Small peptide KR-12-a5 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymalstem cells / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To investigate the effect of KR-12 analog, KR-12-a5, on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs). Methods: Osteogenic differentiation-related experiments were performed using HBMSCs. KR-12-a5 was used as additional stimulation under osteogenesis inducing environment. By alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining assay, ALP quantitative assay, alizarin red staining and elution quantitative analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the effect of KR-12-a5 on osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs was verified. Results: As the concentration of KR-12-a5 increased, the staining intensity of ALP and alizarin red also increased. The strongest staining effect was exhibited at the highest concentration (50 μg/mL) of KR-12-a5. Quantitative tests showed similar results. After 3 days of stimulation with KR-12-a5, the mRNA level of RUNX2 increased in a dose-dependent manner. On the 7th day, the expression levels of ALP, COL1A1, BSP and BMP2 in the KR-12-a5-treated group showed significant changes. On the 14th day, OSX, OCN and OPN levels increased significantly. Conclusion: KR-12-a5 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of HBMSCs in a dose-dependent manner.

Profound Study for Functions of Antimicrobial Peptides in Prevention of Oral Disease.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a widespread distribution in human body and have antimicrobial activity against microorganisms with wide-range class of host-defense molecules. These are small cationic peptides that play an important role in the development of innate immunity with activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria, parasites, fungi and some viruses. In the oral cavity, the AMPs are produced by the salivary glands and the oral epithelium and serve as defensive purposes. At least forty-five identifiable antimicrobial gene products found in saliva are secreted from oral epithelial cells, salivary glands and neutrophils. AMPs also serve as effective biological molecules in immune response activation, inflammation and wound healing The aim of this review was to discuss the types and functions of oral AMPs and their role in combating microorganisms and infections in the oral cavity. AMPs have a promising potential to be used against oral microbes in order to control their growth and biofilm formation. There are many challenges that need to be overcome in order to design and synthesize AMPs that have the ability to with stand the unique and harsh oral environment. AMPs are expected in the future to be used as models for developing effective oral microbial antibiotics.

Isolation and charecterization of an antimicrobial protein from the liver of goat (capra hircus)

Antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) have become recognized as important components of the non specific host defense or innate system in a variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, insects, birds, amphibians, mammals and crustaceans. In the present study an AMP was isolated from the liver of CAPRA HIRCUS (Goat). Protein was isolated from the freshly collected liver tissue. Further acidic, basic and neutral fractions of protein were obtained and their antimicrobial activity was checked against B. Subtilis, E. Coli, P. Vulgaris and Enterobacter. The protein fractions having antimicrobial activity was subjected to SDS PAGE. The separated fractions were further processed for mass spectroscopy (LCQ-Fleet Mass Spectrophotometer) and their mass was deduced by the spectral data analysis. The amino acid sequence (FGGGMA) was deduced from the peaks obtained in mass spectroscopy which was having mass of 0.8 KD.

Study of Adult Stroke Patients and Improvement in Activities of Daily Living from Time of Stroke to Two Months Thereafter

BACKGROUNDS: A stroke is a disease of the nervous system which is accompanied by important chronic disabilities and emotional disorders. These disabilities causes loss of sensation(diminished basic movement). METHODS: Sensation rehabilitation therapy through Activities of Daily Living(ADL) Training is necessary. Reports show that patients who receive occupational therapy in the early stages have an extremely high rate of recovery in the early stages. It is important for a occupational therapist to provide continued reha- bilitative treatment to, enable the patient to accomplish Activities of Daily Living Training independently by treating everything from sustaining posture in bed to normal movement and improvement in sensory perception. occupational therapy refers to the `use of self` of a occupational therapist to help the patient overcome difficulties and increase abilities of the patients by applying knowledge, skill, care and basic patient merits. RESULTS: A occupational therapist must have the basic knowledge, self-confidence and individual skills for a systematic program of therapy in order to be able to communicate with the patient and increase the effectiveness of the therapy. CONCLUSION: This study showed that therapy for patients who received therapy soon after diagnosis of stroke showed to be greatly effective. A deeper study must be done in order to increase effectiveness of occupational therapy methods such as the NDT(treatment to improve normal movement sensation) and SI method(treatment to increase sensitivity of perceptive movement and to give the ability to position objects according to shape and location).