Perception of Medical Students Regarding Implementing Telemedicine Practice Activities at a University Center in Brazil / Percepção de Estudantes de Medicina sobre a Implementação de Vivências em Telemedicina em um Centro Universitário do Brasil

Objective: evaluate medical students' perceptions regarding implementing Telemedicine teaching during their undergraduate studies. Methods: this is a cross-sectional qualitative study with 30 medical students. Three focus group sessions were conducted, and the data were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Results/Discussion: the students recognized the importance of digital health strategies and digital information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the healthcare ecosystem. However, some students pointed out that this area is still challenging for some doctors who oppose Telemedicine. They reported a need for training professionals and students, emphasizing the need to improve skills and competencies for teleconsultation and other Telemedicine modalities. They stated that these experiences helped them enhance their empathy skills for establishing a good doctor-patient relationship. When referring to the negative aspects of the experiences, they mentioned the dependence on reliable internet connection and digital tools. Another limitation mentioned was the difficulty in conducting specific physical examination components. Conclusions: the students experienced Telemedicine activities in a safe healthcare environment, learning about the bioethical principles for responsible teleconsultations, understanding the limiting factors of the method, and having the opportunity to improve skills and competencies for their future professional practice.

Objetivo: avaliar a percepção dos estudantes de Medicina quanto à implementação do ensino da Telemedicina durante a graduação. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo transversal com 30 alunos do curso de Medicina. Foram realizadas três sessões de grupos focais e os dados foram analisados através de uma abordagem de análise de conteúdo. Resultados/Discussão: os estudantes reconheceram a importância das estratégias de Saúde Digital e das Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) para o ecossistema de saúde. Contudo, alguns estudantes apontaram que esta área ainda é um desafio para alguns médicos que se opõem à prática da Telemedicina. Relataram a necessidade de capacitação de profissionais e estudantes, enfatizando a necessidade de aprimoramento de habilidades e competências para teleconsultas e outras modalidades de Telemedicina. Afirmaram que as vivências os ajudaram a melhorar as suas capacidades de empatia para estabelecer uma boa relação médico-paciente. Ao se referirem aos aspectos negativos das atividades, mencionaram a dependência de conexão confiável à internet e de ferramentas digitais. Outra limitação citada foi a dificuldade na realização de etapas específicas do exame físico. Conclusões: os estudantes vivenciaram as atividades de Telemedicina em um ambiente de saúde seguro, conhecendo os princípios bioéticos para a prática de teleconsultas responsáveis, compreendendo os fatores limitantes do método e tendo a oportunidade de aprimorar habilidades e competências para a sua futura prática profissional.

Ethical Issues in the Development of Smart Healthcare / 中国医学伦理学

Smart healthcare is the outcome of integration and application of the internet, Internet of things (IOT), big data analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) in the medical field. Smart healthcare has been developed rapidly in China. However, smart healthcare has both advantages and risks, thus, it faces challenges and ethical issues in practice. Technological restrictions of smart healthcare increase the risk of privacy disclosure and delayed treatment. Besides, it also induce some ethical issues.Smart healthcare turns the "justice" issue of regional equity into the population equity of medical benefits. In addition, balancing between humanities and science technology should be considered. Smart healthcare should follow the basic ethical principles and the experience of clinical medical ethics. To give full play to the advantages of smart healthcare, the ethical challenges during its development must be regulated at the legal level, and simultaneously governed through ethical norms and guidance.

Comunicação e saúde: reflexões sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde em Palmas ­ TO e a saúde digital durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Communication and health: reflections on the Unified Health System in Palmas ­ TO and digital health during the covid-19 pandemic / Comunicación y salud: reflexiones sobre el Sistema Único de Salud en Palmas ­ TO y la salud digital durante la pandemia de covid-19

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o papel da saúde digital no acesso à saúde pública no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde durante a pandemia de covid-19 em Palmas ­ TO. Para tanto, adotou-se como referencial teórico os pressupostos do campo Comunicação & Saúde e, como forma de análise, o método denominado Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, que busca compreender os modos de pensar de um grupo social sobre dado tema. Neste caso, trata-se de moradores do condomínio Residencial Parque da Praia, situado em Palmas. Também se procurou entender em que medida essas pessoas estão inseridas no mundo tecnológico ou são excluídas dele, e qual a percepção delas sobre saúde digital, Sistema Único de Saúde, direito à saúde e à comunicação. O grupo se considera relativamente informado sobre esses temas e a maioria faz uso, no cotidiano, das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação e da internet. Entretanto, observou-se que a saúde digital é uma realidade ainda distante para essa comunidade

The purpose of this article is to reflect on the role of digital health in the access to public health in the context of the Unified Health System during the covid-19 pandemic in Palmas ­ TO. In order to do this, the assumptions of the Communication & Health field were adopted as a theoretical framework and the method called Collective Subject Discourse was used as a form of analysis. This method seeks to understand the ways of thinking of a social group on a given topic. In the case examined here, the group is constituted by residents of the Residencial Parque da Praia condominium, situated in Palmas. We also sought to understand to what extent these people are included in or excluded from the technological world and their perception of digital health, the Unified Health System, the right to health and communication. The group considers itself relatively informed about these topics and the majority of those residents use Information and Communication Technologies as well as the internet in their daily live. However, it was observed that digital health is still a distant reality for this community

El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre el papel de la salud digital en el acceso a la salud pública en el contexto del Sistema Único de Salud durante la pandemia de covid-19 en Palmas ­ TO. Para hacer eso, se adoptó como marco teórico los presupuestos del campo de Comunicación y Salud y, como forma de análisis, el método denominado Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo, que busca comprender las formas de pensar de un grupo social acerca de un tema determinado. En el caso abordado en este artículo, el grupo es constituido por residentes del condominio Residencial Parque da Praia, situado en Palmas. También buscamos comprender en qué medida estas personas están incluidas en el mundo tecnológico o son excluidas de él, y su percepción sobre la salud digital, el SUS, el derecho a la salud y a la comunicación. El grupo se considera relativamente informado sobre esos temas y su mayoría utiliza las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones y la internet en su vida diaria. Sin embargo, se observó que la salud digital es aún una realidad lejana para esta comunidad

Atención primaria de salud en la lucha contra el COVID-19 en Cuba / Primary health care in Cuba in the fight against COVID-19

Introducción: El coronavirus es una infección viral respiratoria nueva que se convirtió en una pandemia. La comunidad científica global sugirió la implementación de medidas preventivas ante el riesgo de contagio de la población. En Cuba, desde el inicio de la pandemia, el papel de la atención primaria de salud ha sido la prevención y el control de la epidemia, a través de un modelo de medicina familiar y comunitaria con mirada territorial e intersectorial. Objetivo: Profundizar sobre el papel desempeñado por la atención primaria de salud en la lucha contra el COVID-19 en Cuba. Métodos: Se consultaron un total de 27 referencias bibliográficas actualizadas sobre el tema, consistentes en revistas digitales y artículos de Internet en sitios científicos como PubMed, SciELO, Google Académico y Medline. Se utilizaron palabras claves de buscadores como: atención primaria de salud, COVID-19, pesquisa, estrategias, prevención, ciencias médicas, entre otras; se descartaron las que no se correspondían con la temática a estudiar. Conclusiones: En Cuba, la búsqueda activa de personas con sintomatología de infección respiratoria aguda y sus contactos se hace a través de los servicios de atención primaria comunitaria; esta ha demostrado ser uno de los pilares principales en el control y manejo del COVID-19. La pesquisa activa ayuda a identificar el estado de salud individual en grupos de población y a descubrir tempranamente, la morbilidad oculta, y constituye la principal opción para apoyar el trabajo del médico y la enfermera de las familias en Cuba.

Introduction: the coronavirus is a new respiratory viral infection that has become a pandemic. The global scientific community suggested the implementation of preventive measures in view of the risk of contagion of the population. In Cuba, since the beginning of the pandemic, the role of primary health care has been the prevention and control of the epidemic through a family and community medicine model with a territorial and intersectoral perspective. Objective: to deepen the role played by primary health care in Cuba in the fight against COVID-19. Methods: a total of 27 updated bibliographical references on the subject were consulted, consisting of digital journals and Internet articles published on scientific sites such as PubMed, SciELO, Google Scholar and Medline. Primary health care, COVID-19, screening, strategies, prevention, medical sciences, among others were the search engine keywords used; those that did not correspond to the theme to be studied were discarded. Conclusions: the active screening for people with symptoms of acute respiratory infection and their contacts is done in Cuba through the community primary care services; this has proven to be one of the main pillars in the control and management of COVID-19. Active screening helps to identify individual health status in population groups and discover hidden morbidity early, as well as constitutes the cornerstone executed by Cuba to support the work of family doctors and nurses.

Cambio de la atención psicológica presencial a modalidad remota: facilitadores y obstáculos en la pandemia de COVID-19 / Changing face-to-face psychological care to remote mode: facilitators and obstacles in the COVID-19 pandemic / Mudança do atendimento psicológico presencial para modalidade remota: facilitadores e dificultadores na pandemia de COVID-19

Objetivo: verificar asociaciones entre variables sociodemográficas y factores que facilitan y dificultan la transición de la atención psicológica presencial a la modalidad remota en el primer año de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: se trata de un estudio analítico, cuantitativo y de corte transversal. Después de la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación, la recolección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de un formulario en línea que consta de 55 preguntas. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando técnicas de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: la muestra de conveniencia estuvo compuesta por 385 psicólogos brasileños, en su mayoría mujeres (67,01%), jóvenes profesionales con hasta cinco años de actuación después de la graduación (44,16%) y predominio de actividades en la clínica privada. Se encontró que el tiempo de formación entre cinco y 10 años se asoció con una mayor percepción de dificultades y que la experiencia previa con la atención a distancia facilitó la adaptación en la transición de una modalidad a otra. Conclusión: considerando que la teleasistencia puede ser una poderosa herramienta en el escenario de la salud, se sugiere que los temas de la teleasistencia sean incluidos en la agenda de investigación y los contenidos programáticos en los currículos de los cursos de formación en salud.

Objective: to verify associations between sociodemographic variables and factors that facilitate and hinder the transition from face-to-face psychological care to remote mode in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this is an analytical, quantitative, cross-sectional study. After approval by the Research Ethics Committee, data collection was performed by applying an online form consisting of 55 questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques. Results: the intentional sampling consisted of a total of 385 Brazilian psychologists, mostly women (67.01%), young professionals with up to five years of graduation (44.16%) most of activities in the private clinic. It was found that training time between five and 10 years was associated with a greater perception of difficulties and that previous experience with remote care facilitated adaptation in the transition from one modality to another. Conclusion: considering that call center can be a powerful tool in the health scenario, it is suggested the inclusion of remote care issues in the research agenda and syllabus in the curricula of health training courses.

Objetivo: verificar associações entre variáveis sociodemográficas e fatores facilitadores e dificultadores da transição do atendimento psicológico presencial para a modalidade remota no primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19. Método: trata-se de um estudo analítico, quantitativo, de corte transversal. Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, a coleta foi realizada mediante aplicação de um formulário online composto por 55 questões. Os dados foram analisados por meio de técnicas de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a amostra de conveniência foi composta por 385 psicólogos brasileiros, majoritariamente mulheres (67,01%), jovens profissionais com até cinco anos de ofício após a graduação (44,16%) e com predomínio de atividades na clínica privada. Constatou-se que o tempo de formação entre cinco e 10 anos foi associado com uma maior percepção de dificuldades e que a experiência prévia com atendimento remoto foi facilitadora da adaptação na transição de uma modalidade à outra. Conclusão: considerando que o teleatendimento pode ser uma ferramenta potente no cenário da saúde, sugere-se a inclusão das questões do atendimento remoto na agenda de pesquisa e conteúdos programáticos das grades curriculares dos cursos de formação em saúde.

Telefisioterapia durante a COVID-19: Dificuldades e barreiras de familiares e indivíduos com fibrose cística / Telephysiotherapy during COVID-19: Difficulties and barriers individuals with cystic fibrosis and their family members

Descrever dificuldades e barreiras para adesão a telefisioterapia durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Relato de experiência, realizado com responsáveis e indivíduos com fibrose cística (FC) via internet, celular ou computador, para receberem atendimento de telefisioterapia assíncrona, em formato de cartilhas e vídeos. Todos deveriam responder avaliação inicial, questionário de qualidade de vida e, ao final, feedback sobre a assistência remota e a frequência na realização dos exercícios. Nove indivíduos participaram do estudo e poucos concluíram todas as etapas. Cinco participantes fornecerem feedback quanto à assistência oferecida e a maioria das respostas apontou dificuldades para realizar fisioterapia a domicílio. Responsáveis e indivíduos com FC ficaram sobrecarregados com as demandas online, visto que as atividades rotineiras estavam sendo realizadas "via tela" no referido período, o que impactou negativamente na adesão a telefisioterapia. Esse achado atenta para profissionais da saúde refletirem sobre aspectos da adesão ao oferecerem essa modalidade.

To describe difficulties and barriers for adherence to telephysiotherapu durint the COVID-19 pandemic. Experience report, conducted with relatives and individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) on internet, smarthphone or computer, to receive asynchronous telephysiotherapy care in the form of folders and videos. All participantes were required to complete an initial assessment, a quality of live questionnaire, and at end provide feedback about remote assistance and exercise frequency. Nine individuals participated in this study, and few completed all the stages. Five participantes provided feedback regarding the offered assistance, and the majority of responses indicated difficulties in performing home-based physiotherapy. relatives and individuals with CF became overwhelmed with online demands, as routine activies were being conducted "on screen" during that period, which negatively impacted adherence to tepehysiotherapy. These finding alerts healthcare professionals to reflect on adherence aspects when offering this modality.

Perfil das pessoas com diabetes que utilizaram a telefarmácia na pandemia de covid-19: resultados da DIABETES / Profile of people with diabetes who used telepharmacy during the covid-19 pandemic: results from DIABETES / Perfil de personas con diabetes que usaron telefarmacia durante la pandemia de covid-19: resultados de DIABETES

O objetivo foi analisar o perfil das pessoas com diabetes que utilizaram a telefarmácia na pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com dados oriundos da websurvey DIABETESvid que ocorreu nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2020. Verificou-se que 45 participantes recorreram à telefarmácia, sendo que 55,6% eram do sexo masculino, 42,2% tinham idade compreendida entre 18 e 34 anos e 46,7% estudaram 12 ou mais anos. Além disso, 48,9% autorreferiram diabetes mellitus tipo 1. A maioria usava insulina (55,6%) e obteve os medicamentos para o diabetes em farmácias do sistema público de saúde (60%). Ademais, as pessoas que tiveram o diagnóstico de covid-19 buscaram mais pela telefarmácia (RP=2,20; IC95% 1,23­3,94). Sabe-se que os medicamentos são essenciais para o tratamento do diabetes. Logo, no período estudado em que se preconizava o distanciamento físico, os participantes apropriaram-se da telefarmácia a fim de obter a integralidade do cuidado

The objective was to analyze the profile of people with diabetes who used telepharmacy during the covid-19 pandemic. This is a cross-sectional study with data from the DIABETESvid websurvey that took place in September and October 2020. It was found that 45 participants used telepharmacy, 55.6% of whom were male, 42.2% were between 18 and 34 years-old and 46.7% studied 12 or more years. In addition, 48.9% self-reported type 1 diabetes mellitus. Most used insulin (55.6%) and obtained their diabetes medication from pharmacies in the public health system (60%). Also, people diagnosed with covid-19 used telephar-macy more often (PR=2.20; 95%CI 1.23­3.94). It is known that drugs are essential for the treatment of diabetes. Therefore, in the period studied in which physical distancing was advocated, the participants used telepharmacy to obtain comprehensive care

El objetivo fue analizar el perfil de las personas con diabetes que utilizaron la telefarmacia durante la pandemia del covid-19. Estudio transversal con datos de la encuesta por internet DIABETESvid realizada en septiembre y octubre de 2020. Se encontró que 45 participantes recurrieron a la telefarmacia, de los cuales el 55,6% eran hombres, el 42,2% tenían entre 18 y 34 años y el 46,7% estudiaban 12 o más años. Además, el 48,9% se autorrefirió diabetes mellitus tipo 1. La mayoría utilizaba insulina (55,6%) y recibía su medicación antidiabética en farmacias del sistema público (60%). Además, las personas diagnosticadas con covid-19 buscaron telefarmacia con más frecuencia (RP = 2,20; IC 95% 1,23­3,94). Los medicamentos son esenciales para el tratamiento de la diabetes. Por lo tanto, en el período estudiado en el que se propugnaba el distanciamiento físico, los participantes se apropiaron de la telefarmacia para la atención integral

The Benefit of YouTube Videos as a Source of Information on Tinnitus for Patients

Abstract Introduction Tinnitus is one of the most common otological complaints encountered. Patients often use the internet, especially YouTube videos, as a source of information regarding their health condition. There is a need to analyze the standard and quality of information in these videos so that the patients receive correct information. Objective The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the reliability and utility of YouTube videos on tinnitus. Methods The first 100 videos on YouTube using the search terms tinnitus and ringing in the ear were identified. Three subject experts assessed the reliability using the modified five-point DISCERN score and utility using a usefulness score. Various indices like view ratio, like ratio, video power index, and interaction index were also calculated. Results Out of the 100 videos selected, 34 were excluded; collectively the remaining 66 videos were viewed 12,797,730 times. The most common upload sources were hospital/physician (39%), paramedic health care providers (19%), and alternative medicine (19%). The discern score was the highest in hospital/physician group (mean 19.3) and lowest in patient experience group (mean 13.4). A negative correlation was observed between the number of views (correlation coefficient -0.214), number of likes (correlation coefficient -0.242), number of comments (correlation coefficient -0.242), and the usefulness score. Conclusion Although there are multiple videos on YouTube regarding tinnitus, the overall educational content and reliability of the videos are poor. Video popularity is not associated with usefulness. Healthcare providers should counsel patients regarding videos on YouTube and try to create more comprehensive videos.

Experiencias de aprendizaje en la formación virtual de docentes durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 / Learning experiences in virtual teacher training during confinement by COVID-19. A qualitative approach

Resumen La formación universitaria de docentes durante el confinamiento provocado por la pandemia de COVID-19 ha estado influida por diferentes factores. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las experiencias de aprendizaje de un grupo de estudiantes de la carrera de licenciatura en Educación Básica de una universidad ecuatoriana. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo a través de un análisis del contenido temático de narrativas escritas a manera de reportes reflexivos. La investigación se organizó en el contexto del proyecto de perfeccionamiento de la formación docente atendiendo a las seis categorías que influyen directamente en la formación del estudiante y que delimitan el desafío didáctico y pedagógico de quienes se ocupan de formar docentes. Los resultados aluden a la brecha tecnológica que hace cada vez más visible la desigualdad social, pero a la vez la capacidad de reestructuración, adaptación al contexto virtual tanto de estudiantes en formación como de sus docentes. Todo ello, pese a que no hubo una preparación oportuna y suficiente en las estrategias de afrontamiento para el aprendizaje virtual de forma saludable en condiciones de confinamiento. Las experiencias contadas en voz de los y las estudiantes confirman las distintas percepciones sobre categorías que influyen en su formación y la necesidad de avanzar en una estrategia integradora entre los profesionales de la educación y la salud que incorpore las particularidades descritas para un enfoque más inclusivo de la formación docente.

Abstract Teachers' university training during the confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has been influenced by various factors. This research's main objective was to analyse the learning experiences of undergraduate students in Basic Education at an Ecuadorian university. The current study involves a qualitative approach using a thematic content analysis of narratives written as reflective reports. The sample was composed by 5th semester students of the Basic Education career. They were between 19 and 38 years old, and their narratives were selected taking into account these selection parameters: the stories were set up in a reasonable and meaningful way, followed the structure: introduction, development, conclusion; and they were deep, but very clear in the reflections made that direct the future perspective of the subject in question. This study was organized as part of a project for the improvement of teachers' training, taking into account the six categories that have a direct influence on student education and that define a didactic and pedagogical challenge of those who are in charge of university processes. According to the previous argument, some of these categories are the use of electronic devices and access to learning technologies; the adaptation and use of teaching strategies in the virtual context; the development of students' creativity during virtual learning; learning environment and family coexistence at home; and physical and emotional well-being. The findings indicate: greater relevance of information and communication technologies (ICT) as a platform for teaching and receiving classes; improvement of the teaching-learning process; means of social interaction; resources for research on the internet. Moreover, the training of future teachers currently depends on the possession of devices to be able to access training activities; this technological gap makes social inequality increasingly visible. Another important result is that the pandemic tested the capacity of both, students and teachers to restructure and adapt to the virtual context. This is related to the status of most teachers as digital migrants and of students as digital natives. In the case of teachers, they have not yet managed to adapt to the use of teaching strategies in the virtual context, while students mastered ICTs. For those who found their applications and tools for the first time in the context of the pandemic, it was a welcomed learning opportunity. The development of students' creativity during virtual learning was marked by the role assumed by teachers, as a consequence of the intensive use of ICTs that has allowed young people to keep busy and learn while having fun. Teachers have focused more on their use in order to enhance their emotional intelligence to face new and stressful situations in their professional practice. Regarding the family environment, beyond the leading role that families have assumed as facilitators of the teaching-learning process, members may hinder attention, concentration, comprehension, and memorization of knowledge due to the different distractions generated at home. According to some of the teachers in training consulted for this research, student and teacher communication was flexible, and many students have been able to pass every subject. The teachers in training consulted recognized the practices that threaten their physical and emotional well-being and the need to rethink new styles of healthcare for themselves and their families. Finally, it is concluded that the experiences manifested were presented bearing in mind the fundamental categories of the study. Students confirmed the different perceptions on categories that influence their training and the need to advance in an integrative strategy between education and health professionals that incorporates the particularities described for a more inclusive approach to teacher training.

Evaluación del aprendizaje y satisfacción de los estudiantes en la implementación online de la catedra cuidado de enfermería en salud del adulto y adulto mayor I en la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, 2022 / Evaluation of the learning and satisfactionof the students in the online implementation of the nursing care chair in adult and older adult health I in the nursing faculty of the San Luis Gonzaga National University, 2022

El estudio tuvo por Objetivo: Evaluar el aprendizaje y satisfacción de los estudiantes en la implementación online de la catedra cuidado de enfermería en salud del adulto y adulto mayor I II en la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga, 2022. Material y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, y correlacional, con muestra de 96 alumnos del quinto ciclo de enfermería, empleándose la técnica de encuesta, y como instrumento un cuestionario. Resultados: El nivel de aprendizaje estudiantil en la cátedra del cuidado del adulto y adulto mayor I, fue de nivel bueno 58.3%, regular 40.6%, y deficiente 1.0%, por dimensiones predominó el nivel regular competencia conceptual 69.8%, competencia procedimental 54.2%, y nivel bueno en competencia actitudinal 78.1%. La satisfacción estudiantil con la cátedra fue de nivel alto 77.1% y regular 22.9%, por dimensiones predominó el nivel alto en la enseñanza 82.3%, uso del internet 74%, y flexibilidad con la metodología online 72.9%. La prueba de Rho de Spearman halló relación significativa entre ambas variables (r = 0.359, p=0.000). Conclusiones: Existe relación directa entre el aprendizaje y satisfacción del estudiante en la implementación desarrollo online de la catedra del cuidado de enfermería en salud del adulto y adulto mayor I en la Facultad de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga año 2022. (AU)

The Objective of the study was to: Evaluate the learning and satisfaction of students in the online implementation of the nursing care chair in adult health and the elderly I II in the Faculty of Nursing of the San Luis Gonzaga National University, 2022. Material and Methods: Descriptive and correlational study, with a sample of 96 students of the fifth nursing cycle, using the survey technique, and a questionnaire as instrument. Results: The level of student learning in the chair of care for adults and older adults I, was good level 58.3%, regular 40.6%, and deficient 1.0%, by dimensions the regular level conceptual competence predominated 69.8%, procedural competence 54.2%, and good level in attitudinal competence 78.1%. Student satisfaction with the chair was high level 77.1% and regular 22.9%, by dimensions the high level in teaching predominated 82.3%, Internet use 74%, and flexibility with the online methodology 72.9%. Spearman's Rho test found a significant relationship between both variables (r = 0.359, p=0.000). Conclusions:There is a direct relationship between learning and student satisfaction in the implementation of the online development of the chair of nursing care in adult health and the elderly I at the Faculty of Nursing of the San Luis Gonzaga National University in 2022. (AU)

A cross-sectional evaluation of behavior and attitude of pharmacists toward dispensing non-OTC drugs without prescription in a city of Southern Rajasthan

Background: Over the counter (OTC), drugs are found to be safe and appropriate for use without supervision of a healthcare professional such as physician and they can be purchased by consumers without prescription. The study gains its importance because of the spreading of misuse of antibiotics and various drugs adverse drug reactions in the society. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of the study is to observe as to how many pharmacists/chemists/drug store sellers follow or violate the drug cosmetic act. Materials and Methods: It is an observational and cross-sectional study conducted among pharmacies of Udaipur city, urban areas of Southern Rajasthan. The study includes a sample size of 200 pharmacies selected through convenient random sampling. A detailed semi-structured questionnaire is administered to the pharmacists. The set of questions include types of drugs, reason for dispensing, knowledge, and attitude of pharmacist toward dispensing non-OTC drugs. All the private pharmacies willing to participate were included in the study. Data are entered in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed. Results: The results throw light on the behavior and pattern of dispensing habits of the drug store sellers of the city of Udaipur, Southern Rajasthan. It was observed that many pharmacists are in fact in the habit of dispensing non-OTC drugs in almost all the areas. Conclusions: Results give insights about the groups of drugs, logic, behavior, and knowledge level of pharmacists involved in dispensing practices in the city of Udaipur. There should be structured educational campaigns (or use of media, internet, newspaper, radio, television, advertisements, mobiles, etc.) for both pharmacists and public.

Directiva administrativa que regula el uso de la firma electrónica y de la firma digital en los actos médicos y actos de salud / Administrative directive that regulates the use of electronic signatures and digital signatures in medical acts and health acts

La publicación describe las pautas y disposiciones para el uso de la firma electrónica y de la firma digital como medios de refrendo legal de los documentos electrónicos relacionados con los actos médicos y los actos de salud y para mejorar el funcionamiento de los servicios de salud

Implementación de Navegadores de Pacientes en distintos sectores del "Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas" / Implementation of patient browsers in different sectors of the "National Hospital Professor Alejandro Posadas"

En el año 2020 en el Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, cuando comenzó la pandemia de Covid 2019, se comenzó a realizar seguimiento clínico de pacientes y a sus contactos, en forma telefónica, debido a la gran demanda de asistencia y para evitar el desborde del sistema sanitario. Conformándose así el equipo de Seguimiento Telefónico. Consecuencia de aquello comprobamos que era una herramienta valiosa que podría ser utilizada en otros procesos. En el año 2021 el equipo de Seguimiento Telefónico continuó en funcionamiento adaptándose a nuevas líneas de trabajo en donde el monitoreo de la trazabilidad del cuidado de los pacientes es imprescindible para garantizarles acceso al sistema y al mismo tiempo realizar evaluación y monitoreo de procesos asistenciales que involucran a personas con criterios de vulnerabilidad y/o salud que les confieran riesgo. Este artículo explora el papel que puede desempeñar la "Navegación del Paciente" en la mejora de los resultados de salud1 . Los navegadores pueden facilitar un mejor acceso y calidad de la atención médica para las poblaciones desatendidas. En el mes de febrero de 2023 se institucionalizó el dispositivo de Seguimiento Telefónico como sector de Revinculación Asistencial, un arma más para beneficiar a los pacientes, aumentando su Seguridad y mejorando día a día la Calidad de atención.

In 2020, when the Covid-19 pandemic began, the Professor Alejandro Posadas National Hospital implemented clinical monitoring of patients and their contacts by telephone to manage the overwhelming demand for assistance and avoid overcrowding. This led to the formation of a Telephone Monitoring team. The team's success prompted the hospital to explore other areas where the tool could be applied. In 2021, the hospital continued to use the Telephone Monitoring team, adapting it to new lines of work where patient care traceability was critical for ensuring access to the healthcare system. This article examines the role of patient navigation in improving healthcare outcomes, including better access and quality of care for underserved populations. The hospital institutionalized the Telephone Monitoring device in February 2023 as a sector of Assistance Relinking, adding another weapon to benefit patients by increasing their safety and improving the quality of care.

mHealth Apps Delivering Early Intervention to Support Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review

Context: Early intervention, and parent-mediated intervention are effective in achieving early childhood development goals for children with autism spectrum disorder. There is a surge in mHealth technologies delivering such interventions. This review aims to explore the concept, context and methodology of implementation of such mHealth apps. Evidence Acquisition: A search was conducted using NICE (National Institute of Clinical Excellence) healthcare database, including keyword ‘early intervention,’ ‘mHealth,’ ‘parent support,’ ‘apps,’ and ‘autism.’ The quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, case reports, grey literature, systematic reviews, clinical trials, and feasibility studies of children between 2 to 6 years with ASD were included from inception of database to December, 2021. Web/ Internet-based or computer-dependent programs were excluded. The initial search yielded 3786 studies; 17 were finally included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: Studies on a total of mhealth apps were reviewed. Nine apps, apart from TOBY (Therapy outcome by you), lacked a holistic approach and instead targeted a specific difficulty in autism. The provision of support to parents using apps was equally beneficial as in-person support, reduced costs, and improved outcomes in children. Conclusion: The review revealed limited evidence-based mHealth apps available currently in a community setting. This also underscores an opportunity for clinicians to re-direct parents towards evidence-based information and interventions.

Produção de informações para tomada de decisão durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Information production for decision making during the covid-19 pandemic / Producción de información para la toma de decisiones durante la pandemia de covid-19

Objetivo: Narrar a experiência de um grupo de pesquisadores e gestores construindo materiais informativos a partir dos dados epidemiológicos dos casos de covid-19 em Sobral - CE. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo relato de experiência. Contempla uma experiência vivenciada de maio a agosto de 2020. Resultados: Em reunião via internet, alguns integrantes do grupo de pesquisas Observatório de Pesquisas para o SUS com a participação da secretária da saúde de Sobral, do prefeito de Sobral, de um professor especialista em inteligência artificial para tratar do avanço da pandemia em Sobral e na colaboração dos pesquisadores locais diante desse cenário. As ações firmadas foram: analisar semanalmente os dados epidemiológicos do município, desenvolver semanalmente um boletim epidemiológico com um condensado das informações criadas a partir dos dados, expor projeções da curva da pandemia no município, dispor as redes sociais do grupo de pesquisa para as informações, manter o diálogo entre os profissionais e gestores para ajudar na tomada de decisão. Conclusão: Foi possível estabelecer um fluxo semanal de divulgação do boletim epidemiológico local. A experiência serve como base para decisões de outros locais que buscam alternativas na gestão do cuidado. (AU)

Objective: To narrate the experience of a group of researchers and managers building information materials from the epidemiological data of cases of covid-19 in Sobral - CE. Methods: This is an experience report study. Contemplates an experience lived from May to August 2020. Results: In a meeting via internet, some members of the research group Research Observatory for SUS with the participation of the health secretary of Sobral, the mayor of Sobral, a professor specializing in artificial intelligence to address the pandemic progress in Sobral and the collaboration of local researchers facing this scenario. The actions agreed upon were: analyze weekly the epidemiological data of the city, develop weekly an epidemiological bulletin with a condensed information created from the data, expose projections of the pandemic curve in the city, make available the social networks of the research group for information, maintain dialogue between professionals and managers to help in decision making. Conclusion: It was possible to establish a weekly flow of dissemination of the local epidemiological bulletin. The experience serves as a basis for decisions from other places that seek alternatives in the management of care. (AU)

Objetivo: Narrar la experiencia de un grupo de investigadores y gestores construyendo material informativo a partir de los datos epidemiológicos de los casos de covid-19 en Sobral/CE. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de informe de experiencia. Contempla una experiencia vivida de mayo a agosto de 2020. Resultados: En una reunión vía internet, algunos miembros del grupo de investigación Observatorio para el SUS con la participación del secretario de salud de Sobral, el alcalde de Sobral, un profesor experto en inteligencia artificial para abordar el avance de la pandemia en Sobral y en la colaboración de los investigadores locales frente a este escenario. Las acciones acordadas fueron: analizar semanalmente los datos epidemiológicos del municipio, elaborar semanalmente un boletín epidemiológico con una información condensada creada a partir de los datos, exponer proyecciones de la curva pandémica en el municipio, poner a disposición las redes sociales del grupo de investigación para su información, mantener el diálogo entre profesionales y gestores para ayudar en la toma de decisiones. ]Conclusión: Fue posible establecer un flujo semanal de divulgación del boletín epidemiológico local. La experiencia sirve de base para las decisiones de otros lugares que buscan alternativas en la gestión del cuidado. (AU)

ORIENTA COVID-19 app / Aplicativo ORIENTA COVID-19

Objective: Develop an application to guide health professionals during home care in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: The structure of the application was developed in four stages: Analysis - an integrative literature review was carried out with the Health Sciences databases, such as MEDLINE, SciELO, and LILACS. Design - this step involved planning and producing didactic content, defining topics and writing subjects, selecting media, and designing the interface (layout). Development - definition of the navigation structure and planning of the configuration of environments. Implementation - construction of an environment for downloading the application on the Internet. Results: The ORIENTA COVID-19 application has 40 screens and 130 images describing gowning, and undressing of PPE, including using a homemade mask, guidelines for care to prevent COVID-19, and social etiquette. After registration at the National Institute of Industrial Property, it will be available on the Google Play Store under ORIENTA COVID-19. Conclusion: After an integrative review of the literature obtained from the main databases, the ORIENTA COVID-19 application was developed to support health professionals during home care related to COVID-19.

Objetivo: Desenvolver um aplicativo para orientar os profissionais de saúde durante o atendimento domiciliar, no enfrentamento da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: A estrutura do aplicativo foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas: Análise - foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura junto às bases de dados das Ciências da Saúde, como: MEDLINE, SciELO e LILACS. Design - esta etapa envolveu o planejamento e a produção do conteúdo didático, a definição dos tópicos e a redação dos assuntos, a seleção das mídias e o desenho da interface (layout). Desenvolvimento - definição da estrutura de navegação e o planejamento da configuração de ambientes. Implementação - construção de um ambiente para download da aplicação na Internet. Resultados: O aplicativo ORIENTA COVID-19 tem 40 telas e 130 imagens descrevendo a paramentação, desparamentação dos EPIs incluindo a técnica do uso da máscara caseira, orientações dos cuidados para prevenir a COVID-19 e a etiqueta social. Após seu registro no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, estará disponível no Google Play Store sob o nome ORIENTA COVID-19. Conclusão: Após revisão integrativa da literatura obtida nas principais bases de dados, desenvolveu-se o aplicativo ORIENTA COVID-19, para apoio aos profissionais da saúde durante o atendimento domiciliar relacionado à COVID-19.

Prevalência de diabetes mellitustipo 2 em usuários da Atenção Primária àSaúdee fatores associados / Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in users of Primary Health Care and associated factors

O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma patologia crônica que cresceu mundialmente. Quando mal controlado, pode acarretar ao seu portador diversas complicações, comprometendo, assim, a sua qualidade de vida. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) em usuários da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado de maio a agosto de 2019. A estatística compreendeu o cálculo da prevalência de DM2, es eu intervalo de confiança foi de 95% (IC95). Para verificação dos fatores ajustados, foram calculadas as Razões de Prevalência (RP), brutas e ajustadas. A amostra foi de 1.365 usuários, com prevalência do desfecho de9% (IC95 8-11), sendo esta maior entre idosos (RP=2,21; IC95 1,50-3,26), hipertensos (RP= 3,02; IC95 1,90-4,81), pessoas com hipertrigliceridemia (RP=2,38; IC95 1,67-3,38), polimedicados (RP=2,91; IC95 1,82-4,67) e que não praticavam atividade física (RP=1,71; IC95 1,04-2,79) e menor entre aqueles que não exerciam atividade remunerada (RP=0,39; IC95 0,22-0,70) e com costume de pesquisar sobre saúde na internet (RP=0,51; IC95 0,30-0,88). Os achados obtidos nesse estudo destacam a imprescindibilidade à promoção de ações inovadoras com novas formas de atenção primária.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic pathology that has grown worldwide. If poorly controlled, it can cause several complications to the patient, thus compromising their quality of life. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (DM2) in users of Primary Health Care (PHC). This is a cross-sectional study carried out from May to August 2019. The statistics comprised the calculation of the prevalence of DM2, and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). To check the adjusted factors, gross and adjusted Prevalence Ratios (PR) were calculated. Thesample consisted of 1,365 users, with a 9% prevalence of the outcome (CI95 8-11), which was higher among the elderly (PR = 2.21; CI95 1.50-3.26), hypertensive patients (PR = 3.02; CI95 1.90-4.81), with hypertriglyceridemia (PR = 2.38; CI95 1.67-3.38), polymedicates (PR = 2.91; CI95 1.82-4.67) and that did not practice physical activity (PR = 1.71; CI95 1.04-2.79) and lower, among those who did not engage in paid activity (PR = 0.39; CI95 0.22-0.70) and with the habit of researching on health on the internet (PR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.30-0.88). The findings obtained in this study the need to promote innovative actions with new forms of primary care is highlighted.

Infodemia e (des)informação na pandemia da covid-19: tecnossocialidade na atenção primária à saúde / Infodemia y (des)información en la pandemia de COVID-19: tecnosocialidad en la atención primaria de salud / Infodemic and (dis)information in the COVID-19 pandemic: Social technology in primary health care

Objetivo: compreender as potências e limites da tecnossocialidade, bem como as estratégias de boa comunicação e prevenção da circulação de fake news no cotidiano dos profissionais da atenção primária na pandemia da covid-19. Materiais e método: estudo de casos múltiplos integrado-qualitativo, fundamentado na sociologia compreensiva do cotidiano, com inclusão de 47 profissionais de saúde de um município de Santa Catarina e de dois municípios de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre abril e outubro de 2021, e teve como fontes de evidência a entrevista individual aberta e as notas de campo. Resultados: constituem-se potências a continuidade de cuidados à saúde em meio à pandemia, o estreitamento da comunicação entre profissionais e usuários, e o recebimento de resultados de exames por usuários pelo WhatsApp. Contudo, limites ainda precisam ser superados, como a infodemia e a desinformação pela disseminação das fake news nas redes sociais, e a inacessibilidade à internet, principalmente em classes sociais baixas. Conclusões: a aceleração do uso da tecnossocialidade na pandemia proporcionou avanços no campo da saúde, porém ocasionou a infodemia e o aumento da circulação de notícias falsas. Uma parte da população ainda enfrenta dificuldade de acesso e uso da internet, principalmente em classes sociais baixas. Dessa forma, os profissionais de saúde apresentam o importante papel educativo, ao compartilhar informações verídicas à população com uso de ferramentas virtuais.

Objetivo: comprender las fortalezas y los límites de la tecnosocialidad y las estrategias para una buena comunicación y prevención de la circulación de noticias falsas en el cotidiano de los profesionales de atención primaria durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y método: estudio de caso múltiple integrado-cualitativo, basado en la sociología integral de la vida cotidiana, con la inclusión de 47 profesionales de la salud de un municipio de Santa Catarina y dos municipios de Minas Gerais, Brasil. La recolección de datos se realizó entre abril y octubre de 2021 y tuvo como fuentes de información una entrevista individual abierta y las notas de campo recopiladas. Resultados: la continuidad de la atención en salud en medio de la pandemia, el fortalecimiento de la comunicación entre profesionales y usuarios y la recepción de los resultados de las pruebas por parte de los usuarios a través de WhatsApp se constituyen como elementos clave de la prestación de los servicios de salud. Sin embargo, existen límites aún por superar, como la infodemia y la desinformación generadas por la difusión de noticias falsas en redes sociales y la accesibilidad a internet, especialmente en las clases sociales más bajas. Conclusiones: la aceleración del uso de tecnosocialidad en la pandemia generó avances en el campo de la salud, pero también infodemia y un aumento de la circulación de noticias falsas. Una parte de la población todavía tiene dificultades para acceder y utilizar Internet, especialmente las clases sociales más bajas. De esta forma, los profesionales de la salud juegan un importante papel educativo al compartir información veraz con la población a través de herramientas virtuales.

Objective: To understand the strengths and limits of technosociality and the role of good communication strategies aimed at preventing the spread of fake news in the daily life of primary care professionals during the covid-19 pandemic. Materials and method: Integrated and qualitative multiple case study based on the integral sociology of daily life, with the participation of 47 health professionals from one municipality in Santa Catarina and two municipalities in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data collection was carried out between April and October 2021 through individual interviews and field notes. Results: The continuity of health care in the midst of a pandemic, the strengthening of communication between professionals and users, and the reception of test results by users through WhatsApp are identified as key elements. However, there are still limits to be overcome, such as the infodemic and misinformation due to the spread of fake news on social networks or barriers to internet accessibility, especially in the lower social classes. Conclusions: The increased use of technosociality during the pandemic favored certain advances in health care. However, this situation also caused an infodemic and the growth of fake news circulation. Currently, part of the population is still facing difficulties in internet access and usage, especially those from lower social classes. Therefore, health professionals could play an important educational role by sharing accurate information through virtual tools.

Survey on Web Contents Available for Education about Falsified Medicines / 医薬品情報学

Objective: Crimes related to falsified medicines for medical use are of international concern and becoming increasingly sophisticated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated information on education and training/enlightenment activities on falsified medicines worldwide that are open to the public on the Internet to contribute to medical/pharmaceutical professionals’ and consumers’ education regarding falsified medicines in Japan.Methods: In April 2023, we searched the information written in English and Japanese on education and training/enlightenment activities on falsified medicines using the Internet.Results: We surveyed several countries and obtained important findings. In particular, the World Medical Association (WMA), the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), and the World Health Professions Alliance (WHPA) released programs for healthcare professionals. The US news programs, the US Department of Justice, and the Council of Europe released consumer warning videos. Japan issued the “Guidelines for Good Distribution Practice (GDP)” to the pharmaceutical distribution industry in 2018. Additionally, US and UK medicine regulators and the International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO) offered programs for professionals such as police and customs officers, and public prosecutors.Conclusion: These programs contain useful information not only for medical/pharmaceutical professionals in Japan but also for consumers. However, many are provided by foreign governments or international organizations, while few are from Japan. Therefore, to prevent the distribution of falsified medicine in Japan, educational institutions must further strengthen education and training/enlightenment activities and develop and publish educational tools for falsified medicines.

Construction of Harmonious of Doctor-patient Relationship under the Influence of "Internet+Healthcare" / 中国医学伦理学

Under the background of "Internet+Healthcare", the iterative development and large-scale application of new technologies have brought great impact on doctor-patient relationship, and promoted the harmonious development of doctor-patient relationship to a certain extent. By analyzing the impact of "Internet+Healthcare" on doctor-patient relationship, this paper proposed to deepen the patient-centered doctor-patient relationship model, enhance the efficiency of doctor-patient communication and improve communication channels between doctors and patients, strengthen the supervision of internet medical information, and call on new media to actively promote the development of doctor-patient relationship.