Untreated caries and serum vitamin D levels in children and youth of the United States: NHANES 2013-2014

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin D levels and untreated caries and determining factors in children and youth. Methodology: This cross-sectional study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014). In total, 3,072 participants with ages ranging from 1 to 19 years were included in our sample. The main dependent variable, untreated caries, was defined as having at least one untreated carious surface in any tooth. Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was categorized into four groups: ≥75 nmol/ml, 50-74.9 nmol/ml, 25-49.9 nmol/ml, and <25 nmol/ml. Data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression. Results: For children aged 1-5 years, age (OR = 1.68, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 1.38-2.04) and low levels of vitamin D (25-49.9 nmol/ml, and <25 nmol/ml: OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.06-6.13) were associated with untreated caries. For children aged 6-11 years, low levels of vitamin D (50-74.9 nmol/ml: OR=1.45, 95% CI 1.16-1.82) remained associated with untreated caries. No associations were found in those between 12 and 19 years of age. Conclusion: Our findings show an association between low levels of 25(OH)D and untreated caries in children between 1 and 11 years of age, suggesting that this nutrient might interfere in the caries process.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação entre os níveis séricos de vitamina D e cárie dentária não-tratada e fatores determinantes em crianças e jovens. Metodologia: Este estudo transversal utilizou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição (2013-2014). No total, 3.072 participantes com idades entre 1 e 19 anos foram incluídos em nossa amostra. A principal variável dependente, cárie não-tratada, foi definida como pelo menos uma superfície de cárie não-tratada em qualquer dente. A concentração sérica de 25-hidroxivitamina D [25(OH)D] foi categorizada em quatro grupos: ≥75 nmol/ml, 50-74,9 nmol/ml, 25-49,9 nmol/ml e <25 nmol/ml. Os dados foram analisados ​​por meio de regressão logística binária. Resultados: Para crianças de 1 a 5 anos, idade (OR = 1,68, intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) 1,38 a 2,04) e baixos níveis de vitamina D (25 a 49,9 nmol/ml e <25 nmol/ml: OR = 2,55, IC 95% 1,06-6,13) foram associados a cárie não-tratada. Para crianças de 6 a 11 anos, baixos níveis de vitamina D (50 a 74,9 nmol/ml: OR = 1,45, IC 95% 1,16 a 1,82) permaneceram associados à cárie não-tratada. Não foram encontradas associações naqueles entre 12 e 19 anos de idade. Conclusão: Nossos achados mostram uma associação entre baixos níveis de 25(OH)D e cárie não-tratada em crianças de 1 a 11 anos, sugerindo que este nutriente pode interferir no processo da cárie dentária .

Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and incidence of allergy and infection in infants aged 0–6 months

@#Introduction: Vitamin D levels are known to be related to prevalence of allergy and infection in children. However, vitamin D levels in infants’ umbilical cord blood need to be investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and incidence of allergy and infection in children. Methods: A longitudinal study involving 38 full-term newborns was conducted. Serum 25(OH)D levels in infants’ umbilical cord and venous blood were measured at birth and six months, respectively. 25(OH)D levels were classified as insufficient (<20 ng/mL) and sufficient (>20 ng/mL). Parents filled out questionnaires about their children’s allergy and infection symptoms. Paired t-test was performed to compare the 25(OH)D levels at birth and at six months. Chisquared test was conducted to determine relationship between 25(OH)D levels and incidence of infection and allergy in children. Results: 25(OH)D levels in venous blood of 6-month-old infants were significantly higher than in umbilical cord blood (50.44±13.59 ng/mL vs. 20.70±6.60 ng/mL, p<0.001). In addition, 25(OH)D level insufficiency in umbilical cord blood was associated with infection (p<0.05). However, there was no incidence of allergy, and exclusive breastfeeding and sun exposure were not associated with vitamin D levels in 6-month-old infants. Conclusion: We conclude that 25(OH)D level insufficiency in umbilical cord blood was associated with incidence of infection in the first six months of life.

The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

Objective@#To determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and measures of glycemic control, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), in adult patients with diabetes mellitus.@*Methodology@#This is an analytical cross-sectional study of 270 patients with diabetes admitted to a tertiary hospital. Serum 25(OH)D levels were categorized as follows: sufficient (>30 ng/mL), insufficient (20 to 30 ng/mL), and deficient (<20 ng/mL). The correlation of HbA1c and FPG with serum 25(OH)D and other variables was determined using Spearman’s rho (ρ) coefficient. The risk factors associated with HbA1c ≥7% and FPG ≥126 mg/dL were determined using logistic regression analysis to generate crude and adjusted odds ratios. The null hypothesis was rejected at 0.05 α-level of significance.@*Results@#The median serum 25(OH)D was 18.92 (range 3.56–56.3) ng/mL. Ninety percent (245 patients) had vitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL. This study showed that vitamin D level is significantly but weakly correlated with patient’s age (ρ=0.339) and duration of diabetes (ρ=0.147), whereas it had inverse correlations with BMI (ρ=-0.134), HbA1c (ρ=-0.261), and FPG (ρ=-0.198).@*Conclusion@#In this study, we found a possible association between vitamin D levels and measures of glycemic control among this group of adult Filipino patients with diabetes mellitus, but further investigations in other cohorts of individuals with diabetes are needed.

Correlation between 25(OH)D and metabolically related fatty liver in T2DM population / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolically associated fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A total of 2 406 subjects in Standardized Metabolic Disease Control were recruited from the National Center for Standardized Metabolic Disease Control in The First Hospital of Lanzhou University. The population was divided into Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 according to 25(OH)D quartile. The prevalence of MAFLD and related clinical indicators among the four groups were compared, and the influencing factors of MAFLD were analyzed by Logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to explore the relationship between 25(OH)D and MAFLD. RESULTS: The prevalence of MAFLD was different with different vitamin D levels. The prevalence of MAFLD was lower in the group with high 25(OH)D level. The level of 25(OH)D in patients with MAFLD was lower than that in patients with T2DM alone, and the number of vitamin D deficiency was relatively higher. Multivariate regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D was not associated with the risk of MAFLD. RCS analysis also suggested that 25(OH)D was not associated with the risk of MAFLD. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of MAFLD is high in people with low vitamin D level, and vitamin D is not associated with the risk of MAFLD after multivariate adjustment.

Lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels, diabetes and age are associated with foot and ankle fracture treatment complications

ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigated the nutritional status, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), albumin and risk factors associated with complications in patients with foot and ankle fragility fractures. Subjects and methods: Prospective study, developed with patients who suffered fractures due to fragility of the foot and ankle (n = 108); the type of fractured bone, fracture mechanisms and classification were studied and also pseudoarthrosis, treatment, surgical dehiscence, anthropometry, 25OHD and albumin. The Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in the statistical analysis and the multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with complications. Results: The factors that, together, were associated with treatment complications were the level of 25OHD (p = 0.0055; OR = 0.868 [1,152]; 95% CI = 0.786; 0.959 [1.043;1.272]) and diabetes (p = 0.0034; OR = 30,181; 95% CI = 3.087; 295.036). The factors that, together, were associated with the presence of any complication, were age (p = 0.0139; OR = 1.058; 95% CI = 1.011; 1,106) and 25OHD level (p = 0.0198; OR = 0.917; 95% CI = 0.852; 0.986). There was a complication probability above 0.40 associated with lower 25OHD levels (values below 20 ng/mL) and older age (over 50 years). Conclusion: Lower or abnormal levels of 25OHD were associated with pseudoarthrosis, and age and 25OHD were both risk factors for treatment complications in patients with foot and ankle fractures.

Vitamin D status among Kashmiri tribal population: A cross-sectional community-based study

Background & objectives: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent across all age groups in general population of India but studies among tribal populations are scanty. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of VDD in the indigenous tribal population of the Kashmir valley and examine associated risk factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional investigation, a total of 1732 apparently healthy tribal participants (n=786 males and n=946 females) were sampled from five districts of Kashmir valley by using probability proportional to size method. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were classified as per the Endocrine Society (ES) recommendations: deficiency (<20 ng/ml), insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml) and sufficiency (>30 ng/ml). The serum 25(OH)D levels were assessed in relation to various demographic characteristics such as age, sex, education, smoking, sun exposure, body mass index and physical activity. Results: The mean age of the male participants was 43.79±18.47 yr with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 20.50±7.53 kg/m2, while the mean age of female participants was 35.47±14.92 yr with mean BMI of 22.24±4.73 kg/m2. As per the ES guidelines 1143 of 1732 (66%) subjects had VDD, 254 (14.71%) had insufficient and 334 (19.3%) had sufficient serum 25(OH)D levels. VDD was equally prevalent in male and female participants. Serum 25(OH)D levels correlated positively with serum calcium, phosphorous and negatively with serum alkaline phosphatase. Gender, sun exposure, altitude, physical activity and BMI did not seem to contribute significantly to VDD risk. Interpretation & conclusions: VD deficiency is highly prevalent among Kashmiri tribals, although the magnitude seems to be lower as compared to the general population. These preliminary data are likely to pave way for further studies analyzing the impact of vitamin D supplementation with analysis of functional outcomes

Correlation between serum 25-(OH)D 3, adiponectin, chemerin levels and insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Objective:To explore the correlation between the serum 25-(OH)D 3, adiponectin (APN), and chemerin levels of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and insulin resistance. Methods:28 pregnant women with GDM were selected for the study group from May 2020 to December 2021, and 45 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance were selected for the control group. 25-(OH)D 3, APN, chemerin, islet resistance index (HOMA-IR), fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c were compared between the two groups. The correlation between 25-(OH)D 3, APN, chemerin, and GDM insulin resistance was analyzed. Results:Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and chemerin in the GDM group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), while 25-(OH)D 3 and APN were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in HbA1c between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum 25-(OH)D 3, APN, and chemerin were all related influencing factors of GDM (all P<0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that serum 25-(OH)D 3 was negatively correlated with fasting blood glucose and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05), chemerin was positively correlated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of 25-(OH)D 3 was 0.841 (95% CI: 0.746~0.967). AUC of APN was 0.678 (95% CI: 0.545~0.812). AUC of chemerin AUC was 0.360 (95% CI: 0.233~0.487). Conclusions:The levels of 25-(OH)D 3, APN, and chemerin have a certain correlation with the pathogenesis of GDM, which has a certain reference value for the prediction of GDM.

Correlation between vitamin D level and caries risk in early childhood caries / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the correlation between vitamin D levels and the risk of early childhood caries (ECC), and to provide a reference for the primary prevention of ECC in children.@*Methods @# A total of 389 children aged 6 months to 48 months were enrolled in this study. Data of feeding patterns and oral health behaviors were collected, and decayed-missing-filled teeth (dmft) were recorded. The children were divided into an ECC group (dmft > 0, n= 146) and a caries-free group (dmft=0, n=243). Peripheral blood of fingertips was collected to detect the active form of vitamin D--25(OH)D in vivo, and the cariogenic activity of dental plaque was analyzed with the Cariostat test. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the correlation among caries related factors such as 25(OH)D levels and caries risk in patients with ECC.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries among 25(OH)D deficiency, insufficiency and normal children (χ2=2.320, P=0.313). There was no correlation between dmft and 25(OH)D levels (dmft=1-3, r < 0.001, P > 0.05; dmft > 3, r= 0.009, P > 0.05). The risk factors for ECC were age (OR=1.082, 95% CI: 1.045-1.121, P < 0.001), breastfeeding within 6 months after birth (OR=2.789, 95% CI: 1.581-4.921, P < 0.001), nighttime milk consumption or sleeping with a nipple (OR=4.187, 95% CI: 1.938-9.048, P < 0.001), and a high Cariostat value of 1.5-3.0 (OR=4.173, 95% CI: 2.014-8.646, P < 0.001). @*Conclusion@#There was no correlation between 25(OH)D level and caries in children aged 6-48 months. The risk factors for ECC are age, breastfeeding before 6 months old, nighttime milk consumption or sleeping with a nipple and high cariogenic activity (Cariostat value of 1.5-3.0). It is necessary to establish good feeding habits and oral hygiene habits for children while promoting breastfeeding.

Vitamin D status in Mexican women at reproductive age, Ensanut 2018-19 / Estado de vitamina D en mujeres en edad reproductiva, Ensanut 2018-19

Abstract Objective: To describe the prevalence of deficiency (VDD) and insufficiency (VDI) of vitamin D (VD), by sociodemographic factors, obesity and physical activity in a probabilistic sample of Mexican women participating in Ensanut 2018-19. Materials and methods: In 1 262 women aged 20 to 49 years, the prevalence of VDD/IVD was estimated and the factors associated with it were evaluated with a multinomial regression model. Results: The prevalence of VDI was 46.1% and of VDD was 31.6%. The probability of presenting VDI and VDD was higher for residents of urban areas, in tertiles 2 and 3 of socioeconomic status, and with obesity, while was lower in women with moderate physical activity. Conclusión: The prevalence of vitamin D in Mexican women continues to be a public health problem in Mexico despite the high availability of sunlight in the country. It is necessary to promote healthy sun exposure in the population and consider fortifying foods with vitamin D.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de deficiencia (VDD) e insuficiencia (VDI) de vitamina D (VD) por factores sociodemográficos, obesidad y actividad física, en una muestra probabilística de mujeres mexicanas participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19. Material y métodos: En 1 262 mujeres se estimó la prevalencia de VDD y VDI y se evaluaron los factores asociados con ellas con un modelo de regresión multinomial. Resultados: La prevalencia de VDI fue de 46.1% y de VDD fue 31.6%. La probabilidad de presentar VDI y VDD fue mayor en residentes de áreas urbanas, en terciles más altos de nivel socioeconómico y con obesidad, mientras que fue menor en mujeres con actividad física moderada. Conclusión: La prevalencia de VDI y VDD en mujeres mexicanas continúa siendo un problema de salud pública en México a pesar de la alta disponibilidad de luz solar en el país. Es necesario fomentar en la población una saludable exposición solar y considerar la fortificación de alimentos con vitamina D.

Association between vitamin D levels and lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis: a case-control study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Vitamin D has relationships with pathogenesis and inflammation pathways in many diseases. Its deficiency may make clinicians think not only of supplementation but also of presence of other diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), given that reduced levels are related to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-control study conducted in the cardiovascular surgery and family medicine departments of a hospital in Turkey. METHODS: A total of 280 participants were included: 140 each in the DVT and control groups. Basic clinical characteristics, comorbidities and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were recorded and then compared between the groups. Serum 25(OH)D levels were also evaluated separately in three subgroups (sufficient, insufficient and deficient). RESULTS: Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the DVT group than in the controls (P < 0.001). Females in the DVT group had lower 25(OH)D levels than those in the control group (P = 0.002). Nonetheless, the median 25(OH)D level (16.41 ng/ml) of the control group was still below the reference value. Logistic regression analysis showed that 25(OH)D was a significant predictor of DVT. Weight, height and body mass index, which all presented interaction, were significant in the logistic regression analysis but not in individual analyses. CONCLUSION: The serum vitamin D levels of DVT patients were lower than those of controls. If the results obtained from our study are supported by further large-scale randomized controlled trials, vitamin D replacement may be brought into the agenda for protection against DVT.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants at a tertiary healthcare facility in Nairobi, Kenya

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in exclusively breastfed infants at the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi, Kenya (AKUHN). The relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 25OHD, parathyroid hormone (PTH), maternal vitamin D supplementation, and sunlight exposure were also determined. Subjects and methods: Blood from 98 infants was assayed for 25OHD, calcium, phosphate, and PTH. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (p < 0.05). Results: The prevalence of VDD (25OHD <12 ng/mL), vitamin D insufficiency (VDI, 25OHD 12-20 ng/mL) and vitamin D sufficiency (VDS, 25OHD >20 ng/mL) was 11.2% (95% CI 8.0%-14.4%), 12.2% (95% CI 8.9%-15.5%), and 76.5% (95% CI 72.3%-80.8%) respectively. There was no difference in the mean age, head circumference, length, or weight of infants in VDD, VDI, and VDS groups. PTH was elevated when 25OHD was <12 ng/mL and normal when 25OHD was between 12-20 ng/mL. 25OHD and PTH were normal in infants whose mothers received vitamin D supplements. Infants who received <30 minutes/day of exposure to sunlight were 5 times more likely to have VDI than infants who received ≥30 minutes/day (p = 0.042). Conclusions: The prevalence of VDD in exclusively breastfed infants at AKUHN is low. The current national policy that recommends exclusive breastfeeding of infants in the first 6 months of life appears to be effective in staving off vitamin D deficiency but those infants with < 30 minutes sunlight exposure may benefit from low dose supplemental vitamin D during times of low sunlight exposure.

Alopecia areata y vitamina D sérica en pacientes iraquíes: un estudio de casos y controles / Alopecia Areata And Serum Vitamin D in Iraqi Patients: a case-control study

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a typical hair issue, which may have obliterating mental and social outcomes and is portrayed by the nearness of nonscarring alopecia. Objective: This examination has targets to assess the serum nutrient D levels , with AA; contrast the outcome and clearly sound control; and confirm relationship between AA types and serum nutrient D levels. Patients Also Methods: the examine might have been led clinched alongside Tikrit educating healing facility throughout those time starting with June 2019 of the limit for January 2020. Irrefutably the quantity of subjects associated with the assessment was ninety individuals isolated in two social events; the patients bundle were forty five the people who whimper of AA while the resulting gathering including a forty five age and sex-made solid volunteers were picked as a benchmark gathering. The degree and movement of the alopecia were noted and the patients were meticulously broke down for signs of various ailments. Research center assessments were led to patients and also to those control population, these included serum vitamin D levels were measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D {25(OH)D} using a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. Blood models were gotten starting with patients and control subjects after totally taught consent was gotten. Results : An essential complexity may have been found for serum 25-OH Vit D levels between patients other than controls. Vitamin D sufficiency were more common in controls than in patients. Serum Vitamin D was deficient in both cases and controls group; but, the deficiency was significantly more throughout AA group (35. 6%) compared to the handle group (11. 1%). Among the list patients gathering, levels associated with nutrient D were totally higher in guys in contrast with females. Conclusions: AA might be related with nutrient D deficiency as mean degrees of nutrient D of patients were seen as fundamentally lower than typical sound controls.

Circulating level of 25(OH)D3 with risk factors of asymptomatic adenoma and proximal non-adenoma colorectal polyps / Níveis circulantes de 25(OH)D3 com fatores de risco de adenoma assintomático e pólipos colorretais proximais sem adenoma

ABSTRACT Background: An inverse association between circulating vitamin D and adenoma risk hasbeen reported, but less is known about proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic polyps.Purpose: To investigate circulating 25(OH)D3and risk factors of proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic and adenoma colorectal polyps.Methods: From January 2017 to June 2019, consecutive asymptomatic average-risk partic-ipants undergoing initial screening colonoscopy. Questionnaires provided information oncolorectal polyp risk factors, and plasma samples were assayed for 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D ­25(OH)D3. The colorectal polyps were assessed, and medical history and demographic datawere obtained from each patient.Results: Of the 220 asymptomatic subjects, the prevalence of proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic polyps and adenoma polyps were 16.8%; 18.1% and 22.2%, respectively.Multivariate analysis revealed that low vitamin D (25(OH)D3< 18 ng/mL, OR = 3.94; 95%CI: 1.81­9.51) and current/former smoking (OR = 6.85; 95% CI: 2.98­15.70), high bodymass index (BMI > 24, OR = 5.32, 95% CI: 2.62­4.71) were independent predictors forproximal inflammatory-hyperplastic colorectal polyps (non-adenoma). Low vitamin D(25(OH)D3< 18 ng/mL, OR = 7.75; 95% CI: 3.19­18.80) and current/former smoking (OR = 3.75;95% CI: 1.30­10.81), age over 60 years old (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.02­5.57), were independentpredictors for adenoma colorectal polyps.Conclusion: Low vitamin D and smoking are common risk factors for both adenomatous andproximal inflammatory hyperplastic polyps. Old age and BMI are additional risk factors forthe development of adenomatous and non-adenomatous colorectal polyps.

RESUMO Background: An inverse association between circulating vitamin D and adenoma risk hasbeen reported, but less is known about proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic polyps.Purpose: To investigate circulating 25(OH)D3and risk factors of proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic and adenoma colorectal polyps.Methods: From January 2017 to June 2019, consecutive asymptomatic average-risk partic-ipants undergoing initial screening colonoscopy. Questionnaires provided information oncolorectal polyp risk factors, and plasma samples were assayed for 25-Hydroxyvitamin-D ­25(OH)D3. The colorectal polyps were assessed, and medical history and demographic datawere obtained from each patient.Results: Of the 220 asymptomatic subjects, the prevalence of proximal inflammatory-hyperplastic polyps and adenoma polyps were 16.8%; 18.1% and 22.2%, respectively.Multivariate analysis revealed that low vitamin D (25(OH)D3< 18 ng/mL, OR = 3.94; 95%CI: 1.81­9.51) and current/former smoking (OR = 6.85; 95% CI: 2.98­15.70), high bodymass index (BMI > 24, OR = 5.32, 95% CI: 2.62­4.71) were independent predictors forproximal inflammatory-hyperplastic colorectal polyps (non-adenoma). Low vitamin D(25(OH)D3< 18 ng/mL, OR = 7.75; 95% CI: 3.19­18.80) and current/former smoking (OR = 3.75;95% CI: 1.30­10.81), age over 60 years old (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.02­5.57), were independentpredictors for adenoma colorectal polyps.Conclusion: Low vitamin D and smoking are common risk factors for both adenomatous andproximal inflammatory hyperplastic polyps. Old age and BMI are additional risk factors forthe development of adenomatous and non-adenomatous colorectal polyps.

Association of Early-Onset Sepsis and Vitamin D Deficiency in Term Neonates

Objective: To determine if vitamin D status is affected in term neonates with early onsetsepsis and its association with outcome. Methods: Study was done at a level 3 neonatal uniton 140 neonates. Term neonates with early onset sepsis (study group, 70 patients) andwithout sepsis (control group, 70 patients) were enrolled. Results: Mean neonatal vitaminD level in the study group was 16.00 (10.49) ng/mL and in the control group, was29.07(8.36) ng/mL (P =0.061). In the study group 80% (n=56) babies had low vitamin Dlevels (<32 ng/mL) among whom 51.7% (n=29) had severe vitamin D deficiency (<11ng/mL).In the control group, 58.5% (n=41) had low vitamin D levels of whom, 9.8% (n=4) hadsevere vitamin D deficiency (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Mortality and highlyprobable sepsis were more common with vitamin D levels <11ng/mL in the study group(P= 0.005 and P=0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Vitamin D is deficient in neonates withearly onset sepsis and is associated with increased sepsis severity and mortality.

Study of correlation between maternal and cord blood vitamin D3 levels

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and in newborn period is common in this country. Vitamin D status of the mother is known to influence the vitamin D levels in the neonate, however how closely the maternal vitamin D level correlates with the cord blood Vitamin D is not clearly understood. To study the correlation between maternal and neonatal serum Vitamin D3 levels by as indicated by cord blood 25(OH)D levels and find out if there is a significant variation of cord blood 25(OH)D levels in Vitamin D sufficient and insufficient mothers.Methods: Healthy pregnant women between 18-45 years of age with no known history of chronic disease or long-term medication, consenting for the study were enrolled. Maternal blood sample was collected in peripartum period, cord blood sample was obtained after delivery from the umbilical cord after clamping. Vitamin D3 levels were measured by RIA and paired maternal and cord blood levels were statistically analyzed.Results: 569 paired samples of maternal and cord blood were analyzed. The mean maternal serum 25(OH)D level was 35.63ng/ml (sd 6.18, range 9.2-39.8) as compared to 13.52ng/ml (sd 3.79, range 7.9-27) for the neonates. 457 of the mothers were found to have sufficient, 101(18%) insufficient and 11(2%) deficient Vitamin D levels as per Endocrinological Society guidelines. In comparison, 535(94%) of the neonates had deficient levels, none of the neonates had sufficient Vitamin D levels, 34(5.99%) had insufficient levels. No significant correlation was found between maternal and neonatal serum vitamin 25(OH)D levels (r=0.007, P=0.85).Conclusions: Maternal and Cord blood serum Vitamin D3 levels were found to be poorly correlated in this study.

Can Current Recommendations on Sun Exposure Sufficiently Increase Serum Vitamin D Level?: One-Month Randomized Clinical Trial

BACKGROUND: Lack of sunlight exposure is the primary reason for the worldwide epidemic of vitamin D deficiency. Although recommended sunlight exposure guidelines exist, there is no evidence regarding whether current guidelines are optimal for increasing vitamin D levels among individuals with vitamin D deficiency.METHODS: Sixty Korean adults aged 20–49 years with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels of < 20 ng/mL were randomly assigned to three groups: sunlight exposure (n = 20), vitamin D supplementation groups (n = 20), and daily living (n = 20) for 1 month. The sunlight exposure group had sunlight exposure on 20% to 30% of their body surface areas for 30–60 minutes per day, 3 times a week during the summer season. Vitamin D supplementation was prescribed with 800 IU/day of vitamin D. The serum levels of 25(OH)D were measured at baseline and at 1-month follow-up examinations.RESULTS: The largest change in serum 25(OH)D was observed among the vitamin D supplementation group (+3.5 ng/mL, P < 0.001). The sunlight exposure group showed a slight increase in serum 25(OH)D level, but the absolute increase was less than one-third that of the vitamin D supplementation group (+0.9 ng/mL, P = 0.043). Only two participants in the sunlight exposure reached serum concentrations of 25(OH)D ≥ 20 ng/mL at follow-up. The daily living group showed no difference in vitamin D levels (−0.7 ng/mL, P = 0.516).CONCLUSION: Sunlight exposure was not sufficient to overcome vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in the current study subjects. Effectiveness of current sunlight exposure guidelines among various populations should be reassessed in larger clinical studies.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0002671

Association of Maternal and Cord Plasma Total, Free and Bioavailable 25-Hyrodroxyvitamin D with Neonatal Anthropometric Measurements at Birth: A Preliminary Study in a Private Hospital

@#Introduction: 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is the principal biomarker of vitamin D status. In circulation, 25OHD is primarily bound to vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), leaving a small proportion bound to albumin and as free form. Previous studies have suggested that free 25OHD is better correlated with health outcomes. However, in pregnancy where VDBP level is extremely elevated, the correlations between free 25OHD with health outcomes are far from conclusive. Here we show the associations of maternal and cord total, free and bioavailable 25OHD concurrently with neonatal anthropometric measurements in healthy pregnant mothers-neonates pairs. Method: Total 25OHD level was measured by using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Free and bioavailable 25OHD were calculated using published mathematical models. Results: The results showed that birth weight and head circumference were negatively associated with maternal total 25OHD but not significantly associated with free and bioavailable 25OHD. There were no significant associations between cord total, free and bioavailable 25OHD with any of the neonatal anthropometric measurements. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study should encourage further research in a larger sample size. Notably, future research could lead to the establishment of causative relationships and plausible mechanisms between maternal and cord 25OHD with neonatal anthropometric measurements.

Vitamin D status is associated with high BMI, working status and gravidity among pregnant Malaysian women

@#Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with adverse health outcomes in pregnancy and newborns. This study aims to determine the Vitamin D status among pregnant Malaysian women and its associations with specific maternal & pregnancy characteristics. Methods: This study utilised cross-sectional data from a prospective cohort study of pregnant women in Seremban district in which 259 pregnant women had available vitamin D data. Blood samples were taken <14th week of gestation. Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were analysed using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology on the ARCHITECT iSystem and categorised using the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2011 cutoffs. A set of pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographics, obstetrics, and anthropometry. Results: Mean serum 25(OH)D was 32.83±11.37nmol/L. The prevalence of severe and mild VDD was 23.2% (n=60) and 68.3% (n=177), respectively. About 8.5% (n=22) of pregnant women were vitamin D insufficient and none had sufficient serum 25(OH)D (>75nmol/L). Early pregnancy body mass index (AOR=2.95, 95% CI=1.03-8.47), working status (AOR=3.17, 95% CI=1.06–9.50) and gravidity (AOR=0.68, 95% CI=0.48–0.98) were significantly associated with VDD. Conclusion: The present study showed a high prevalence of VDD among pregnant women in Malaysia, especially among those who were overweight or obese, working in indoor environment and primigravida.

Value of systolic to diastolic velocity ratio and 25-hydroxyvitamin D evaluation in early prediction of preeclampsia / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of maternal serum 25(OH)D level and bilateral uterine artery S/D mean in early prediction of pre-eclampsia(PE). Methods Sixty normal pregnancy women(normal group),40 mild preeclampsia women(MPE group)and 60 severe preeclampsia women(SPE group)who were examined in Changzhou First People′s Hospital and Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2016 and June 2018 were included. The mean value of S/D of bilateral uterine artery was measured from 15th to 20th weeks in all the 3 groups,and serum 25(OH)D level of the mother was measured at 24th week. Meanwhile, the ROC curves of S/D mean value,serum 25(OH)D level and combined detection were drawn to compare the area under each curve(AUC),and the diagnostic efficiency of S/D mean value,serum 25(OH)D level and combined detection PE were also calculated. Results The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome in SPE group was significantly higher than that in MPE group,and that in MPE group was significantly higher than that in normal group(P < 0.05). The mean value of S/D of bilateral uterine artery in SPE group was(4.09 ± 0.62),which was higher than that in MPE group(3.26 + 0.55)and in normal group(2.62 ± 0.51),while the mean value of S/D in MPE group was significantly higher than that in normal group and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The level of serum 25(OH)D in SPE group was(32.44 ± 5.84),which was significantly lower than that in MPE group(37.15 ± 5.90)and in normal group(42.57 ± 7.44),while the serum 25(OH)D level in MPE group was significantly lower than that in normal group,and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). The mean value of S/D of bilateral uterine artery in the pre-eclampsia group was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D level(r = -0.66,P < 0.01). The area under the ROC curve separately detected by S/D mean value and 25(OH)D level was 0.787 and 0.719 respectively,both of which were lower than that by jointly detection(0.908)and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.001). Conclusion Both the mean S/D value of bilateral uterine arteries and serum 25(OH)D level can be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of pre-eclampsia,and the diagnostic efficacy of the combined detection is superior to that of single detection.

Association between vitamin D intake and bone mineral density in Koreans aged ≥ 50 years: analysis of the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey using a newly established vitamin D database

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal growth and maintenance and in the prevention of various diseases. We investigated the relationship between vitamin D intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean adults aged ≥ 50 years using the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted in 1,808 subjects aged ≥ 50 years with BMD data in Korea. Dietary vitamin D levels were assessed by the 24-hour recall method. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We investigated general characteristics and the association between these characteristics, vitamin D status, and BMD. RESULTS: Vitamin D intake was significantly lower in the osteoporosis group among women (P 2.51 µg/day (average intake of women) was higher than that of women with a vitamin D intake ≤ 2.51 µg/day (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Korean adults should increase their BMD by increasing serum 25(OH)D concentration. Furthermore, increasing vitamin D intake could improve BMD, especially in Korean women who consume less calcium than the estimated average requirement.