RESUMO
Plant natural products (PNPs) are important sources of innovative drugs. They are mainly obtained by isolation or extraction from plants. Low content and with structural analogues in plants result in high production cost, which restricts the research and application of PNPs. While biopathway construction by synthetic biology provides an alternative for production of PNPs. By biosynthetic pathway analysis of PNPs and reconstructing the biopathway in microorganisms, we can produce PNPs in cell factories efficiently. Recently, several predominantly international reports about biosynthesis of PNPs and its synthetic biology production, triggered the researches of PNPs. Abundant traditional Chinese medicine resources and profound cultural heritage of Chinese medicine make biosynthesis pathway analysis of PNPs to be a research hotspot. And some of the studies have achieved significant progress. Here, recent progress in the biosynthesis of plant natural products and its synthetic biology was reviewed. In particular, the application of new methods and technologies in recent years were summarized and discussed. This will provide reference for the biopathway construction of plant natural products.
RESUMO
The importance of physician professionalism has been recognized by the medical profession .Resident training is a critical period for the formation of physician professionalism .In the standardized training phase of resident physicians can not only focus on medical knowledge and clinical skills , professionalism training and assessment is equally important .Europe and the United States developed countries to core competence-oriented resident standardized training trainees assessment system is very stressed the assess-ment of professionalism , and in China's assessment is still in its embryonic stage .According to the inadequacy of position evaluation sys-tem in standardized residency training , this paper developed an evaluation system on the basis of the P-MEX evaluation method after extensive literature reviews on the exprience and practice of other countries .Combined with the actual conditions in our country , this e-valuation system consists of five items of primary index including 'doctor-patient communication skills','management and teamwork a-bility','lifelong learning and research ability','professional attitude'and'practical ability in medical law and ethics'and forty items of secondary index as the main content of the evaluation system .
RESUMO
Teaching management is an important link in hospital training of high-quality medical talents and an indispensable part of the overall construction of hospitals.Aiming at the confusion of the teaching work and combined the teaching management practice of the hospital,we put forward "54321" teaching management model,introduced the operation and effectiveness of this model.In conclusion,we provide a way to further strengthen the teaching management for general hospitals.
RESUMO
The importance of physician professionalism has been recognized by the medical profession .Resident training is a critical period for the formation of physician professionalism .In the standardized training phase of resident physicians can not only focus on medical knowledge and clinical skills , professionalism training and assessment is equally important .Europe and the United States developed countries to core competence-oriented resident standardized training trainees assessment system is very stressed the assess-ment of professionalism , and in China's assessment is still in its embryonic stage .According to the inadequacy of position evaluation sys-tem in standardized residency training , this paper developed an evaluation system on the basis of the P-MEX evaluation method after extensive literature reviews on the exprience and practice of other countries .Combined with the actual conditions in our country , this e-valuation system consists of five items of primary index including 'doctor-patient communication skills','management and teamwork a-bility','lifelong learning and research ability','professional attitude'and'practical ability in medical law and ethics'and forty items of secondary index as the main content of the evaluation system .