Response of NPK and Organic Manures on Growth, and Root, Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. Nantes

A trial was conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm (HRF), Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during winter 2022 to study the “Response of NPK and Organic Manures on Growth and Root, Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. Nantes”. Results revealed that treatment T2 100% NPK emerged as superior over all other treatment combination in terms of Plant height 59.05 cm, Fresh weight of leaves per plant 137.18, Root yield per plot 4.30 kg, Yield 426.40 quintal/ha-1 T3 75%NPK + FYM number of leaves 19.88,T5 75% NPK + PM Fresh weight of plant 132.04 gm, Length of root 23.75 cm, Diameter of root 5.13 cm T7 50% NPK + VC 116.98 gm Showed higher B:C ratio (5.67) compared with the other treatments under Prayagraj Argo-Climatic conditions.

Effect of Growth Regulators on Plant Growth and Flower Yield in Marigold (Tagetes erecta)

A field experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. During rabi season (2022-2023). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different growth regulators on plant growth, flowering and flower yield of African marigold and to estimate the economics of different treatments. This experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments and each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consist of different combinations of plant growth regulators (Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid and Sea weed extract). Treatment T3 (Gibberellic acid @150ppm) was statistically significant compared to other treatment combination, which recorded highest plant height (44.11 cm), no. of branches (43.53), stem diameter (1.61 cm), no. of leaves (118.93), plant spread (37.17 cm2), Bud length (0.93cm), days to 1st flowering (66.07 days), Size of flower (8.77cm), Number of flower per plant (34.10), Self-life (8.67 days), single flower wt. (18.28 g) in African marigold (Tagetes erecta). The economics estimation revealed that maximum benefit cost ratio was at 2.44.

Effect of Seaweed Extracts on the Growth, Flower Yield and Quality of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) C.V. Aditya Birla

An experiment entitled “Effect of seaweed extracts on the growth, flower yield and quality of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) c.v. Aditya Birla” was conducted to evaluate the response of dahlia to different growth regulators, Kelp @ 2ml and 4 ml and Biovita @ 2ml and 4 ml. Thirteen different treatment combinations were replicated thrice in a Randomized Completely Block Design. The investigation revealed that Biovita was very effective and recorded maximum days to seed germination, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, secondary branch number. Leaf area Significant influence of growth regulators was observed on various vegetative parameters. Flower diameter, flower number, diameter and fresh weight increased Significant influence of growth regulators was observed on various foral parameters. Highest flower numbers per plant and flower yield per ha was recorded treatment T11 (4 ml L-1Biovita, 5 days interval). Treatment T11 recorded higher net realization Rs. 506700 which was followed by treatment cost of cultivation with of Rs.170500.. Furthermore, highest Cost benefit ratio was recorded under treatment T11 (1:2.97).

Variability in Chrysanthemum species (Dendranthema grandiflora) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

A field experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. During rabi season (2022-2023). This study aimed to evaluate different varieties of Chrysanthemum in terms of growth, yield and quality characteristics. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD) with 15 treatments and each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consist of different combinations of varieties. Treatment T4 (Red Baby) was statistically significant compared to other treatment combination, which recorded highest plant height (33.9 cm), No. of branches (31.8), Plant Spread (20.3cm)] , Stalk Length (22.3 cm) , Flower weight (3.8 g) , Self – life (25 days) , Vase life (7.4 days) and quality in comparison to other varieties. The highest Benefit Cost Ratio was found in variety V4 (Red Baby) with 2.32.

Effect of Organic Manure and Bio Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality in Cabbage

The Department of Horticulture at the Naini Agricultural Institute Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (UP) conducted an experiment in 2022 to investigate the "Effect of organic manures and biofertilizers on growth, yield, and quality in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L. Var. capitata)". There were ten treatments totaling various amounts of organic manure and bio-fertilizer, with water serving as the control. At 20, 40, and 60 days after transplantation, the treatment is sprayed. The plot size was kept at 2 m × 1.5 m, and each treatment was reproduced three times in a randomized block design. The best results were achieved with treatment T6 (Farm Yard Manure @20t/ha + Bio-Fertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB) each @5kg/ha). The maximum plant height (24.33 cm), the plant's spread (68.59), the number of leaves per plant (13.67), the average head weight (1.93 kg), the head's compactness (5.56 Kg/inch), the yield per plot (6.93 kg), the yield per hectare (71.60 t/ha), the TSS (5.9 Brix), and the amount of ascorbic acid per 100g.Under T6, the gross return (Rs 221430/ha), net profit (Rs 172530/ha), and B:C ratio (4.52) were all much greater. Overall results revealed that the application of FYM @20t/ha + Biofertilizer @5kg/ha proved to be better for different growth, yield and quality traits in cabbage.

Studies on Heterosis for Fruit Yield, Quality and ToLCV Resistant in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Aims: The current study was designed to investigate the nature and extent of heterosis for marketable fruit output, quality attributes, and resistance to tomato leaf curl virus.Study Design: Statistical Randomized Block Design.Place and Duration of Study: The current study was conducted in Horticulture Research Field at Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences at Prayagraj U.P. India during Rabi, 2016–17.Methodology: The experimental included three testers and thirteen lines During Rabi, 2016–17, out of these, ten lines (female parents) were crossed with every three testers (male parents). The resulting 30 F1s were assessed for yield, fruit quality, and leaf curl virus resistance. To gather data, five plants from each replication were randomly tagged in each entry and analysis of variance was performed. Heterosis over better parent (BP) was calculated by treating each feature using the approach proposed by Hayes et al. [1]. The studied data were statically analyzed using the Indostat software Hyderabad program.Results: The standard heterosis for fruit yield ranged from -67.19 to 29.70% Check (Kashi Abhiman). Five crosses viz., Arka Abha x Kashi Aman, Arka Abha x Kashi Vishesh, Pant T-7 x Kashi Vishesh, S-22 x H-88-78-5 and Pant T-7 x Kashi Aman were exhibited sufficient amount of significant and positive heterosis for fruit yield over standard check. The hybrids Azad T-5 x Kashi Aman and Pant T-7 x Kashi Aman exhibited low incidence with negative heterosis for the ToLCV incidence and severity.Conclusion: Commercialization of hybrid vigor in tomato (Solanum lycopersium L.) has gained prominence due to various advantages of hybrids over pure line varieties, including higher marketable fruit output, component characteristics, and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. According to data presented in the study it is concluded that hybrid vigour can obtain by crossing of parents having desirable characters in tomato.

Effect of Different Sowing Dates and Planting Distance on Growth, Yield and Quality of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis L.)

The present investigation was carried out to find out the best planting time and spacing in terms of growth and flower yield and quality of China aster during Rabi season 2022. The research was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, which had nine treatments replicated thrice. The dates of sowing were kept in the month of October at an interval of one week i.e., 2nd, 9th and 16th having different planting distance (30x20 cm, 30x30 cm, 30x40 cm). This experiment reviled that that Treatment T1 in which seed were sown in 1st week of October having planting distance of 30 x 20 cm performed best in with respect to growth, flower yield and quality of China aster.

Performance of Different Varieties of Tinda (Praecitrullus fistulosus) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Condition

The present experiment was carried out during summer season 2022-23 in Central Horticulture Research Farm of Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted to evaluate Performance of different varieties of Tinda (Praecitrullus fistulosus) under Prayagraj agro climatic condition. For the evaluation eight varieties treatments were V1-Ludhiana Special, V2- S-48, V3-Raja, V4-Komal, V5-IHS-45, V6-Laddu, V7-Heera, V8-Mahy Tinda are taken for the study in a Randomized Block Design with three replications in 2.5 x 1.5 m plot. The study revealed that the maximum vine length 182.8cm in V5 IHS-45. The number of primary branches was maximum in V5-IHS-45, 6.43 at final harvestings. At harvesting the number of nodes per plant was Maximum in V5-IHS-45, 34.36. Days to first female flower appearance was minimum in IHS45, 26.30. IHS-45 was found to be the best variety for fruit weight with 63.14gm. IHS-45 was found to be the best variety for diameter of fruit with 54.12mm. IHS-45 produced the maximum fruit yield/ha and the fruit yield was 143.66q/ha. Among the different varieties studied, IHS-45 performed best for flower, fruit and yield characters. And the best varieties followed by Laddu and Mahy Tinda. The study revealed that, these varieties of Tinda provide high benefit to the farmers through easy cultivation, better stress tolerance, diseases resistance and higher yield.

Evaluation of Different Hybrids of Chilli in Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition

The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of different hybrids of chilli in prayagraj agro-climatic condition” was conducted from July 2022- January 2023. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design with 3 replications and 10 hybrids viz., LHC-Diya, LHC-4010, Beauty, NS-1101, Deva, NS-1701 DG, VNR-305, Chushul, Pushkar, Sonali. Experiment was done to understand the plant growth, fruit yield, quality and economics of Chilli using different hybrids under Allahabad agro-climatic conditions at the experimental field of the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute (NAI), Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. From the above experimental findings it is concluded that, all the characters viz., growth parameters, earliness parameters, yield parameters and qualitative parameters varied significantly. Further, while studying the plant height (F1-Sonali) was found best, highest number of branches, maximum average fruit weight and maximum ascorbic acid was found in (F1-NS-1701 DG), days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering was found minimum in (F1- Pushkar), maximum number of fruits per plant, maximum fruit length and fruit girth was found in (F1- VNR-305), highest yield per plant, highest yield per hectare and highest profit and maximum benefit cost ratio were found in (F1-NS-1101), maximum TSS was found in (F1- Beauty).

Effect of Different Drying Media on Different Cut Flowers

The standardization of different drying techniques for various cut flowers is crucial for value addition in the floriculture industry. Drying flowers enhances their longevity, making them available year-round and reducing wastage. By preserving their vibrant colours, shapes, and textures, dried flowers offer novel and aesthetically appealing options for floral arrangements and decorations. Therefore, present investigation was carried out to determine the effect of different drying media on the quality of flowers. Under this experiment, overall, 11 treatments comprising of different drying media were applied for different cut flowers. The present investigation found that treatment T4 (Sand (microwave @ 280°C) and T6 (Silica gel (microwave @ 280°C) responded better among different drying method and T6 (Silica gel (microwave @ 280°C) also showed better colour, shape and texture of cut flowers employed in drying.

Performance of Different Varieties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition

Eight cucumber varieties were evaluated at SHUATS, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh, in randomized block design with three replications during summer season-2022 for growth, yield and fruit quality traits. The variety AGRI GREEN gave maximum mean value for maximum vine length (217.33cm), number of primary branches (5.67), number of nodes per plant (39.10), Days to first female flower appearance and node to first female flower appearance were minimum and that was about (50.76) and (4.33) respectively, fruit length and weight with (15.83cm) and (126.00gm) respectively), node number at which first female flower appears (4.33), number of female flowers per Plant (16.37), fruit yield/ha (164.10 q/ha), number of fruits per plant (13.30), TSS (4.20 oBrix), was observed in same variety. The maximum fruit diameter was found in SS-100 (45.50 mm). AGRI GREEN was found superior based on overall performance in terms of growth, yield, and quality parameters. The study revealed that, these varieties of cucumber provide high benefit to the farmers through easy cultivation, better stress tolerance, diseases resistance and higher yields.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)

A cherry tomato is a small-sized tomato variety known for its round shape and sweet flavor. Therefore, at the Department of Horticulture at Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, an investigation titled "Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Cherry Tomato" was conducted during the Rabi-2022-23 season to assess the impact of plant growth regulators on the growth, quality, and yield of Pusa Cherry 1 tomatoes, as well as analyze the economic aspects of different treatments. Ten treatments were employed, including control with different concentrations of growth regulators (GA3 and Auxin) and Kinetin. The study found that using plant growth regulators had a significantly positive effect on cherry tomatoes for all traits. Among the treatments tested, T3(GA3 @ 75 ppm) showed the most favourable results in terms of plant height, number of primary branches, early flowering and maturing. T3 also demonstrated superior performance in terms of fruit weight, the maximum number of fruits per plant, and yield per plant.

Effect of Different Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

The experimentation entitled Effect of different organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during kharif (Rainy) season at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, and PRAYAGRAJ (UP) during 2022. Due to the heavy application of chemical and fertilizer, land and water bodies are getting polluted So, to reduce the degradation of soil, we have used combination of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications and thirteen treatment combinations. F1 Hybrid Covi Plus was selected for this study. We have found that application of 75% NPK and 25% of vermicompost respectively gave highest yield (19.57 t/ha).

Effect of Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Root Yield of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)

Beetroot cultivation is benefited from the use of both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers such as compost or manure improve soil fertility, enhance nutrient availability, and promote microbial activity. Inorganic fertilizers provide precise nutrient ratios and are readily available for immediate plant uptake. Combining organic and inorganic fertilizers ensures a balanced nutrient supply, promoting healthy growth, improved yield, and nutrient-rich beetroot production. The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Farm (HRF), Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Rabi-2022 with a view to identify the best treatment combination that performed in the Prayagraj region. The treatments comprised of T1 (Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF)), T2 (75% (RDF) +25% (FYM)), T3 (75% (RDF) +25% (Vermicompost)), T4 (75% (RDF) +25% (Poultry Manure)), T5 (50% (RDF) + 50% (FYM)), T6 (50%(RDF) +50% (Vermicompost)), T7 (50%(RDF) +50% (Poultry Manure)), T8 (25% (RDF) + 75% (FYM)), T9 (25% (RDF) +75% (Vermicompost)), T10 (25% (RDF) +75% (Poultry Manure)), T11 (75% (RDF) + 12.5% (Poultry Manure) + 12.5% (Vermicompost)), T12 (50% (RDF) +25% (FYM) +25 % (Poultry Manure)) and T13 (25% (RDF)+ 50% (FYM)+ 25% (Vermicompost)). From the above experimental finding it is concluded that the treatment T11 (75% (RDF) + 12.5% (Poultry Manure) + 12.5% (Vermicompost)) was found to be best in the terms of growth and yield among different treatment combinations of Beet root.

The Growth Characteristic of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Genotypes and Varieties Grown under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

The experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Field, Department of Horticulture, during the year 2022. This experiment was conducted to find out the best performing genotypes in relation of growth, yield and quality of cucumber. Seven cucumber genotypes such as IET, 2021/CUCUVAR-1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and three check variety namely NAZIA,LHC-1395 and MALINI were studied at SHUATS, Prayagraj in randomized block design with three replications in 4.5 x 3.0 m plot during summer season 2022 to find out the best performing genotype in related to growth, yield and fruit quality traits. NAZIA was found with the maximum fruit weight (247.67g), Fruit length (18.37cm), Fruit yield per plot (43.64 kg), Fruit yield (326.40 q/ha). NAZIA was found superior based on overall performance in term of growth, yield and quality and highest net return (3,33,718 Rs/ha). The highest cost benefit ratio (3.14) was found in cucumber NAZIA variety.

Effect of Different Levels of Controlled Release Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Red Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Var Kashi Lalima under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Condition

About 40-70% of conventional fertilizer is wasted due to leaching causing environmental issues. Controlled release fertilizers provide a promising solution as they gradually release nutrients to match the crop's nutrient requirements, improving nutrient uptake efficiency and reducing nutrient losses. The Experiment was carried out During March To June 2021-22, using a randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments, including a control using the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). The statistical analysis of the variance showed that the use of CRF had a significant effect on the growth, yield, and quality of red okra. Among the different levels of CRF used, treatment T7 (11g CRF/plant) performed the best in terms of growth parameters such as plant height and number of leaves. Treatment T2 (7g CRF/plant) was found to perform the best in terms of earliness parameters. Treatment T5 (9g CRF/plant) had the highest yield with 14.30 t/ha. Treatment T6 (10g CRF/plant) was found to be the best for quality parameters. The highest benefit-cost ratio was recorded in treatment T5 (9g CRF/plant) which is 4.7. From the present investigation, it is concluded that, CRF can be used efficiently for higher crop production.

Performance of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.) Genotypes for Yield and Quality under Climatic Conditions of Prayagraj

An experiment on the “Performance of Bottle Gourd Genotypes i.e. (AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-1, AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-2, AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-3, AVT-II/2019/BOGVA-4, AVT-II/2019/BOGVA-5, AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-6 RITURAJ (CHECK), GREENINDIA (CHECK), NATIONAL AGRO (CHECK), SHANKAR (CHECK) for yield and quality under climatic conditions of prayagraj” was conducted during February to May, 2022, in field of Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India. The experiment was conducted in Randomized block design, with three replications. The genotype AVT-II/2019/BOGVAR-6 recorded maximum number of female flowers (15.66), number of fruits/plant (8.88 fruits), average yield per plant (5.71 kg/plant), yield per hectare (342.44 q/ha).

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Vegetative Growth Parameter of Lilium (Lilium Longiflorum) cv. Pavia under Shade Net Condition

The present investigation was under taken in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, (Allahabad). During winter season of 2020-2021, 2021-2022 and Pooled. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 13 treatments and each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consist of different combinations of inorganic fertilizers (N, P and K) and organic fertilizers (FYM, Vermicompost and Poultry Manure) and control (No fertilizers and manures). The treatment T5 50% RDF + FYM 14 t ha-1 was found the statistically significant compared to other treatment combination, which recorded highest plant height (23.68, 57.11 and 76.41 cm), spread area (8.19 cm2, 15.54 cm2 and 18.47 cm2), Number of leaves (36.63, 57.11 and 76.41), Leaf area (15.03 cm2, 15.63 cm2 and 15.33 cm2), Chlorophyll content (66.11 mg, 65.60 mg and 65.86 mg), followed by T9 25% RDF + Vermicompost 6.9 t ha-1 and lowest yield was obtained from T0 (control).