RESUMO
We developed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect aac(6 ')/aph(2 "), aph(3 ')-IIIa, and ant(4 ')-Ia, the genes encoding the most clinically relevant amino-glycoside modifying enzymes (AME), and simultaneously, the methicillin resistant gene, mecA, in Staphylococcus species. Clinical isolates of 45 S. aureus and 47 coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from tertiary university hospitals were tested by conventional susceptibility testing, using the agar dilution method and by multiplex PCR. Of a total of 92 isolates, 61 isolates were found to be methicillin-resistant. Of these, 54 isolates (89%) were found to be harboring mecA. Seventy-five percent of the 92 isolates demonstrated resistance to at least one of the aminoglycosides tested. Moreover, resistance to aminoglycosides was closely associated with methicillin-resistance (p<0.05). The most prevalent AME gene was aac(6 ')/aph(2 ") which was found in 65% of the isolates, and ant(4 ')-Ia and aph(3 ')-IIIa were present in 41% and 9% of the isolates, respectively. The concordance between methicillin-resistance and the presence of mecA gene was 98% in S. aureus and 81% in CNS. The concordance between gentamicin resistance and the presence of aac(6 ')/aph(2 ") gene was 100% in S. aureus and 85% in CNS. The multiplex PCR method that we developed appears to be both a more rapid and reliable than conventional method.
Assuntos
Humanos , Aminoglicosídeos/farmacologia , DNA/química , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Meticilina/farmacologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Especificidade da Espécie , Staphylococcus aureus/genéticaRESUMO
We developed multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect aac(6 ')/aph(2 "), aph(3 ')-IIIa, and ant(4 ')-Ia, the genes encoding the most clinically relevant amino-glycoside modifying enzymes (AME), and simultaneously, the methicillin resistant gene, mecA, in Staphylococcus species. Clinical isolates of 45 S. aureus and 47 coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from tertiary university hospitals were tested by conventional susceptibility testing, using the agar dilution method and by multiplex PCR. Of a total of 92 isolates, 61 isolates were found to be methicillin-resistant. Of these, 54 isolates (89%) were found to be harboring mecA. Seventy-five percent of the 92 isolates demonstrated resistance to at least one of the aminoglycosides tested. Moreover, resistance to aminoglycosides was closely associated with methicillin-resistance (p<0.05). The most prevalent AME gene was aac(6 ')/aph(2 ") which was found in 65% of the isolates, and ant(4 ')-Ia and aph(3 ')-IIIa were present in 41% and 9% of the isolates, respectively. The concordance between methicillin-resistance and the presence of mecA gene was 98% in S. aureus and 81% in CNS. The concordance between gentamicin resistance and the presence of aac(6 ')/aph(2 ") gene was 100% in S. aureus and 85% in CNS. The multiplex PCR method that we developed appears to be both a more rapid and reliable than conventional method.
Assuntos
Humanos , Aminoglicosídeos/farmacologia , DNA/química , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Meticilina/farmacologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Especificidade da Espécie , Staphylococcus aureus/genéticaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de 15 pacientes con empiema pleural, ingresados en el Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Comandante Manuel Fajardo", en el período de enero de 1995 a diciembre de 1997. La forma aguda se presentó en 5 enfermos, mientras que la crónica se presentó en 10. La neumopatía inflamatoria fue la causa más frecuente. La mayoría fue tratada con combinaciones de antibióticos betalactámicos y aminoglucósidos, complementada con terapéutica quirúrgica. En la forma aguda resultó útil el lavado pleural, mientras que en la crónica el proceder más utilizado fue la decorticación, seguido de la ventana torácica y la resección pulmonar. Sólo falleció un enfermo con un cáncer de pulmón avanzado.
A prospective study of 15 patients with pleural empyema admitted at the "Comandante Manuel Fajardo" Clinical and Surgical Teaching Hospital from January, 1995, to December, 1997, was conducted. The acute form was observed in 3 patients and the chronic form in 10. The inflammatory neumopathy was the most frequent cause. Most of the patients were treated with combinations of lactam and amynoglycoside antibiotics, complemented with surgical therapeutics. In the acute form pleural lavage proved to be useful, whereas in the chronic form the most used procedure was decortication, followed by thoracic window and pulmonary resection. Only one patient died with advanced lung cancer.
RESUMO
Se realizó un estudio del uso de antibióticos aminoglucósidos en 70 pacientes con diagnóstico de infección respiratoria baja. Se demostró la poca efectividad de estos antimicrobianos en nuestra investigación. Se efectuó un análisis de los costos de tiempo hospitalario y antibióticos empleados en 50 casos que adquirieron la infección en la comunidad y se comparó con un grupo de 50 pacientes con el mismo diagnóstico tratados con cefazolina. Se obtuvieron resultados significativos en cuanto a la eficacia, disminución de la estadía y costo hospitalarios así como el consumo de antibióticos. En nuestro trabajo se determinó que con el uso de la cefazolina se logró un ahorro considerable de $ 11 055,98.
A study on the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics was conducted among 70 patients with diagnosis of low respiratory infection. The low effectiveness of these antimicrobial drugs was proved in this research. It was made an analysis of the hospital stay costs and of the antibiotics used in 50 cases that got infected in the community. It was also made a comparison with a group of 50 patients with the same diagnosis treated with cefazolin. Significant results were obtained concerning efficacy, and the reduction of hospital stay and cost, and of antibiotics consumption. A considerable saving of $ 11 055.98 was attained with the use of cefazolin.