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@#Introduction: Tobacco production is increasing in certain regions of Indonesia due to its high economic value. Tobacco and its products can have harmful effects on the health of consumers, producers and processing workers. Analysis of blood samples has shown that tobacco farmers are at risk of developing occupational diseases related to pesticide exposure and nicotine absorption through the epidermis of wet tobacco leaves. The aim of this study was to compare blood cholinesterase levels in tobacco plantation workers in relation to their working hours and use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in ten subdistricts in Jember district, Indonesia, and included 50 participants selected using proportional sampling. Spearman’s test was used to analyse the relationship between variables. Results: The significance value of the relationship based on Spearman’s test between working hours and blood cholinesterase levels of tobacco farmers in Jember was 0.058 > α (0.05). Meanwhile, the significance value of the relationship between working hours and complete blood count, specifically mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), was 0.00 < α (0.05), and between PPE use and blood cholinesterase levels was 0.035 < α (0.05). Conclusion: Working hours were not associated with blood cholinesterase levels, but were associated with blood MCHC levels. Meanwhile, the use of PPE was found to be associated with cholinesterase levels in tobacco farmers.
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The limited number of self-monitoring blood glucose measurements is an obstacle for good metabolic control in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, continuous glucose measurement with real-time data and alarms is a recent technology that promises to improve the efficacy of treatment in diabetic patients. Guardian_RT uses a continuous telemetry display of real-time glucose values, and automatic alerts at preset hypo- and hyperglycaemic levels. Three calibrations a day are required, and the sensor must be changed every three days. The Guard Control study showed that, within three months, real-time continuous glucose monitoring with the Guardian_RT led to significantly improved HbA[1c] values in 162 poorly controlled patients [children and adults] with type 1 diabetes despite intensive insulin therapy. The continuous availability of glucose measurements permitted the patients to adjust their own insulin doses, food intake and physical activity and, thus, improve their glycaemic control. This report summarizes the available data on this tool and details how best to use this state-of-the-art modality in diabetic patients in clinical practice
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Humanos , PesquisaRESUMO
Este estudio se realizó en 30 dientes, todos terceros molares superiores, los cuales se prepararon con el método para aplicación de prótesis, para investigar daño pulpar. La pulpa como es sabido es un órgano sensible a cualquier agente externo; el tallado dental puede en alguna forma lesionar estructuras dentales (dentina, pulpa). Se determinaron los cambios ocurridos en la pulpa dental provocados por un desgaste protésico. El grupo se subdividió en 3 de 10 cada uno; en el primero se hizo extracción sin desgaste, en el segundo desgaste con diamante y extracción. La preparación de los órganos dentarios fue con irrigación constante; al término de la misma, se colocó una prótesis provisional de acrílico con matriz de acetato al vacío y cementado con óxido de zinc y eugenol. Por medio del microscopio de luz a las 24 horas post-tallado se pusieron en evidencia cambios histológicos que consistieron en congestión vascular, incremento de fibroblastos, fibras colágenas y datos inflamatorios sólo en uno de los grupos investigados que fue el rimado con carburo