RESUMO
@# Corona virus SARS-CoV-2-induced viral disease (COVID-19) is a zoonotic disease that was initially transmitted from animals to humans. The virus surfaced towards the end of December 2019 in Wuhan, China where earlier SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) had also surfaced in 2003. Unlike SARS, SARS-CoV-2 (a close relative of the SARS virus) created a pandemic, and as of February 24 2021, caused 112,778,672 infections and 2,499,252 deaths world-wide. Despite the best efforts of scientists, no drugs against COVID-19 are yet in sight; five vaccines have received emergency approval in various countries, but it would be a difficult task to vaccinate twice the world population of 8 billion. The objective of the present study was to evaluate through in silico screening a number of phytochemicals in Allium cepa (onion) regarding their ability to bind to the main protease of COVID-19 known as the 3C-like protease or 3CLpro, (PDB ID: 6LU7), 3CLpro of SARS (PDB ID: 3M3V), and human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), [PDB ID: 1R42], which functions as a receptor for entry of the virus into humans. Molecular docking (blind docking, that is docking not only against any target pocket) were done with the help of AutoDockVina. It was observed that of the twenty-two phytochemicals screened, twelve showed good binding affinities to the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. Surprisingly, the compounds also demonstrated good binding affinities to ACE-2. It is therefore very likely that the binding affinities shown by these compounds against both 3CLpro and ACE-2 merit further study for their potential use as therapeutic agents.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: Se realizó una revisión que asoció de modo indirecto los efectos del ejercicio físico y los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de Covid-19 con el objetivo de aportar más antecedentes a una posible relación descrita previamente. FUENTES: Se obtuvo la información desde las bases de datos de PubMed y Sciencedirect. MÉTODOS: Fueron incluidos artículos descriptivos y experimentales considerando que la evidencia estuviese respaldada por datos estadísticamente significativos. La información se organizó relacionando los mecanismos compartidos por el ejercicio y la fisiopatología de Covid-19. RESULTADOS: Se logró establecer una asociación bastante concluyente, considerando que la información recopilada guarda una relación indirecta. Conclusiones: El ejercicio físico es un potencial factor protector que podría impedir el avance del virus y sus consecuencias en el organismo posterior a un eventual contagio. Para confirmar definitivamente esta hipótesis es necesario estudiar los efectos del ejercicio físico en condiciones que contemplen una relación más directa con la enfermedad.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to create a background from the relationship between the pathophysiological mechanisms of Covid-19, the activity of the ACE2 receptor and the effects of physical exercise. SOURCES: Studies were obtained from PubMed and Science direct databases. METHODS: Descriptive and experimental articles were selected, considering that the evidence was supported by statistically significant data. Subsequently, the information was organized by establishing relationships between the pathophysiology of Covid-19 and the physiological mechanisms of exercise. RESULTS: A logical and coherent association was formulated between ACE2 receptor activity, the effects of physical exercise, and the pathophysiological mechanisms of Covid-19. CONCLUSIONS: There is common relationship between Physiological mechanisms and physical exercise with Covid-19. We could establish as incipient evidence an eventual protective role of physical exercise within this disease. Future research could support prevention measures that include the practice of physical exercise.