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Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatments of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis with autoimmune hepatitis in children. Methods: A child who had chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis with autoimmune hepatitis was admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of the Children's Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics at April 2022. The clinical data was retrospectively analyzed. Using the keywords of "chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis""autoimmune hepatitis" in Chinese and English, the literature from database establishment to December 2022 in CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical Literature Database and Pubmed was searched. Combined with this case, the clinical characteristics and treatment of chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis combined with autoimmune hepatitis were analyzed. Results: A 5 years and 3 months girl was admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics for "transaminase elevated for 1 year and swelling of right maxillofacial area for half a year". The physical examinations at admission found a 4.0 cm × 4.0 cm swelling area with tenderness before the right ear, abdominal distention with visible abdominal wall vein, firm and enlarged liver (10.0 cm below the xiphoid and 4.5 cm below the right ribs), and splenomegaly (Line Ⅰ 10.0 cm, Line Ⅱ 11.5 cm, and Line Ⅲ 25.0 cm). There was no redness, swelling or restriction of the limbs. Laboratory examination found abnormal liver function with alanine aminotransferase 118 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase 227 U/L, γ-glutamyltransferase 360 U/L, and positive direct anti-human globulin test; immunology test found immunoglobulin G 41.60 g/L and a homogeneous type of antinuclear antibody of 1∶1 000; the autoimmune hepatitis antibody test found a positive anti-smooth muscle antibody (1∶100). Liver biopsy showed moderate interfacial inflammation and the patient was diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis (International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group 19). The imaging findings showed extensive involvement of the bilateral mandible, while the right side was severe. There were expansile bone changes, thinning of the bone cortex, and significant swelling of the surrounding soft tissue in the mandibular body, mandibular angle, and mandibular ramus. After treatment of glucocorticoid, the swelling of the right maxillofacial region disappeared and the transaminase returned to normal. Only one case was reported before in English and none in Chinese. The two cases were both girls whose main clinical features were joint pain and swelling. The previous case started with pain in both knee joints, and developed liver injury during treatment while this case had liver injury as the initial clinical presentation. Besides, the affected sites and degrees of arthritis in the 2 cases were different. After glucocorticoid treatment, the clinical symptoms were alleviated, and transaminases returned to normal. Conclusions: Chronic non bacterial osteomyelitis may involve the liver and manifest as autoimmune hepatitis. Glucocorticoids therapy is effective.
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Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Glucocorticoides , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hepatite Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Alanina Transaminase , Osteomielite/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Gut dysbiosis,a well-known risk factor to triggers the progression of Alzheimer's disease(AD),is strongly associated with metabolic disturbance.Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO),produced in the dietary choline metabolism,has been found to accelerate neurodegeneration in AD pathology.In this study,the cognitive function and gut microbiota of TgCRND8(Tg)mice of different ages were evaluated by Morris water maze task(MWMT)and 16S rRNA sequencing,respectively.Young pseudo germ-free(PGF)Tg mice that received faecal microbiota transplants from aged Tg mice and wild-type(WT)mice were selected to determine the role of the gut microbiota in the process of neuropathology.Excessive choline treatment for Tg mice was used to investigate the role of abnormal choline metabolism on the cognitive functions.Our results showed that gut dysbiosis,neuroinflammation response,Aβ deposition,tau hyper-phosphorylation,TMAO overproduction and cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5)/transcription 3(STAT3)activation occurred in Tg mice age-dependently.Disordered microbiota of aged Tg mice accelerated AD pathology in young Tg mice,with the activation of CDK5/STAT3 signaling in the brains.On the contrary,faecal microbiota transplantation from WT mice alleviated the cognitive deficits,attenuated neuro-inflammation,Aβ deposition,tau hyperphosphorylation,TMAO overproduction and suppressed CDK5/STAT3 pathway activation in Tg mice.Moreover,excessive choline treatment was also shown to aggravate the cognitive deficits,Aβ deposition,neuroinflammation and CDK5/STAT3 pathway activation.These findings provide a novel insight into the interaction between gut dysbiosis and AD progression,clarifying the important roles of gut microbiota-derived substances such as TMAO in AD neuropathology.
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Aim To investigate the effect of marine herbal seahorse on chronic unpredictable mild stress ( CUMS ) -induced depression-like model in zebrafish. Methods Adult zebrafish were divided into control, Stress,Stress + low dose (Stress +0.044% SH) and Stress + high dose (Stress +0. 22% SH) seahorse intervention groups, and depression-like behavior was identified by novel tank test (NTT), cortisol, interleukin ( IL )-6 and interferon (IFN )-γ levels were detected by ELISA. The levels of dopamine (DA) ,norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The mRNA expression levels of tryptophan hydroxylase(TPH)-2 and 5-HT2A receptor were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the Stress group showed significantly longer latency to reach the top in NTT, significantly reduced number of transfers to the top region and top residence time, significantly increased levels of cortisol and IL-6, IFN-γ protein, significantly reduced levels of DA and 5-HT in brain as well as increased metabolism rate of 5-HT, while 5-HT2A mRNA expression was up-regulated and TPH2 mRNA expression was down-regulated. In contrast, low-dose seahorse intervention effectively reduced anxiety, decreased cortisol and IL-6 and IFN-γ concentrations, increased monoamine neurotransmitter levels and reversed dysregulation of the 5-HT ergic system in CUMS zebrafish. Conclusion Seahorse may exert an-tidepressant effects through anti-inflammation and mod¬ulation of monoamine neurotransmitter levels.
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OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to determine the HIV-1 subtype distribution and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in patients with ART failure from 2014 to 2020 in Hainan, China.@*METHODS@#A 7-year cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients with ART failure in Hainan. We used online subtyping tools and the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree to confirm the HIV subtypes with pol sequences. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) were analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.@*RESULTS@#A total of 307 HIV-infected patients with ART failure were included, and 241 available pol sequences were obtained. Among 241 patients, CRF01_AE accounted for 68.88%, followed by CRF07_BC (17.00%) and eight other subtypes (14.12%). The overall prevalence of HIVDR was 61.41%, and the HIVDR against non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 59.75%, 45.64%, and 2.49%, respectively. Unemployed patients, hypoimmunity or opportunistic infections in individuals, and samples from 2017 to 2020 increased the odd ratios of HIVDR. Also, HIVDR was less likely to affect female patients. The common DRMs to NNRTIs were K103N (21.99%) and Y181C (20.33%), and M184V (28.21%) and K65R (19.09%) were the main DRMs against NRTIs.@*CONCLUSION@#The present study highlights the HIV-1 subtype diversity in Hainan and the importance of HIVDR surveillance over a long period.
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Humanos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/uso terapêutico , HIV-1/genética , Estudos Transversais , Filogenia , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Viral/genética , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Mutação , China/epidemiologia , Prevalência , GenótipoRESUMO
@#Objective - ( ) To evaluate the effect of job rotation on pain in wrist work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs ( )Methods of physical therapists PTs . A total of 100 PTs from nine medical institutions were selected as the research subjects , using judgment sampling method and they were divided into control group and intervention group by stratified random sampling , method with 50 person in each group. The individuals in control group perform routine works. People in the intervention group were rotated between posts or added mobile shift replacements in daily work for 30 minutes. The duration of intervention was , , ( ) once a day five days a week for ten weeks. Visual Analogue Scale VAS score and pain duration were used as the evaluation , indexes of intervention effect. The changes of indexes before intervention five weeks and ten weeks after intervention were Results , compared between the two groups. Before intervention there was no significant difference in the VAS score and pain ( P ) duration between the control group and the intervention group all >0.05 . There was no significant difference in VAS score ( P ) and pain duration among the control group at three time points after intervention all >0.05 . The VAS score of PTs in the (P ), intervention group at ten weeks was lower than that in the control group at the same time point <0.05 and it was lower than ( P ) that before intervention and at five weeks of intervention in the same group all <0.05 . The pain duration of PTs in the ( P ), intervention group was lower than that in the control group at five and ten weeks after intervention all <0.05 and was lower ( P ) Conclusion , than that before intervention at the same group all <0.05 . Rotating schedule can relieve WMSDs of PTs and the effect of intervention for ten weeks is more effective than that of intervention for five weeks.
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Objective:To explore the protective mechanism of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway in glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) antagonizing the apoptosis of gestational trophoblasts (HTR-8/SVneo) induced by advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP).Methods:Pregnant trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo were cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into control group, AOPP group, GLP-1 group, AOPP + GLP-1 group and AOPP + GLP-1 + LY294002 group. The control group was cultured in 1640 medium; AOPP group was stimulated with 200 μg/ml AOPP; GLP-1 group was stimulated with 50-100 nmol/L GLP-1 for 1 h; AOPP + GLP-1 group was stimulated with 200 μg/ml AOPP for 48 hours, and then GLP-1 (50-100 nmol/L) was added for 1 hour; In AOPP + GLP-1 + LY294002 group, PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was added on the basis of the intervention of AOPP + GLP-1 group. The expression of PI3K/Akt pathway related protein p-Akt was detected by Western blot. Cell viability was detected by cell counting kit (CCK-8). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the contents of apoptosis promoter protease caspase-9 and caspase-3, and the contents of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and Cyto-c. Results:After AOPP stimulation, the expression of p-Akt in AOPP group was lower than that in control group ( P<0.05); After 50 and 100 nmol/L GLP-1 intervention, the expression of p-Akt in AOPP + GLP-1 group was significantly higher than that in AOPP group (all P<0.05). After 24 and 48 hours of 100 nmol/L GLP-1 intervention, the expression of p-Akt in AOPP + GLP-1 group was significantly higher than that in AOPP group (all P<0.05). After AOPP stimulation, the cell viability of AOPP group was lower than that of control group ( P<0.05); After GLP-1 intervention, the cell viability of AOPP + GLP-1 group was significantly higher than that of AOPP group ( P<0.05). After adding PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the cell viability of AOPP + GLP-1 + LY294002 group was significantly lower than that of AOPP + GLP-1 group ( P<0.05). The results of ELISA showed that the contents of apoptosis promoter protein caspase-3, caspase-9, apoptosis related protein Bax and Cyto-c in AOPP group were higher than those in control group (all P<0.05), and the content of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 was lower than that in control group ( P<0.05); After GLP-1 intervention, the contents of caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax and Cyto-c in AOPP + GLP-1 group were significantly lower than those in AOPP group ( P<0.05), and the content of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 was higher than that in AOPP group ( P<0.05). After treatment with PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the contents of Bcl-2 in AOPP + GLP-1 + LY294002 group were lower than those in AOPP + GLP-1 group, and the contents of Bax and Cyto-c were higher than those in AOPP + GLP-1 group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:GLP-1 may mediate PI3K / Akt pathway to antagonize the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo induced by AOPP.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of Kuanxiong Aerosol (KXA) on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury in rat models.@*METHODS@#Totally 24 rats were radomly divided into control, ISO, KXA low-dose and high-dose groups according to the randomized block design method, and were administered by intragastric administration for 10 consecutive days, and on the 9th and 10th days, rats were injected with ISO for 2 consecutive days to construct an acute myocardial ischemia model to evaluate the improvement of myocardial ischemia by KXA. In addition, the diastolic effect of KXA on rat thoracic aorta and its regulation of ion channels were tested by in vitro vascular tension test. The influence of KXA on the expression of calcium-CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II)/extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway has also been tested.@*RESULTS@#KXA significantly reduced the ISO-induced increase in ST-segment, interventricular septal thickness, cardiac mass index and cardiac tissue pathological changes in rats. Moreover, the relaxation of isolated thoracic arterial rings that had been precontracted using norepinephrine (NE) or potassium chloride (KCl) was increased after KXA treatment in an endothelium-independent manner, and was attenuated by preincubation with verapamil, but not with tetraethylammonium chloride, 4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide, or barium chloride. KXA pretreatment attenuated vasoconstriction induced by CaCl2 in Ca2+-free solutions containing K+ or NE. In addition, KXA pretreatment inhibited accumulation of Ca2+ in A7r5 cells mediated by KCl and NE and significantly decreased p-CaMK II and p-ERK levels.@*CONCLUSION@#KXA may inhibit influx and release of calcium and activate the CaMK II/ERK signaling pathway to produce vasodilatory effects, thereby improving myocardial injury.
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Animais , Ratos , Aerossóis , Aorta Torácica , Cálcio/metabolismo , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Isquemia Miocárdica/metabolismo , VasodilataçãoRESUMO
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is expressed in retinal neurons, but its role in the retina is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that GLP-1 or the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R; a G protein-coupled receptor) agonist exendin-4 suppressed γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR)-mediated currents through GLP-1Rs in isolated rat retinal ganglion cells (GCs). Pre-incubation with the stimulatory G protein (Gs) inhibitor NF 449 abolished the exendin-4 effect. The exendin-4-induced suppression was mimicked by perfusion with 8-Br-cAMP (a cAMP analog), but was eliminated by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-cAMP/KT-5720. The exendin-4 effect was accompanied by an increase in [Ca2+]i of GCs through the IP3-sensitive pathway and was blocked in Ca2+-free solution. Furthermore, when the activity of calmodulin (CaM) and CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was inhibited, the exendin-4 effect was eliminated. Consistent with this, exendin-4 suppressed GABAR-mediated light-evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents in GCs in rat retinal slices. These results suggest that exendin-4-induced suppression may be mediated by a distinct Gs/cAMP-PKA/IP3/Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway, following the activation of GLP-1Rs.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic findings of patients with infantile intrahepatic cholestasis.@*METHODS@#The clinical data were collected in children who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology in Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics from June 2017 to June 2019 and were suspected of inherited metabolic diseases. Next generation sequencing based on target gene panel was used for gene analysis in these children. Sanger sequencing technology was used to verify the genes of the members in this family.@*RESULTS@#Forty patients were enrolled. Pathogenic gene variants were identified in 13 patients (32%), including @*CONCLUSIONS@#The etiology of infantile intrahepatic cholestasis is complex. Next generation sequencing is helpful in the diagnosis of infantile intrahepatic cholestasis.
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Criança , Humanos , Síndrome de Alagille/genética , Colestase Intra-Hepática/genética , Citrulinemia , Testes Genéticos , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Proteínas de Transporte da Membrana Mitocondrial , MutaçãoRESUMO
Objective:Considering the efficacy of Gegen Qinliantang (GQT) in releasing exterior and clearing interior to alleviate dampness-heat dysentery, we analyzed the mechanism of the chloroform extract of GQT in alleviating enterotoxicity caused by irinotecan to provide an experimental basis for the development of GQT. Method:Kunming mice (<italic>n</italic>=60) were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a loperamide group (positive drug of loperamide hydrochloride capsule, 0.4 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>), and high- (2.3 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) and low-dose (1.16 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) GQT chloroform extract groups. The mouse model of delayed diarrhea was established by intraperitoneal injection of irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11, 55 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) for four consecutive days, meanwhile, the mice in the blank group only received the same volume of normal saline. Corresponding drugs were administered by gavage on the fifth day, respectively, while the ones in the blank group and model group were given distilled water for five consecutive days. The general condition of mice in each group was observed, and diarrhea indexes of mice were recorded. Pathological changes in colon tissues of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-<italic>α</italic>, interleukin (IL)-1<italic>β</italic>, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in colon tissues were detected with the assay kits. Furthermore, the expression levels of Kelch sample epoxy chloropropane associated protein 1 (Keap1), nuclear factor E<sub>2</sub> related factor 2 (Nrf2), tight junction protein-1 (ZO-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and tight junction protein (Occludin) were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with the blank group, the model group showed declined body weight and reduced contents of GSH-Px and SOD (<italic>P</italic><0.01), whereas increased diarrhea indexes and TNF-<italic>α</italic>, IL-1<italic>β</italic>, COX-2, ICAM-1, MDA and NO levels (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Abundant inflammatory cells and colonic mucosa with defects, swelling, bleeding, and inflammatory exudation were revealed by HE staining in the mice of the model group. The expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, ZO-1, HO-1 and Occludin in colon tissues significantly declined (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Compared with the model group, the loperamide group and the high- and low-dose GQT chloroform extract groups exhibited improved weight loss, reduced diarrhea indexes, diminished TNF-<italic>α</italic>,<italic> </italic>IL-1<italic>β</italic>, COX-2, ICAM-1, MDA and NO, and elevated GSH-Px and SOD. HE staining indicated that the cells were compactly arranged with clear nuclei in the high- and low-dose GQT chloroform extract groups, and the expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 were up-regulated. Conclusion:GQT chloroform extract may alleviate CPT-11-induced delayed diarrhea by regulating inflammation and oxidative stress for enhancing the intestinal barrier function. These findings are expected to provide a reference for exploring the toxicity-attenuating effect of Chinese medicinals on chemotherapy drugs and for developing famous classical formulas.
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Drug combination can effectively enhance the anti-tumor effect, reduce the drug dose, and improve medication safety. The use of nano-carrier for drug co-delivery can effectively avoid the differences in drug delivery behavior in vivo. Triptolide and celastrol are the main anti-tumor active components of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. Modern studies have shown that the combination of triptolide and celastrol can significantly enhance the antitumor effect, but they are limited by poor water solubility and low tumor tissue delivery rate. In this study, a biomimetic erythrocyte membrane liposome co-loaded with triptolide and celastrol was prepared to characterize the morphology, particle size, potential, drug release, serum stability, and other properties. The immunogenicity, uptake behavior, and anti-cell proliferation ability of the biomimetic liposome was compared. All the animal experiments were carried out in accordance with protocol evaluated and approved by the Ethics Committee of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Chengdu, China). The results showed that the biomimetic erythrocyte membrane liposome co-loaded with triptolide and celastrol (C+T/RBCm@Lip) in this study had an average particle size of 119.12 ± 2.78 nm and a spherical "core-shell" structure. The zeta potential value was -16.9 ± 1.2 mV, and the drug release behavior in vitro was slow. In addition, the process of coating the cell membrane maintained the characteristics of erythrocyte membrane protein, had good stability in serum, and could effectively avoid the recognition and clearance of macrophages, without causing immunogenicity in vivo. The uptake effect of co-loaded biomimetic liposomes on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells was enhanced compared with that of uncoated cell membrane liposomes, and the inhibitory effect on proliferation of HepG2 cells was enhanced. In conclusion, the biomimetic liposomes coated with erythrocyte membrane prepared in this study is beneficial to the anti-tumor delivery of triptolide and celastrol, and could enhance the inhibitory effect on the growth of HepG2 liver cancer cells, providing a new idea for the anti-tumor application of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effects of Huoxin Pill (, HXP) on cardiac fibrosis and heart failure (HF) in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced HF rats.@*METHODS@#Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups including control, HF, isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN), HXP low (HXP-L), and HXP high (HXP-H) groups (n=6 for each group) according to the complete randomization method. Rats were pretreated with ISMN (5 mg/kg daily), low concentration of HXP (10 mg/kg daily) or high concentration of HXP (30 mg/kg daily) or equal volume of saline by intragastric administration for 1 week, followed by intraperitoneal injection of ISO (10 mg/kg, 14 days), and continually intragastric administrated with above medicines or saline for additional 6 weeks. The effects of HXP treatment on the cardiac function, heart weight index (HWI), pathological changes, and collagen content were further assessed. Moreover, the role of HXP on activation of transforming growth factor- β 1 (TGF-β 1)/Smads pathway was further explored using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western-blot assay.@*RESULTS@#HXP treatment significantly alleviated the decrease of ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), while decreased the elevation of left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) in ISO-induced HF rats (P<0.05). Moreover, HXP treatment obviously attenuated the increase of HWI and serum level of creatine kinase MB (CK-MB, P<0.05), as well as pathological changes in ISO-induced HF rats. Further determination indicated that HXP treatment alleviated the elevation of collagen I and collagen III protein expression in cardiac tissues of ISO-induced HF rats. Furthermore, HXP treatment significantly down-regulated the increase of TGF-β 1 and p-Smad2/3 protein expression in cardiac tissues of HF rats (P<0.05), while did not affect the expression of total Smad2/3.@*CONCLUSIONS@#HXP attenuated heart failure and cardiac fibrosis in ISO-induced HF rats by suppression of TGF-β 1/Smad2/3 pathway.
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Objective To identify new genes that correlate with prognosis of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of early intervention of bone-nearby acupuncture (BNA) combined with electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of histone deacetylase1(HDAC1), histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) andμ-opioid recepter (MOR) in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of bone cancer pain-morphine tolerance (BCP-MT) rats, and to explore its possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 35 SD rats were randomized into a sham BCP group (=6), a BCP group (=7), a MT group (=7), a BNA+EA group (=8) and a shame BNA group (=7). Except of the sham BCP group, cancer cell inoculation operation at left tibia was given in the other 4 groups to establish the bone cancer pain model. In the MT group, the BNA+EA group and the shame BNA group, intraperitoneal injection of morphine hydrochloride was given to establish the morphine tolerance model. After the operation, bone-nearby acupuncture combined with electroacupuncture was applied at "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Kunlun" (BL 60) in the BNA+EA group, with dilatational wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency, 0.5 to 1.5 mA in intensity. Intervention in the shame BNA group was applied at the same time and acupoints as those in the BNA+EA group, the needles were pierced the skin without any electrical stimulation. The needles were retained for 30 min, once a day for continuous 7 days in both BNA+EA and shame BNA groups. Before and 10, 11, 15, 22 days after the operation, the left paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured in the 5 groups. The levels of HDAC1, HDAC2 and MOR in DRG were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Ten days after the cancer cell inoculation operation, the PWT of the BCP, MT, BNA+EA and sham BNA groups was decreased compared with the sham BCP group (0.05); the PWT of the BNA+EA group was increased compared with the MT and sham BNA group (<0.01). In the BCP group, the DRG levels of HDAC1 and HDCA2 were increased, while the level of MOR was decreased compared with the sham BCP group (<0.05, <0.01). In the MT group, the DRG level of HDAC1 was increased compared with the BCP group (<0.05). In the BNA+EA group, the DRG level of HDAC1 was decreased compared with the MT group and the sham BNA group (<0.01, <0.05), while the level of MOR was increased (<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Early intervention of bone-nearby acupuncture combined with electroacupuncture can relieve the morphine tolerance in bone cancer pain rats, it may relate to down-regulating the expression of HDAC1 and up-regulating the expression of MOR in the dorsal root ganglia.
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Animais , Ratos , Pontos de Acupuntura , Neoplasias Ósseas , Dor do Câncer , Terapêutica , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Eletroacupuntura , Gânglios Espinais , Metabolismo , Histona Desacetilases , Metabolismo , Morfina , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Opioides mu , MetabolismoRESUMO
Objective To determine the content and distribution of manganese in rural drinking water in Guangxi province, and to provide scientific evidence for improving drinking water quality and safety. Methods The monitoring results of manganese in rural drinking water in Guangxi from 2014 to 2019 were evaluated according to GB 5749-2006 Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water. Results 47 637 samples were analyzed during 2014-2019.Manganese detection rate was 28.46 %, with the range from 0.05 to 2.71 mg/L, and the qualified rate was 99.46%.The difference of manganese compliance rate in different years was statistically significant (χ2=25.049, P < 0.01), and the rate increased with the increase of year (χ2 =17.498, P < 0.01).The compliance rate in dry seasons was higher than that in wet seasons(χ2=5.871, P < 0.05).The qualified rate of manganese was statistically different between the water samples collected from centralized and scattered supply sources (χ2=90.983, P < 0.01).The qualified rate of manganese in large centralized water supply was higher than that in small centralized water supply (χ2=10.294, P < 0.01).The geographic distribution of the qualified manganese rate was in the following order:center>west>north>south>east.(χ2=103.908, P < 0.01). Conclusion There are high and low concentrations of water manganese in rural areas of Guangxi.While most areas showed low manganese in drinking water, some areas dispayed a local point distribution of high water manganese.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism of moxibustion on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the perspective of programmed cell death-1 and its ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1).@*METHODS@#A total of 30 Japanese big ear white rabbits were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and a moxibustion group, 10 rabbits in each one. In the model group and the moxibustion group, RA model was prepared by the injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) into the hind knee joint cavities of each rabbit. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution of the same dose was injected. On the 8th day of experiment, in the moxibustion group, moxibustion was applied to "Shenshu" (BL 23) and "Zusanli" (ST 36), 5 cones at each acupoint, on the bilateral sides alternatively, once a day, 6 treatments as one course, with an interval of 1 days between the treatment courses. Totally, 3 courses of treatment were required. On the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days of experiment, successively, the circumference of the bilateral knee joints was measured with the tape. On the 28th day of experiment, H.E. staining was adopted to observe the histopathological morphology and to evaluate the score of knee synovial tissue. ELISA was used to determined the concentrations of soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and its ligand 1 (sPD-L1), the interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-17 in knee synovial fluid and the concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in serum. The histochemistry method was used to determine the expressions of membrane PD-1 (mPD-1) and its ligand 1 (mPD-L1) in spleen tissue.@*RESULTS@#On the 14th, 21st and 28th days of experiment, the circumference of both knee joints was increased in each of the rabbits in the model group as compared with the control group (<0.01), and it was reduced significantly in the moxibustion group as compared with the model group (<0.01). Compared with the control group, the hyperplasia of synovial tissue and fibrous tissue, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration were increased obviously in the model group (<0.01), and they were reduced significantly in the moxibustion group as compared with the model group (<0.01, <0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-17 in knee synovial fluid were increased in the rabbits of the model group (<0.01). Compared with the model group, after the intervention with moxibustion, the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-17 in knee synovial fluid were reduced in the rabbits of the moxibustion group (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 in knee synovial fluid and serum in the rabbits of the model group were all increased (<0.05). Compared with the model group, the concentration of sPD-1 in the knee synovial fluid and serum were reduced in the rabbits of moxibustion group (<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of mPD-1 and mPD-L1 in spleen tissue were increased obviously in the rabbits of the model group (<0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of mPD-L1 in spleen tissue was up-regulated in the rabbits of the moxibustion group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion could inhibit the over-activation of T cells by enhancing the negative regulation of PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway so as to play its effect in treatment of RA.
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Aim: To investigate the functional influences of saponins from Anemarrhena asphdeloids Bge (SAaB) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264. 7 cells and the regulation of SAaB to NF-κB- iNOS-NO signaling pathway. Methods: The inflammatory cell model in vitro was established using LPS- induced RAW264. 7 cells, and the levels of NO, iN- OS, TNF-α and IL-6 in inflammatory RAW264. 7 cells effected by SAaB were analyzed using Griess and ELISA method respectively. The protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 were measured by Western blot. Results: Compared with control group, LPS (10 mg L-1) -induced RAW264. 7 cells expressed a significant increase in the levels of NO, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and NF-κB p65 protein. SAaB (0.3, 3, 30 mg L-1) obviously reduced the contents of these inflammatory factors (P <0. 01) and the expression of NF-κB p65 protein (P < 0. 01) in LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. Conclusion: SAaB can inhibit the functions of LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells by modulating NF-KB- iNOS-NO signaling pathway.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of 0.0% and 0.02% atropine on pupil diameter (PD) and accommodation amplitude (AMP) in myopic children and analyze its relation factors.Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial design was adopted.One hundred and ninety-three myopia children were included from June to October,2016 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,all the children completed one-year follow-up.All the children were divided into three groups randomly,with 72,74 and 80 myopic children in 0.01% atropine group,0.02% atropine group and control group,respectively.The myopic children in 0.01% atropine group and 0.02% atropine group wore single-vision spectacle lenses and were treated with 0.01% and 0.02% atropine eye drops nightly,respectively.The myopic children in the control group wore spectacle lenses only.The PD and AMP were measured at baseline,and 4,8 and 12 months after treatment.Results There were no significant difference of baselinePD and AMP among the three groups (F=9.321,P=0.820;F=13.209,P=0.220).Compared with basline,after 12 months,the PD increased by 0.75,0.84 and 0.02 mm in 0.01% atropine group,0.02% atropine group and control group,respectively.There were statistically significant differences of PD among three groups at different time points (Fgroup =2.168,P=0.013;Ftime =2.139,P=0.015;Finteraction =2.148,P=0.001).Compared with baseline,the PD of 0.01% atropine group and 0.02% atropine group were increased 4,8 and 12 months after treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (all at P<0.001).The PD was stable in control group.After 12 months,the AMP were reduced by 1.25,1.12 and 0.28 D in 0.01% atropine group,0.02% atropine group and control group,respectively.There were statistically significant differences of AMP among the three groups at the different time points (Fgroup =18.346,P =0.034;Ftime =1.823,P =0.002;Fintercation =3.239,P =0.023).Compared with baseline,the AMP of 0.01% atropine group and 0.02% atropine group were increased 4,8 and 12 months after treatment,and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05).The AMP remained stable in control group.The change of PD in 0.01% atropine group and 0.02% atropine group was correlated with age,baseline PD and baseline eye axis length,respectively (β =0.060,P =0.019;β =-0.440,P<0.001;β =-0.37,P =0.045).The change in AMP of the atropine group was significantly correlated with the baseline adjustment range (β =-0.71,P<0.001).Conclusions 0.01% and 0.02% atropine show similar effects on pupil diameter and accommodation amplitude after 12 months of treatment in myopic children.
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Objective To assess the applicability of sound touch elastography ( ST E) and sound touch quantify ( ST Q ) in measuring liver and spleen stiffness . Methods One hundred and eighteen healthy volunteers were included and underwent ST E and ST Q . T he success rate ,variability and reproducibility of ST E and ST Q were analyzed . T he accurate sampling size and number of tests for liver ST Q were also analyzed . Results T he success rates ,variability ,reproducibility of ST E and ST Q in liver were 97 .5% and 99 .2% ,8 .7% and 12 .0% ,0 .917 and 0 .916 , respectively . While those with spleen were 76 .3% and 66 .9% ,12 .4% and 16 .4% ,0 .847 and 0 .706 ,respectively . The sampling size of 1 .5 cm×1 .0 cm yield the lowest variability ( 8 .5% ) ( F =6 .562 , P =0 .002) ,and there was no significant difference between results of detecting 5 times and 10 times( P =0 .571) . T he liver and spleen stiffness of ST E were 5 .75 kPa ( 95%CI :5 .60-5 .91 kPa) and 15 .58 kPa ( 95% CI :14 .99 -16 .16 kPa) . Conclusions The measurement of liver stiffness using both ST E and ST Q have a high success rate and low variability . However ,ST E is better than STQ in measuring spleen stiffness .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between maternal serum neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and placental inflammatory response (PIR) in late pregnancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data of 478 pregnant women undergoing routine prenatal examination and delivery in our hospital in the year 2016. According to the placental pathological results, the women were divided into PIR group (238 cases) and control group (240 cases). The levels of serum inflammatory makers including leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP) and NLR were compared between the two groups to analyze the association of these markers with PIR. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors of PIR. Logistic regression model was established and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used for analyzing the prognostic value of these makers in late pregnancy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The areas under the curve (AUC) of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, CRP and NLR were 0.698 (95%: 0.485-0.766), 0.716 (95%: 0.453-0.783), 0.329 (95%: 0.228-0.431), 0.725 (95%: 0.677-0.765) and 0.801 (95%: 0.742-0.856), respectively. After adjusting the confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preterm labor (OR=2.446, 95%: 1.003-4.590), premature rupture of membranes (OR=2.304, 95%: 1.049-4.161), NLR > 7 (OR=3.268, 95%: 2.071-6.920), and CRP > 15 mg/L (OR=2.137, 95%: 1.412-8.236) were independent risk factors for PIR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>An increased NLR in late pregnancy can serve as an effective indicator for predicting the risk of PIR.</p>