Expert Consensus on Clinical Diseases Responding Specifically to Traditional Chinese Medicine： Threatened Abortion / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Threatened abortion is a common disease of obstetrics and gynecology and one of the diseases responding specifically to traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The China Association of Chinese Medicine organized experts in TCM obstetrics and gynecology， Western medicine obstetrics and gynecology， and pharmacology to deeply discuss the advantages of TCM and integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment as well as the medication plans for threatened abortion. After discussion， the experts concluded that chromosome， endocrine， and immune abnormalities were the key factors for the occurrence of threatened abortion， and the Qi and blood disorders in thoroughfare and conception vessels were the core pathogenesis. In the treatment of threatened abortion， TCM has advantages in preventing miscarriages， alleviating clinical symptoms and TCM syndromes， relieving anxiety， regulating reproductive endocrine and immune abnormalities， personalized and diversified treatment， enhancing efficiency and reducing toxicity， and preventing the disease before occurrence. The difficulty in diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with traditional Chinese and Western medicine lies in identifying the predictors of abortion caused by maternal factors and the treatment of thrombophilia. Recurrent abortion is the breakthrough point of treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. It is urgent to carry out high-quality evidence-based medicine research in the future to improve the modern diagnosis and treatment of threatened abortion with TCM.

Analysis on Components Absorbed into Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus Based on Sequential Metabolism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo identify the prototypical components and metabolites absorbed into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus（SCF） based on sequential metabolism combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. MethodBlood and cerebrospinal fluid samples of integrated metabolism， intestinal metabolism and hepatic metabolism were collected from male SD rats after gavage and in situ intestinal perfusion administration， and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used to analyze and compare the differences in the spectra of SCF extract， blank plasma， administered plasma， blank cerebrospinal fluid and administered cerebrospinal fluid with ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP18 column（2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.7 µm）， the mobile phase was acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B） for gradient elution（0-7 min， 95%B； 7-12 min， 95%-35%B； 12-17 min， 35%-15%B； 17-20 min， 15%-12%B； 20-22 min， 12%-5%B； 22-23 min， 5%B； 23-25 min， 5%-95%B； 25-28 min， 95%B）. And heated electrospray ionization（HESI） was used with positive and negative ion modes， the scanning range was m/z 100-1 500. The prototypical constituents and their metabolites absorbed into blood and cerebrospinal fluid of SCF were identified according to the retention time， characteristic fragments， molecular formulae and the information of reference substances. ResultA total of 42 chemical components were identified in the extract of SCF， including lignans， flavonoids， amino acids， tannins， and others， of which lignans were the main ones. A total of 27 prototypical components and 14 metabolites were identified in plasma samples from different sites. A total of 15 prototypical components and 9 metabolites were identified in cerebrospinal fluid. The main metabolic reactions involved in the formation of metabolites were mainly demethylation， methylation， demethoxylation and hydroxylation. ConclusionThrough the systematic identification of the prototypical components and metabolites of SCF in rats， it provides data support for further better exploring the material basis of SCF in the treatment of central nervous system diseases.

Evaluation of the effect of meteorological risk forecasting service intervention on acute onset and medical expenses of patients with COPD in Pudong New Area of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo evaluate the intervention effect of meteorological risk forecasting service on acute onset and medical expenses of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） patients， and to provide scientific basis for the establishment of health management model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） patients. MethodsStudy subjects were recruited from chronic obstructive pulmonary patients aged ≥40 in Pudong New Area. Propensity score matching method was used to determine the intervention group and the control group. The control group received regular health education and follow-up management， and the intervention group was provided with meteorological and environmental risk forecasting services through WeChat， mobile phone short message service（SMS）and telephone. Finally， a total of2 589 subjects were included in the analysis， including 1 300 in the intervention group and 1 289 in the control group. General demographic data， past medical history and family history of COPD， COPD related knowledge and practice survey， COPD related symptom assessment， acute onset， health service utilization and medical expenses before and after intervention were collected through questionnaire survey. The differences of acute attack， health service utilization and related medical expenses between the two groups before and after intervention were compared to evaluate the intervention effect. ResultsIn terms of acute attacks， after intervention， the incidence of acute attacks in the intervention group was lower than that before intervention（χ2=52.901， P<0.001）， and the incidence of acute attacks in the groups with different intervention methods was lower than that before intervention （P<0.001）. WeChat had the best effect， decreasing the incidence by 14.4%， followed by mobile phone SMS SMS decreasing by 12.3%. In terms of utilization of health services， the outpatient rate due to acute attack was lower in the intervention group after intervention than that before intervention （χ2=7.129， P=0.008）， and the outpatient rate due to acute attack was lower in the subjects who received the forecast service through mobile phone SMS than that before intervention （χ2=4.675， P<0.001）. In terms of medical expenses， there was no significant difference between control group and intervention group with different intervention methods before intervention （P>0.05）. After intervention， the difference between the control group and the intervention group with different intervention methods was statistically significant （H=11.864， P<0.05）. The results of multiple comparisons showed that compared with the control group， the average annual medical expenses of patients receiving mobile phone SMS and telephone forecasting services after intervention were lower than those of the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. ConclusionMeteorological risk forecasting service can reduce the acute onset of COPD， reduce the rate of consultation and medical expenses due to acute onset， and provide scientific basis for the basic COPD health management model.

Survival rate and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with bacterial infection / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the short-term survival and prognostic quality of life of patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by bacterial infection. Methods This study collected and analyzed 300 patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with infection who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, and followed up to discuss their survival and quality of life. Results In this study, the top two causes of infection were spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (60.67% of patients) and pneumonia (50.67% of patients). The second causes were urinary tract infections (15.33%), gastrointestinal infections (12.33%), and other causes. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients (P>0.05). In addition, the proportion of hospital infections was 71.00%, and there was no statistically significant difference between male and female patients (P>0.05). A total of 353 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated in this study (73.37% of patients with hospital infections). The distribution analysis of pathogenic bacteria showed that the highest proportion of ECO was 35.98%, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.98%). The distribution trend of 259 strains of pathogenic bacteria among hospital patients was consistent with that of all strains, and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Gram negative bacteria accounted for 79.60% (281/353) of all detected strains, of which Escherichia coli was mostly detected in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, Klebsiella Pneumoniae (KPN) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) were mostly detected in patients with pneumonia, and Enterococcus (ENF) was mostly detected in patients with urinary tract infection; Among gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis (SEP) and Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) are mostly found in patients with other infectious causes (blood flow infection, etc.) , and Streptococcus (STR) accounts for a high proportion in patients with Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In this study, 9 cases of death prognosis were detected during follow-up, and there was no statistically significant difference in the detection of death prognosis between different bacterial strains in both genders, as well as the difference in detection of death prognosis between hospital infections and out of hospital infections in both genders (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the detection of death prognosis between males and females due to different causes of infection, P>0.05. The quality of life scores of 291 surviving patients were compared between baseline and follow-up, indicating an increase in follow-up scores, especially in the dimensions of physiological function and physical pain. There was no statistically significant difference between different bacterial strains, infection causes, and hospital/non hospital infections (P>0.05) . Conclusion Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and pneumonia are the main causes of infection that deserve special attention, and the main pathogens of infection are Gram negative bacteria. Targeted treatment and rehabilitation should be provided for patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by infection. At the same time, the proportion of hospital infections is relatively high, and attention should be paid to, prevention and control measures should be implemented as well.

Epidemic characteristics and prediction of varicella in Chongqing in 2014-2020 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of varicella in Chongqing from 2014 to 2020, and to provide evidence for the development of scientific and effective varicella control strategies. Methods Data on the outbreak of varicella and vaccination in Chongqing from 2014 to 2020 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and descriptive epidemiological methods were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 181 551 cases of varicella were reported in Chongqing from 2014 to 2020, with an average annual incidence rate of 83.79 per 100 000. The incidence rate of varicella increased from 39.95 per 100 000 in 2014 to 81.88 per 100 000 in 2020 (P < 0.001). The incidence of varicella was seasonal, with the peak periods occurring from May to June and from October to December each year. The average annual incidence rate in municipal districts was 88.90/100 000, higher than 67.42/100 000 in counties and 82.50/100 000 in autonomous counties. The average annual incidence rate of varicella in males (87.13/100 000) was higher than that in females (80.38/100 000). The incidence of varicella was mainly distributed in people under 15 years old, with 143 508 cases (79.10%) reported, and the highest incidence age was 5-9 years old (37.00%). Among the affected occupations , 133 733 cases (62.6%) were students , 39 274 cases (18.40%) were children in nursery care, and 17 963 cases (8.4%) were scattered children. The actual number of doses of varicella vaccine from 2014 to 2020 was 2 302 522 doses, with the coverage rates of one-dose and two-dose vaccines being 75.56% and 32.17%, respectively. ARIMA predicted that there would be 2 604, 811, 756, 1 226, 2 405, 3 904, 2 410, 1 211, 2 034, 6 878, 10 887, and 8 955 cases of varicella from January to December 2021. Conclusion The incidence of varicella in Chongqing is on the rise, with obvious seasonal, regional and population distribution characteristics. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of varicella epidemic, strengthen the prevention and control measures of key groups and key institutions in the high incidence season, strengthen the publicity of varicella vaccine, and improve the vaccination rate of two-doses of varicella vaccine for eligible children.

Research progress in the treatment of early Alzheimer's disease with lecanemab / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Lecanemab is a new drug used to treat early Alzheimer's disease (AD) with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia. It is a human anti-Aβ fibril monoclonal IgG1 antibody, which is injected intravenously into the patient, through the blood-brain barrier into the brain, clearing amyloid plaque, thereby slowing the rate of cognitive decline in patients and delaying disease progression. This article reviews the pharmacological studies, clinical studies, safety and limitations of lecanemab, in order to help clinical understand the current research status and existing achievements of this drug.

High-quality acceleration of the Chinese national schistosomiasis elimination programme to advance the building of Healthy China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

The goal of achieving elimination of schistosomiasis across all endemic counties in China by 2030 was proposed in the Outline of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. On June 16, 2023, the Action Plan to Accelerate the Elimination of Schistosomiasis in China (2023—2030) was jointly issued by National Disease Control and Prevention Administration and other 10 ministries, which deployed the targets and key tasks of the national schistosomiasis elimination programme in China. This article describes the progress of the national schistosomiasis control programme, analyzes the opportunities to eliminate schistosomiasis, and proposes targeted recommendations to tackle the challenges of schistosomiasis elimination, so as to accelerate the process towards schistosomiasis elimination and facilitate the building of a healthy China.

Analysis of Inhibitory Effect of Berberine Compounds on Acetylcholinesterase and Blood-brain Barrier Permeability / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo examine the inhibitory effects of berberine compounds， including columbamine， on acetylcholinesterase from the perspectives of drug-target binding affinity and kinetics and explore the blood-brain barrier （BBB） permeability of these compounds in different multi-component backgrounds. MethodThe median inhibitory concentration （IC50） of acetylcholinesterase by berberine compounds including columbamine was measured using the Ellman-modified spectrophotometric method. The binding kinetic parameters （Koff） of these compounds with acetylcholinesterase were determined using the enzyme activity recovery method. A qualitative analysis of the ability of these components to penetrate the BBB and arrive at the brain tissue in diverse multi-component backgrounds （including medicinal herbs and compound formulas） was conducted using ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-HRMS）. ResultBerberine compounds， including columbamine， exhibited strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase， with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Moreover， they displayed better drug-target binding kinetics characteristics （with smaller Koff values） than the positive control of donepezil hydrochloride （P<0.01）， indicating a longer inhibition duration of acetylcholinesterase. Berberine components such as columbamine could penetrate the BBB to arrive at brain tissue in the form of a monomer， as well as in the multi-component backgrounds of Coptis and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex medicinal extracts and the compound formula Huanglian Jiedutang. ConclusionThese berberine compounds such as columbamine exhibit a strong inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and can arrive at brain tissue in multi-component backgrounds. In the level of pharmacological substance， this supports the clinical efficacy of compound Huanglian Jiedutang in improving Alzheimer's disease， providing data support for elucidating the pharmacological basis of compound Huanglian Jiedutang.

Role and mechanism of action of Yinchenhao Decoction in inhibiting ferroptosis of hepatocytes in mice with autoimmune hepatitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the role and mechanism of action of Yinchenhao Decoction in inhibiting ferroptosis of hepatocytes in mice with autoimmune hepatitis. MethodsA total of 18 specific pathogen-free female C57BL/6 mice were selected and divided into normal group， model group， and treatment group using a random number table， with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the model group and the treatment group were injected with concanavalin A （Con A） via the caudal vein to establish a mouse model of autoimmune hepatitis， and those in the normal group were injected with normal saline. The mice in the treatment group were given prophylactic treatment with Yinchenhao Decoction （4.68 g crude drug/kg） by gavage at 14 days before modeling， and Con A was injected after the last gavage. The levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， interferon gamma （IFN-γ）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， iron ion， glutathione （GSH）， reactive oxygen species （ROS）， adenosine triphosphate （ATP）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） were measured； liver index and spleen index were calculated； the expression levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11 were measured； liver histopathological changes were compared between groups. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between three groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group had significant increases in liver index， spleen index， ALT， AST， IFN-γ， TNF-α， iron ion， ROS and MDA （all P<0.05） and significant reductions in the content of GSH and ATP and the protein expression levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11 （all P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the treatment group had significant reductions in liver index， spleen index， ALT， AST， IFN-γ， TNF-α， iron ion， ROS and MDA （all P<0.05） and significant increases in the content of GSH and ATP and the protein expression levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11 （all P<0.05）. HE staining showed that compared with the normal group， the model group showed massive hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis and inflammatory cell aggregation at the portal area， and compared with the model group， the treatment group had alleviation of liver necrosis and inflammatory infiltration. ConclusionLiver injury induced by Con A may be associated with ferroptosis. Yinchenhao Decoction can increase the protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein and thus inhibit ferroptosis of hepatocytes induced by Con A.

Clinical Observation on Rongjin Tongbi Decoction in Treating Sciatica Caused by Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation with Liver and Kidney Deficiency Type / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Rongjin Tongbi decoction on sciatica caused by lumbar intervertebral disc herniation with liver and kidney deficiency type based on a randomized controlled study. MethodFrom January 2019 to July 2022， 90 patients in the department of Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital who met the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into two groups according to the random number table， with 45 patients in each group. During the study， 19 cases dropped out， with 41 cases included in the final observation group and 30 cases in the control group. The observation group was given Rongjin Tongbi decoction orally， and the control group was given Loxoprofen Sodium Tablets orally for 28 days. The differences in the visual analog scale （VAS） scores， the Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） scores， activities of daily living （ADL） assessments， TCM clinical symptoms， subjective symptoms， and clinical signs scores between two groups before and after treatment were observed. Liver and kidney functions and gastrointestinal adverse reactions were detected for safety evaluation. ResultBefore treatment， there was no statistically significant difference in scores between the observation group and the control group. After treatment， the absolute values of the differences in VAS and ADL scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the absolute value of the difference in JOA scores between two groups. The absolute value of the difference in TCM clinical symptom scores in the observation group was higher than that in the control group （P<0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in the absolute values of the differences in subjective symptom and clinical sign scores between two groups. The levels of liver and kidney function indicators in both groups before and after the experiment were normal， and there was no significant difference in gastrointestinal reactions. ConclusionRongjin Tongbi decoction can significantly improve the symptoms of sciatica patients caused by lumbar intervertebral disc herniation with liver and kidney deficiency type. After treatment， the patients exhibited significant improvements in pain， activity and other aspects， and it is proven to be safe and reliable， which is conducive to the recovery of physical function.

A review of structural modification and biological activities of oleanolic acid / 中国天然药物

Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Since its initial isolation and identification, numerous studies have reported on the structural modifications and pharmacological activities of OA and its derivatives. Despite this, there has been a dearth of comprehensive reviews in the past two decades, leading to challenges in subsequent research on OA. Based on the main biological activities of OA, this paper comprehensively summarized the modification strategies and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of OA and its derivatives to provide valuable reference for future investigations into OA.

Clinical manifestations and vision-related quality of life in pediatric uveitis

Purpose: To analyze clinical manifestations, visual ability, and quality of life in pediatric uveitis and to explore factors affecting visual ability and quality of life. Methods: This cross?sectional study included 40 patients with pediatric uveitis in the database of Ophthalmology of Peking University First Hospital. All patients completed the Cardiff visual ability questionnaire for children (CVAQC) and pediatric quality of life inventory measurement models (PedsQL4.0). Results: A total of 40 cases (68 eyes) with pediatric uveitis were included in this study. Better visual acuity in the better eye was predictive of lower CVAQC, education, and distance vision scores. Better visual acuity in the worse eye was predictive of a lower CVAQC score and distance vision. Better CVAQC scores were predictive of lower PedsQL4.0, physical health, psychosocial health, and school functioning scores. Conclusion: Patients with pediatric uveitis tend to be seriously affected by ocular complications. The visual ability of patients with pediatric uveitis decreases significantly. Better visual acuity in the better eye is associated with better total visual ability, education, and distance vision. Better visual acuity in the worse eye is associated with better total visual ability and distance vision. Health?related quality of life is related to vision ability in pediatric uveitis

Prevalence of Echinococcus infection in small mammals captured from Shiqu County, Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infection in small mammals in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control in Shiqu County. Methods One setting with frequent activity of small mammals was sampled as the survey site from each of 9 townships where human alveolar echinococcosis was hyperendemic, in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020. Two quadrats measuring 50 m × 50 m were assigned in each survey site during the period between July and August from 2015 to 2020 to capture all small mammals in quadrats, and the species of small mammals were identified by morphological characteristics. All captured small mammals were dissected in the field and Echinococcus infection was identified by visual examinations. The affected organs of Echinococcus-infected small mammals were collected, and Echinococcus infection was detected using PCR assay, with Echinococcus species characterized. The prevalence of Echinococcus infection was calculated in small mammals, and the trends in the prevalence of Echinococcus infection were analyzed during the period from 2015 to 2020. In addition, the prevalence of Echinococcus infection was compared in small mammals using visual examinations and PCR assay. Results A total of 2 692 small mammals were captured in the survey sites of Shiqu County from 2015 to 2020, and morphology characterized 1 360 Microtus fuscus (50.52%) and 1 332 Plateau pika (49.48%). The prevalence rates of Echinococcus infection were 35.63%, 19.16%, 21.41%, 8.40%, 7.68% and 4.44% by visual examinations and 18.96%, 5.36%, 5.61%, 4.58%, 3.30% and 0.37% by PCR assay in small mammals in Shiqu County from 2015 to 2020, both showing a tendency towards a decline year by year (χ2 = 215.024 and 117.045, both P values < 0.001). The prevalence of Echinococcus infection was significantly higher in small mammals by visual examinations than by PCR assay during the period from 2015 to 2020 except in 2018 (χ2= 33.597, 21.815, 51.373, 17.268 and 9.537, all P values < 0.01). PCR assay detected a reduction in the prevalence of E. multilocularis infection from 10.21% to 0.37% and a reduction in the prevalence of E. shiquicus infection from 8.75% to 0 in small mammals in Shiqu County from 2015 to 2020, both appearing a tendency towards a decline year by year (χ2 = 117.045 and 43.436, both P values < 0.001). In addition, the prevalence of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus infections reduced from 15.19% to 0.45% and from 8.23% to 0 in M. fuscus, and the prevalence of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus infections reduced from 7.76% to 0 and from 9.01% to 0 in P. pika in Shiqu County from 2015 to 2020. Conclusions M. fuscus and P. pika were dominant species of small mammals in Shiqu County, Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2020, and E. multilocularis infection was mainly found in M. fuscus and E. shiquicus infection mainly found in P. pika. The prevalence of Echinococcus infection appeared a tendency towards a decline in both M. fuscus and P. pika year by year during the period from 2015 to 2020.

Role of PI3K in systolic dysfunction of hiPSC-CMs induced by sunitinib / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K） on sunitinib-induced myocardial systolic dysfunction. METHODS Using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes （hiPSC-CMS） as objects， the contractile force of cardiomyocytes was measured by CardioExcyte 96 system， and IC50 of sunitinib was calculated after hiPSC- CMS were treated with sunitinib at different concentrations [0 （control）， 0.5， 1， 3， 5， 10 μmol/L] for 24 hours. The effects of sunitinib （3.14 μmol/L） on the contractile frequency of cardiomyocytes， calcium transient amplitude and calcium transient recovery time course， mRNA expression of myocardial injury markers atrial natriuretic peptide （ANP）， brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） and β-myosin heavy chain （β-MHC） were detected. PI3K activator 3，4，5-triphosphate phos-phatidylinositol （PIP3， 1 μmol/L） and sunitinib were used to intervene in hiPSC-CMs jointly， so as to investigate the role of PI3K in the myocardial systolic dysfunction induced by sunitinib. RESULTS Sunitinib inhibited the contractile force of hiPSC-CMs in a concentration-dependent manner. IC50 of sunitinib was 3.14 μmol/L. After intervention with 3.14 μmol/L sunitinib， the contractile frequency of hiPSC-CMs and calcium transient amplitude were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）； the duration of calcium transient recovery was prolonged significantly （P＜0.05）， and mRNA expressions of ANP， BNP and β-MHC were significantly increased （P＜0.01）. After PI3K was activated with PIP3， the contractile force of hiPSC-CMs was increased significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Activating PI3K activity is a potential molecular mechanism to improve myocardial toxicity induced by sunitinib.

Research progress on the relationship between serum uric acid and sarcopenia / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective With the deepening of population aging, sarcopenia has become an important public health problem affecting the health and quality of life of the elderly population. As the end-product of purine metabolism in human body, uric acid has dual effects of anti-oxidation, pro-oxidation and pro-inflammatory reaction , which affects the occurrence and development of sarcopenia to a certain extent. This paper reviews the research progress of serum uric acid and sarcopenia. Methods PubMed database, Web of Science core collection database, Embase database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang database were searched for literatures on the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level and sarcopenia up to February 7, 2022, and then reviewed. Results A total of 4 epidemiological studies were found on serum uric acid levels and the risk of sarcopenia. Among them, 3 studies found that SUA within a certain level range was a protective factor for sarcopenia, and 1 study suggested that the risk of sarcopenia increased with the increase of SUA levels. There was a gender difference between serum uric acid level and sarcopenia risk. Conclusion At present, the results of studies on the relationship between serum uric acid levels and the risk of sarcopenia are still controversial, which may be caused by the different effects of uric acid in human body. In the future , more extensive and in-depth studies are needed to investigate the relationship between the two.

Epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the development of the brucellosis control strategy.@*Methods@#The epidemiological and clinical data of brucellosis patients and epidemiological data of brucellosis outbreaks in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021 were collected from Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and the epidemiological features and outbreaks of brucellosis were analyzed descriptively.@*Results@#Totally 160 brucellosis patients were reported in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021, and the incidence of brucellosis appeared a tendency towards a rise (χ2trend=28.564, P=0.002), with annual mean incidence of 0.29/105. No deaths due to brucellosis occurred in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021. Brucellosis cases were reported each month, which were concentrated in the first and second quarters, and the greatest number was seen in May (27 cases, 16.88%). The brucellosis cases were predominantly reported in Tongxiang City (114 cases, 71.25%), and 75.00% were male (120 cases) and 70.63% were occupational populations (113 cases). The patients had a median (interquartile range) age of 57 (12) years at onset, and the median duration (interquartile range) from onset to definitive diagnosis was 18 (28) days. The clinical manifestations mainly included fever and weakness, and a total of 18 Brucella melitensis isolates and one B. bovis isolate were cultured.@*Conclusions@#The incidence of brucellosis was rising in Jiaxing City from 2010 to 2021. The brucellosis patients were predominantly reported in Tongxiang City in the first and second quarters, and young, middle-aged men and occupational populations were at a high risk of brucellosis.

Progress in research of etiology of childhood obesity based on interaction between genes and environment / 中华流行病学杂志

Childhood obesity is a global public health problem, which can not only endangers children's health, but also might be an important cause of chronic diseases in adulthood. In recent years, with the in-depth development of precision medicine research, more and more research evidences have shown that there are interactions between environmental factors, such as early intrauterine environment, children's diet, physical activity and children's gene factor on the incidence of childhood obesity, which can result in or inhibit the incidence and development of childhood obesity. This paper summarizes the progress in research in this field to reveal the effects and potential mechanisms of genetic factors and environmental factors on the incidence of childhood obesity in order to provide reference for the precise prevention and control of childhood obesity under different genetic backgrounds.

Analysis of the causes of long-standing pelvic anterior sacral space infection and discussion of management techniques / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the causes and management of long-term persistent pelvic presacral space infection. Methods: Clinical data of 10 patients with persistent presacral infection admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2015 to October 2020 were collected. Different surgical approaches were used to treat the presacral infection according to the patients' initial surgical procedures. Results: Among the 10 patients, there were 2 cases of presacral recurrent infection due to rectal leak after radiotherapy for cervical cancer, 3 cases of presacral recurrent infection due to rectal leak after radiotherapy for rectal cancer Dixons, and 5 cases of presacral recurrent infection of sinus tract after adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer Miles. Of the 5 patients with leaky bowel, 4 had complete resection of the ruptured nonfunctional bowel and complete debridement of the presacral infection using an anterior transverse sacral incision with a large tipped omentum filling the presacral space; 1 had continuous drainage of the anal canal and complete debridement of the presacral infection using an anterior transverse sacral incision. 5 post-Miles patients all had debridement of the presacral infection using an anterior transverse sacral incision combined with an abdominal incision. The nine patients with healed presacral infection recovered from surgery in 26 to 210 days, with a median time of 55 days. Conclusions: Anterior sacral infections in patients with leaky gut are caused by residual bowel secretion of intestinal fluid into the anterior sacral space, and in post-Miles patients by residual anterior sacral foreign bodies. An anterior sacral caudal transverse arc incision combined with an abdominal incision is an effective surgical approach for complete debridement of anterior sacral recalcitrant infections.

Epididymis cell atlas in a patient with a sex development disorder and a novel NR5A1 gene mutation / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study aims to characterize the cell atlas of the epididymis derived from a 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD) patient with a novel heterozygous mutation of the nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 (NR5A1) gene. Next-generation sequencing found a heterozygous c.124C>G mutation in NR5A1 that resulted in a p.Q42E missense mutation in the conserved DNA-binding domain of NR5A1. The patient demonstrated feminization of external genitalia and Tanner stage 1 breast development. The surgical procedure revealed a morphologically normal epididymis and vas deferens but a dysplastic testis. Microfluidic-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis found that the fibroblast cells were significantly increased (approximately 46.5%), whereas the number of main epididymal epithelial cells (approximately 9.2%), such as principal cells and basal cells, was dramatically decreased. Bioinformatics analysis of cell-cell communications and gene regulatory networks at the single-cell level inferred that epididymal epithelial cell loss and fibroblast occupation are associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. The present study provides a cell atlas of the epididymis of a patient with 46,XY DSD and serves as an important resource for understanding the pathophysiology of DSD.

Neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula on diabetes mellitus complicated with depression model rats based on CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis / 中国中药杂志

Based on the CX3C chemokine ligand 1(CX3CL1)-CX3C chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1) axis, this study explored the potential mechanism by which Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula(ZGJTJY) improved neuroinflammation and enhanced neuroprotective effect in a rat model of diabetes mellitus complicated with depression(DD). The DD rat model was established by feeding a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin(STZ) intraperitoneal injection for four weeks and chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) combined with isolated cage rearing for five weeks. The rats were divided into a control group, a model group, a positive control group, an inhibitor group, and a ZGJTJY group. The open field test and forced swimming test were used to assess the depression-like behaviors of the rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was performed to measure the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in plasma. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1(Iba1), postsynaptic density protein-95(PSD95), and synapsin-1(SYN1) in the hippocampus. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, Nissl staining, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) fluorescence staining were performed to assess hippocampal neuronal damage. Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, A2A adenosine receptor(A2AR), glutamate receptor 2A(NR2A), glutamate receptor 2B(NR2B), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampus. Compared with the model group, the ZGJTJY group showed improved depression-like behaviors in DD rats, enhanced neuroprotective effect, increased expression of PSD95, SYN1, and BDNF(P<0.01), and decreased expression of Iba1, IL-1β, and TNF-α(P<0.01), as well as the expression of CX3CL1, CX3CR1, A2AR, NR2A, and NR2B(P<0.01). These results suggest that ZGJTJY may exert its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis and activation of hippocampal microglia, thereby improving neuroinflammation and abnormal activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR) subunits, and ultimately enhancing the expression of synaptic-related proteins PSD95, SYN1, and BDNF in the hippocampus.