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Objective To investigate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy(DR) and serum vitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 310 patients with T2DM both managed in the bio-bank and the diabetes management system of Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minhang District during Feb.,2012 to Dec.,2014 were selected.Then 205 patients were divided into non diabetic retinopathy group (NDR) and 105 patients into DR group according to the fundus examinations.The patients' demographical information,medical history and laboratory essays were collected,serum 25 (OH)D levels were detected.Results Single factor analysis indicated that,compared with NDR group,25(OH)D level of DR group decreased(t =3.465,P＜0.001),prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency rose (x2 =5.313,P =0.021),however,prevalence of 25 (OH) D insufficiency showed no statistical significance (x2 =0.990,P =0.320).Binary Logistic regression analyses showed the inverse correlation between 25 (OH)D level and DR (OR =0.954,95％CI:0.926-0.983,P =0.002),in addition,the risk for DR in T2DM patients who were deficient in 25 (OH)D was 2.17 times than those who were not (OR =2.171,95％ CI:1.047-4.500,P =0.037),after adjusting for a number of variables (demographics,medical history,fasting plasma glucose,postprandial blood glucose,triglyceride and uric acid).Conclusions Serum 25 (OH)D level was negatively related with DR in patients with T2DM.25 (OH)D deficiency might be relevant to the risk of type 2 diabetic retinopathy.
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Objective To investigate the etiological agents of the outbreak of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2009 to 2016,and to provide evidence for the prevention and management policy of HFMD by collecting suspected HFMD samples for laboratory testing from HFMD sentinel hospitals,the Children's Hospitals of Fudan University and jurisdiction community health service centers.Methods Specimens including stools,throat swabs and anal swabs were collected from patients suspected of HFMD from surveillance hospitals,i.e.,Children's Hospital of Fudan University and jurisdiction community health service centers during 2009 and 2016.The specimens were detected by real-time RT-PCR with the five types of viruses including panenterovirus (EV),enterovirus 71 (EV71),Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA16),Coxsackie virus A6 (CVA6) and Coxsackie virus A10 (CVA10).The distribution characteristics of pathogens were analyzed.Results During 2009 and 2016 we collected 3 744 cases of HFMD,the positive detection rate of pan-enterovirus were 84.83％ (3 176 cases),including EV71 (64.45％) and CVA16 (15.77％),then were CVA6 (9.23％) and other EV (8.78％),and CVA10 was only 0.76％.The major etiological agent was EV71.The advantage of different years and different season strain presented dynamic change,mainly EV71 and CVA16 co-popular in 2009,mainly EV71 epidemic from 2010 to 2011,EV71 and CVA16 were co-popular again in 2012,and the priority was EV71,then EV71 and other EV were co-popular in 2013.After 2014,CVA6 gradually increased,mainly CVA6 was popular 2015 and 2016,especially in 2016,the proportion of CVA6 ranged as high as 40.55％.CVA10 showed sporadic distribution trend in very low proportion.From the difference of age and gender in HFMD cases,the males were more than the females (1.68 ∶ 1),and the incidence was the highest in children of 1-3 years old.The peak of incidence occured in April to July,then in September to November.Conclusions HFMD onset seasons mainly were summer and fall-and-winter in bimodal popular models.It happens in children under 5 years of age.The incidence was higher in male than in female.The advantage of different years and different season strains present dynamic change,and the prevalence has obvious age and season limit.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between diabetic retinopathy(DR) and serum vitamin D in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 310 patients with T2DM both managed in the bio-bank and the diabetes management system of Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Minhang District during Feb.,2012 to Dec.,2014 were selected.Then 205 patients were divided into non diabetic retinopathy group (NDR) and 105 patients into DR group according to the fundus examinations.The patients' demographical information,medical history and laboratory essays were collected,serum 25 (OH)D levels were detected.Results Single factor analysis indicated that,compared with NDR group,25(OH)D level of DR group decreased(t =3.465,P＜0.001),prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency rose (x2 =5.313,P =0.021),however,prevalence of 25 (OH) D insufficiency showed no statistical significance (x2 =0.990,P =0.320).Binary Logistic regression analyses showed the inverse correlation between 25 (OH)D level and DR (OR =0.954,95％CI:0.926-0.983,P =0.002),in addition,the risk for DR in T2DM patients who were deficient in 25 (OH)D was 2.17 times than those who were not (OR =2.171,95％ CI:1.047-4.500,P =0.037),after adjusting for a number of variables (demographics,medical history,fasting plasma glucose,postprandial blood glucose,triglyceride and uric acid).Conclusions Serum 25 (OH)D level was negatively related with DR in patients with T2DM.25 (OH)D deficiency might be relevant to the risk of type 2 diabetic retinopathy.
RESUMO
Objective To investigate the etiological agents of the outbreak of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2009 to 2016,and to provide evidence for the prevention and management policy of HFMD by collecting suspected HFMD samples for laboratory testing from HFMD sentinel hospitals,the Children's Hospitals of Fudan University and jurisdiction community health service centers.Methods Specimens including stools,throat swabs and anal swabs were collected from patients suspected of HFMD from surveillance hospitals,i.e.,Children's Hospital of Fudan University and jurisdiction community health service centers during 2009 and 2016.The specimens were detected by real-time RT-PCR with the five types of viruses including panenterovirus (EV),enterovirus 71 (EV71),Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA16),Coxsackie virus A6 (CVA6) and Coxsackie virus A10 (CVA10).The distribution characteristics of pathogens were analyzed.Results During 2009 and 2016 we collected 3 744 cases of HFMD,the positive detection rate of pan-enterovirus were 84.83％ (3 176 cases),including EV71 (64.45％) and CVA16 (15.77％),then were CVA6 (9.23％) and other EV (8.78％),and CVA10 was only 0.76％.The major etiological agent was EV71.The advantage of different years and different season strain presented dynamic change,mainly EV71 and CVA16 co-popular in 2009,mainly EV71 epidemic from 2010 to 2011,EV71 and CVA16 were co-popular again in 2012,and the priority was EV71,then EV71 and other EV were co-popular in 2013.After 2014,CVA6 gradually increased,mainly CVA6 was popular 2015 and 2016,especially in 2016,the proportion of CVA6 ranged as high as 40.55％.CVA10 showed sporadic distribution trend in very low proportion.From the difference of age and gender in HFMD cases,the males were more than the females (1.68 ∶ 1),and the incidence was the highest in children of 1-3 years old.The peak of incidence occured in April to July,then in September to November.Conclusions HFMD onset seasons mainly were summer and fall-and-winter in bimodal popular models.It happens in children under 5 years of age.The incidence was higher in male than in female.The advantage of different years and different season strains present dynamic change,and the prevalence has obvious age and season limit.
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AIM To explore the protective effects of Hericium Tablets on the injury of gastric mucosa and to investigate its possible mechanism.METHODS The rats were orally given doses of Hericium Tablets (0.25,0.5,1.0 g/kg) once a day for seven days.One hour after the last doses,the rats were orally given a dose of anhydrous ethanol (5 mL/kg).In one hour,the degree of gastric mucosal injury and pathological changes were observed.Gastric juice pH and pepsin activity were detected by absorbing the gastric juice.The contents of amino hexose,PGE2 and IL-1β were detected by scraping gastric mucosa.RESULTS Hericium Tablets can obviously alleviate the damage degree of gastric mucosa,reduce the gastric mucosal hyperemia,bleeding,edema and necrosis,as well as against the decrease of pepsin activity in gastric juice,and the decrease of the content of amino hexose in gastric mucosal layer was inhibited,but there was no significant effect on the contents of PGE2 and IL-1 β and the increasement of pH value of gastric juice.CONCLUSION The effects of Hericium Tablets on gastric mucosal injury are obvious,and its mechanism is related to the decrease of the contents of gastric mucosa.
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An efficient method to produce cordycepin by solid culture using Cordyceps militaris was investigated in this study. Firstly, the changes of cordycepin during various growing periods of solid culture using 5 strains of C. militaris were detected, the best strain and optimal growing period for cordycepin production were determined. Then, by experiments of quadratic rotation-orthogonal combination design and orthogonal design, the medium composition and growth conditions for high yield of cordycepin were optimized. With the optimized method to produce cordycepin, the content of cordycepin in the medium was increased to 0.60%, which was nearly 2 times higher than the highest yield reported.