RESUMO
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease critical to human health. Its complications can lead to some organs and tis?sues damage and are the major cause of death in diabetic patients. As a new type of diagnosis and treatment ,microRNA(miRNA)play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. MiRNAs associated with diabetes are becoming an im?portant therapeutic target for diabetic complications. This review summarizes the effects of miRNAs on the pathogenesis of diabetic car?diomyopathy and diabetic nephropathy,and discusses its role in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
RESUMO
AIM:To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in erectile dysfunction of diabetic rats.METHODS:Type 2 diabetic rat model was established by 4 weeks of high-fat diet plus a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and continued high-fat diet feeding for 8 weeks.Corpus cavernosum was isolated from the rats under anesthetization,and the endothelium-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) was tested in an organ chamber to reflect erectile function.The level of ADMA in serum was detected.The NOS activity,nitric oxide (NO) content and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content in corpus cavernosum were measured.The protein expression of ADMA-NOS-NO pathway-related molecules and phosphodiesteras 5 (PDES) in the corpus cavernosum was detected by Western blot.Superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content were analyzed to evaluate oxidative stress.RESULTS:Elevated blood glucose and lowered insulin sensitivity were observed in the diabetic rats,indicating that type 2 diabetic rat model was successfully established.Compared with control group,the relaxation response to ACh of corpus cavernosum from diabetic rats was significantly decreased,which was accompanied with the elevation of serum ADMA level and reduction of NOS activity,NO content and cGMP content in the corpus cavernosum.The protein expression of ADMA-generating enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase 1 was up-regulated,while ADMA-metabolic enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases 1 and 2,and ADMA-targeting enzymes endothelial NOS and neuronal NOS were down-regulated.The protein expression of PDE5 was up-regulated,accompanied with an increase in oxidative stress in the corpus cavemosum of diabetic rats.Incubation of isolated corpus cavernosum from normal rats with NOS inhibitor ADMA induced the similar relaxation dysfunction of corpus cavemosum response to ACh and decreased NO and cGMP contents in diabetic rats.CONCLUSION:Elevated endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA plays an important role in erectile dysfunction of diabetic rats.The underlying mechanism may be related to the reduction of NO production and the increase in oxidative stress.
RESUMO
AIM:To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in erectile dysfunction of diabetic rats.METHODS:Type 2 diabetic rat model was established by 4 weeks of high-fat diet plus a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and continued high-fat diet feeding for 8 weeks.Corpus cavernosum was isolated from the rats under anesthetization,and the endothelium-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine (ACh) was tested in an organ chamber to reflect erectile function.The level of ADMA in serum was detected.The NOS activity,nitric oxide (NO) content and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content in corpus cavernosum were measured.The protein expression of ADMA-NOS-NO pathway-related molecules and phosphodiesteras 5 (PDES) in the corpus cavernosum was detected by Western blot.Superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content were analyzed to evaluate oxidative stress.RESULTS:Elevated blood glucose and lowered insulin sensitivity were observed in the diabetic rats,indicating that type 2 diabetic rat model was successfully established.Compared with control group,the relaxation response to ACh of corpus cavernosum from diabetic rats was significantly decreased,which was accompanied with the elevation of serum ADMA level and reduction of NOS activity,NO content and cGMP content in the corpus cavernosum.The protein expression of ADMA-generating enzyme protein arginine methyltransferase 1 was up-regulated,while ADMA-metabolic enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases 1 and 2,and ADMA-targeting enzymes endothelial NOS and neuronal NOS were down-regulated.The protein expression of PDE5 was up-regulated,accompanied with an increase in oxidative stress in the corpus cavemosum of diabetic rats.Incubation of isolated corpus cavernosum from normal rats with NOS inhibitor ADMA induced the similar relaxation dysfunction of corpus cavemosum response to ACh and decreased NO and cGMP contents in diabetic rats.CONCLUSION:Elevated endogenous NOS inhibitor ADMA plays an important role in erectile dysfunction of diabetic rats.The underlying mechanism may be related to the reduction of NO production and the increase in oxidative stress.