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Aim To verify the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of the 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBd)on cerebral ischemia / reperfusion in vivo and in vitro. Methods The model of focal cerebral ischemi-a / reperfusion in rats was established by the suture-oc-clusion method. After reperfusion,neurological score and cerebral infarction rate were assessed. Meanwhile, after pretreatment with 4-HBd for 24 h,the primary cultured cortical neuron cells were exposed to oxygen glucose deprivation / reoxygenation (OGD/ Rep). The survival rate, MDA, SOD, NO, Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 concentrations were assessed. Results Pre-treatment with 4-HBd significantly decreased neurologi-cal score (P < 0. 05)and cerebral infarction rate (P <0. 01)in the cerebrum after MCAO/ R injury. Further-more,4-HBd significantly increased cell survival rate (P < 0. 05),decreased MDA content (P < 0. 05),in-creased SOD activity (P < 0. 05),decreased NO levels (P < 0. 05),decreased caspase-3 (P < 0. 05),in-creased Bcl-2 (P < 0. 05)but decreased Bax (P <0. 05)levels and therefore increased Bcl-2 / Bax ratio in the cerebrum after OGD/ R injury. Conclusions 4-HBd has significant protective effect on MCAO/ R rats, and the mechanism may be related to decreasing NO levels,Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3 and reducing neuronal apoptosis.
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Epigenetics comprises the modifications made in gene expressions without changing the DNA sequence itself. Significant epigenetic changes take place during spermatogenesis and fertilization and exert direct influences on embryogenesis. This article provides an overview of the latest researches on epigenetics of male germ cells and a brief discussion on the correlation of sperm with embryogenesis in four aspects: DNA methylation, histone modification, regulation of non-coding RNAs, and genomic imprinting.
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Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Metilação de DNA , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Epigênese Genética , Impressão Genômica , Histonas , Metabolismo , EspermatozoidesRESUMO
Objective To study the effect of shenfu injection on the neuron apoptosis in hippocampal CA1 region of newborn with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD).Methods The experiment included 2 parts.One was to measure the apoptosis rate by the flow cytometry,and the other was to investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax of neurons in left hippocampal CA1 region.Models of postnatal 7-day Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats with HIBD were established,and were equally divided into 4 groups:sham operation(group S),control group(group C),shenfu injection pretreatment(group P),and shenfu injection treatment(group SF).The neuron apoptosis rate in hippocampal CA1 region in every group was measured at 2 h before and 2,12,24 h,3,7,14 and 28 d after hypoxic ischemic(HI) insult.The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were performed by immunohisochemistry.Results The apoptosis of neuron in hippocampal CA1 region in group P and group SF after HI insult was significantly less than that of group C(P