Effect of dentin surface treatments on the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement / 口腔疾病防治

@#Resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) has good physical, chemical and biological properties and is suitable for the treatment of deciduous caries, aged root surface caries and wedge-shaped defects. Surface treatment is a common method to improve bonding strength, which can improve physical and chemical retention between different components. This paper mainly introduces the current research status of the influence of different dentin surface treatment methods on the bonding strength of RMGIC. At present, the common dentin surface treatment methods are pretreatment, acid etching, laser treatment, etc. The pretreatment agent can improve the bond strength of RMGIC by increasing the surface area and porosity of dentin. The bond strength of RMGIC could be effectively improved after the dentin was treated by an acid-etching bonding system. The dentin was treated with a laser to obtain a higher bonding strength. However, whether the use of resin adhesives will affect the release of fluoride ions in RMGIC into the deep dentin and thus affect the repair effect also needs further research.

Clinical application of autogenous dentin as a bone graft material / 口腔疾病防治

@#Autogenous dentin is a promising biological material that can be used as a substitute for autologous bone. It has been used in postextraction site preservation, maxillary sinus floor elevation, and alveolar ridge augmentation. The clinical application methods of autologous dentin have showed great diversity without uniform standard. The present article reviewed the clinical application of autogenous dentin to provide new ideas for its future development. The literature review results show that dentin materials require several preparations before transplantation, among which the demineralization is a common chemical processing method. Demineralization can enhance the osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of dentin, but the complex and time-consuming operation process has limited its application to a certain extent. Partial demineralization may be a more appropriate choice. During transplantation, the morphology of dentin depends on the condition of the bone defect and the surgical method. Granular materials with different diameters are convenient for filling irregular defects. Block materials are conducive to maintaining the space of the reconstruction site. Hollow frame materials are slightly more complicated to process but can combine the advantages of granular and block grafts. In addition to being used alone, dentin can also be transplanted in combination with multiple biological materials. Platelet-rich plasma combined with dentin materials has shown ideal results in clinical studies. Plaster of paris and calcium phosphate ceramics have also been combined with dentin materials in animal experiments. But since they have not been applied in humans, their clinical effects require further research.

Clinical phenotype, laboratory examination, gene diagnosis and literature review for 3 children with phytosterolemia / 临床检验杂志

Objective@#To study the characteristics of clinical diagnosis and treatment for 3 children with phytosterolemia. @*Methods@#The different clinical manifestations of 3 children with phytosterolemia were retrospectively reviewed. The case 1 and case 2, who were 7 years and 2 months old twin sisters, hospitalized for frequent epistaxis and abdominal pain. The case 3, who was 5 years and 7 months old male, came to the hospital for cutaneous xanthoma. The phytosterol levels in serum of the children were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the second generation sequencing method was used to analyze the disease-causing gene. Sanger sequencing method was used to verify the ABCG5 gene mutation and parental source. @*Results@#(1) The case 1 and case 2 showed moderate anemia, raised reticulocytes, total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin as well as splenomegaly. The blood smear showed that there were more irregular red blood cells, such as oral red blood cells, increased large/giant platelets, and ristomycin-induced platelet aggregation test was decreased. The urine routine examination indicated that there was bleeding in the urinary system. The results of blood lipid test were almost normal. The case 3 showed mild anemia with normal shape of erythrocyte and normal size of spleen. The large/giant platelets increased. The results of platelet aggregation test, bilirubin and urine routine examination were in normal range, but the levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly. (2) The levels of serum phytosterol were significantly increased in all the 3 children. (3) Two heterozygous mutations were detectable in ABCG5 gene of case 1 and 2 which were complex heterozygous mutation, i.e., c.9041G＞A and c.751C＞T. The variations were from their father and mother respectively. In case 3, only one homozygous mutation was detectable in ABCG5 gene which originated from their parents. @*Conclusion@#When the child showed increased large/giant platelets, hemolytic anemia, erythrocytosis or xanthoma of skin and rised total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at first visit, the possibility of phytosterolemia should be considered. The blood phytosterol content and gene detection should be carried out as early as possible in order to treat early and improve prognosis.

Three strains ST1642 Escherichia coli producing NDM-5 carbapenemase from neonatal department / 临床检验杂志

Objective@#To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Escherichia coli producing NDM-5 carbapenemase in the neonatal department of our hospital. @*Methods@#Three carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains（E1, E2 and E3） isolated from neonatal ward of our hospital from August to September of 2017 were collected. Vitek 2 Compact system combined with K-B disk method was used for drug sensitivity test. The resistance genes were detected by PCR amplification. Plasmid replicon typing was detected by PCR. Plasmid conjugation tests were performed to explore the conjugating transfer of plasmids in the three strains. The homology of the three strains was analyzed by multiple locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). @*Results@#Drug susceptibility test showed that the three bacteria were resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics except Aztreonam, and resistant to quinolones and SMZ-TMP, but sensitive to aminoglycosides drugs. PCR and sequencing results indicated that the three strains carried bla SHV gene and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene (bla SHV , bla TEM and bla CTX-M ). The plasmid replicon type was IncX3. Transfer test of E1 strain was successful. MLST results indicated that all the three strains were ST1642 type. MLST and PFGE results indicated that the bands of the three bacteria were identical. @*Conclusion@#Both NDM-5 carbapenemase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase were detectable in the three strains of carbapenem-resistant bacteria from neonatal department. MLST and PFGE results suggested that the three strains were from the same clonal source.

Diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis of nerve cells via inhibition of calpain signaling pathway / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of diterpene ginkgolides meglumine injection(DGMI)on SH-SY5Y cells induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R), and to explore its mechanisms. After 4 h of OGD, the SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 25 mg/L DGMI for 1 h. The release of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)was measured by cytotoxicity detection kitplus. Cell apoptosis was detected by caspase-3/7 assays. Cell death was detected by ELISA. The concentration of ［Ca2+］i in cytoplasm was measured by Fluo-3 AM and the levels of calpain and cleaved capaease-12 were evaluated by western blot. As we expected, DGMI significantly decreased the release of LDH, the concentration of ［Ca2+］i, the protein levels of calpain and cleaved caspase-12. Furthermore, DGMI injection also attenuated the activities of caspase-3/7 and the contents of cytoplasmic histone-associated- DNA-fragments. These data demonstrated that the DGMI injection showed good anti-apoptotic effect in SH-SY5Y cells induced by OGD/R. The mechanisms may be associated with the inhibition of Ca2+/calpain/caspase-12/caspase-3 signaling pathway.

Effects of celastrol on the proliferation and apoptosis of human leukemia cells HL-60 and Jurkat / 中国药科大学学报

@#To determine the effects of celastrol on the proliferation and apoptosis of cell lines HL-60 and Jurkat in human leukemia. Human leukemia cell lines were treated with celastrol at different concentrations. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay; the apoptosis rate was detected by AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining; cell cycle was observed by PI staining; cell morphology was observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). Cell proliferation was inhibited by celastrol, with IC50 of(0. 46±1. 05)μmol/L and(0. 88±1. 13)μmol/L at 24 h. Celastrol induced cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The cell cycle distribution of G1 phase rate increased, S phase rate decreased(P< 0. 05)with typical cell apoptosis-induced morphological changes. Results showed that celastrol could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in human leukemia cell lines of HL-60 and Jurkat.

Advances in inhibitors of MDM2 and MDM4 / 中国药科大学学报

@#The protein p53 plays an important role in the regulation of DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, autophagy and metabolism. MDM2 and MDM4 are the key negative regulatory proteins of p53. Inhibition of MDM2 and MDM4 has become a research hotspot in cancer therapy. Currently, seven MDM2 inhibitors(RG7112, MI-77301, RG7388, AMG232, CGM097, MK-8242, DS-3032b)and one MDM2/MDM4 dual inhibitor(ALRN-6924)have entered clinical trials. This paper highlights small molecule discovery, pharmacological activities and clinical research advances of MDM2 inhibitors in clinical trials, in addition, this review introduces research advances of MDM2/MDM4 dual inhibitors.

Narghile Smoking among Jordanian Educated Working Women: Attitudes and Beliefs.

Aims: We estimated the number of users of tobacco, particularly narghile (water pipe) among a sample of women working at a higher education institute in Jordan. We also investigated the attitudes of narghile smokers to their habit, together with their willingness to stop NS; and finally their awareness to oral health and their perceptions about the harmful effects of NS. Study Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey whereby the sample was conveniently selected from all the faculties, institutes and centres of the University. Place and Duration of Study: University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan during July 2011. Methodology: Data were collected by allowing the participants to complete a preprepared questionnaire privately. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program. Results: Among the (96) participants, 24 ladies (25%) were smokers mostly (79.2%) of narghile. Demographic and social data of age, marital status, education level and number of children did not seem to affect smoking status. Friends and relatives were the main introducers and companions in narghile smoking (73.7%), and home was the main setting for the habit (68.4%). Whereas the hygienic practices related to narghile smoking were below the required level, narghile smokers reported a satisfactory level of oral health practices and were aware of the health risks associated with this habit. Conclusion: Narghile smoking is showing popularity among Jordanian educated working women who invariably have children. Social influences seem to be the major player in shaping women's smoking behavior, whereby close family and friends are the introducers and home is the favorable place for practicing the habit. Specific measures are needed to educate women, their husbands and children of the health hazards of narghile especially that children are adversely affected on different levels.