Revisión bibliográfica: ecografía intraparto / Review: intrapartum ultrasound

The evaluation of labor is the clinical process by which variables are analyzed in order to determine whether the patient is in labor, which by definition includes regular uterine contractions that increase in frequency and intensity, associated with dilation cervical. This is done through the anamnesis and physical examination, specifically through the evaluation of contractions and vaginal examination, the latter is intended to specify the degree of dilation, cervical effacement that the patient presents and also allows to a certain degree, establish the presentation, attitude and variety of position in which the fetus is located. From this premise, it is proposed that vaginal examination, since it is operator dependent, is not an objective evaluation, therefore, there is a need to reach consensus on the evaluation, and in order to carry it out, evaluation with ultrasound is proposed, which has as a purpose to objectify the variety of position and presentation of the fetus. Due to the above, this article aims to capture the knowledge that is currently possessed about the uses and methodology that intrapartum ultrasound presents.

Degradation kinetics of organic matter in dairy industry wastewater by flotation/ozonation processes / Cinética de degradação da matéria orgânica nas águas residuárias da indústria de laticínios pelos processos de flotação/ozonização

This study evaluated the adjustment of four kinetic models and their respective parameters on data of dairy wastewater treatment by the physico-chemical process of flotation and ozonation. The experiment was implemented during the year 2014, with all the tests in triplicate. The treatments were carried out at different pH levels (3.6, 7.0 and 10.4), and flotation/ozonation was catalyzed by manganese (Mn2+) in neutral level (pH 7.0). Best removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand (COD) were obtained in acidic medium, with removals greater than 75% after 20 min of treatment. There was no significant difference with regards to addition of Mn2+ on COD removal by the physicochemical process. The kinetic models that best fit to the experimental data, for all treatments, were the asymptotic (residual) model and that of Chan and Chu. Treatment in acidic medium showed the highest values of the kinetic parameters for the adjusted model, obtaining a k coefficient equal to 0.2394 min-1 for the asymptotic model and kinetic coefficient 1/ of 0.4816 min-1 for the Chan and Chu model, both presenting a determination coefficient greater than 99%.

Neste estudo, avaliou-se o ajuste de quatro modelos cinéticos (modelo de escoamento pistonado, mistura completa, assintótico ou residual e de Chan e Chu e seus respectivos parâmetros, na degradação da matéria orgânica presente no efluente de laticínios pelo processo físico-químico de flotação e ozonização. O experimento foi implementado durante o ano de 2014, com todos os testes em triplicata, os s tratamentos foram realizados sob diferentes pHs (3,6; 7,0 e 10,4), além da flotação/ozonização catalisada pelo manganês (Mn2+) em meio neutro. Observando que em meio ácido ocorreram as melhores eficiências de remoção da demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), tendo sido obtida uma remoção superior a 75% em 20 min de tratamento. Não houve diferença significativa em relação à adição de Mn2+ ao processo físico-químico. Os modelos que mais se ajustaram aos dados experimentais, para todos os tratamentos realizados, foram o modelo assintótico e o de Chan e Chu. O tratamento em meio ácido foi o que apresentou os maiores valores dos parâmetros cinéticos para os modelos ajustados, obtendo-se para o modelo assintótico, coeficiente k igual a 0,2394 min-1, e para o modelo de Chan e Chu, coeficiente cinético 1/ de 0,4816 min-1, apresentando para ambos os modelos um coeficiente de determinação superior a 99%.

Effect of antioxidant peptide AOP1 on healing repair of skin burns in mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect and mechanism of antioxidant peptide AOP1 on repair of skin burn wound healing in mice.Methods Fluorescence probe DCFH-DA was used to detect the changes of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).Cell proliferation and migration assay were used to detect AOP1 toxicity and its effect on wound healing.Moreover,the skin scald wound was made on the shaved dorsum of the anesthetized mice with a 1.0 cm diameter brass cylinder heated in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 2 min and pressed against the rat skin for 10 s.The effects of AOP1 on the healing of skin burns were observed by HE and Masson staining and the contents of MDA and the activity of SOD in skin tissues were measured.Results The antioxidant peptide AOP1 could significantly reduce the number of ROS in HaCaT and L929 cells,and promote cell migration and proliferation.Compared with the untreated group,the skin healing time of AOP1 group was short,the healing rate was high,the area of scab was small,and inflammation and the content of MDA in burned tissue significantly decreased.The effect of AOP1 on healing of burn wound healing was also confirmed by HE and Masson staining.Conclusion It is suggested that the antioxidant peptide AOP1 with natural activity may promote the healing of skin burns by reducing the oxidative stress caused by burns.

In vitro method for skin sensitization based on dendritic cell activation / 中国比较医学杂志

Allergy contact dermatitis is a type IV delayed type hypersensitivity that is induced by exogenous compounds and involves many cell types. Traditional animal testing uses guinea pigs or mice as a model. With progress of the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)on skin sensitization, a concept for development of alternative methods based on a molecular initiating event and key events is provided. Dendritic cell(DC)activation plays a key role in the AOP. Many alternative methods have been developed,with several methods validated and accepted as guidance for assays. This paper examines DC screening, characteristics of test parameters, and limitations and applicability of DC-derived methods. Progress on interactions between DCs and other cells, co-culture systems, and the human body-on-a-chip will also be introduced. Altogether,this paper will provide information for optimization of in vitro alternative methods for sensitization detection.

O uso da cavitação hidrodinâmica aplicado ao tratamento de água / Use of the cavitation hydrodynamics applied to water treatment

A cavitação hidrodinâmica se apresenta como um processo oxidativo avançado (POA), permitindo integrar-se aos processos de tratamento de água para consumo humano. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de diferentes reatores de cavitação hidrodinâmica para tratar água contaminada com esgoto doméstico, avaliando a contaminação microbiológica e os parâmetros físico-químicos. Foram construídos três modelos de reatores com diferentes rotores (R1, R2 e R3). Os resultados obtidos nos reatores R1, R2 e R3 mostraram redução nas concentrações dos parâmetros químicos em todas as amostras, particularmente nitritos, nitratos, bicarbonatos e dureza total, ao passo que a contaminação microbiológica teve inativação completa dos microrganismos estudados (coliformes totais e Escherichia coli).

The hydrodynamic cavitation is presented as an advanced oxidation process (AOP), allowing to integrate the processes of water treatment for human consumption. This research aimed to investigate the effects of different hydrodynamic cavitation reactors for treating water contaminated with sewage, evaluating the microbiological contamination and physicochemical parameters. Three models were constructed with different rotors reactors (R1, R2 and R3). The results obtained in the reactors R1, R2 and R3 have shown a reduction in the concentrations of chemical parameters in all samples, particularly nitrites, nitrates, bicarbonates, and total hardness, while the microbiological contamination was completely inactivation (total coliforms and Escherichia coli).

Bilateral Paramedian Thalamic Infarction due to Occlusion of Artery of Percheron

The thalamic vascular supply is categorized into the anterior, paramedian, inferolateral, and posterior territories. The artery of Percheron (AOP), a solitary trunk that is an uncommon anatomic variant, provides bilateral arterial supply to the paramedian thalami and the rostral midbrain. Occlusion of this artery results in bilateral thalamic and mesencephalic infarctions. The case described herein is of a patient with AOP who presented with the sudden onset of lethargy.

Bilateral Paramedian Thalamic Infarction due to Occlusion of Artery of Percheron

The thalamic vascular supply is categorized into the anterior, paramedian, inferolateral, and posterior territories. The artery of Percheron (AOP), a solitary trunk that is an uncommon anatomic variant, provides bilateral arterial supply to the paramedian thalami and the rostral midbrain. Occlusion of this artery results in bilateral thalamic and mesencephalic infarctions. The case described herein is of a patient with AOP who presented with the sudden onset of lethargy.

Correlation between image quality and radiation dose on screening mammography / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To obtain the matched parameters between image quality and radiation dose by exploring the influence of the exposure parameters of screening mammography on both the image quality and radiation dose.Methods The correlation between the exposure parameters and average glandular doses to 507 patients undergoing screening mammography were retrospectively analyzed.The influence of breast compression thickness on radiation dose by exposing different thickness of PMMA was obtained.The correlation with image quality was analyzed by combined testing of contrast detail test mode ( CDMAM3.4 )and different thickness of PMMAs.Results The groups aged 30 to 49 years were the main groups in 507examined patients,up to 67.06％ of the total.The mean value of average gland doses ( AGD ) in contrastprior mode was the highest in three kinds of exposure modes,accounting for 137.5％ of standard mode.In standard mode,target material/filtration board combination was Mo/Mo,Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh,accounting for 1/3 respectively.Mo/Rh and Rh/Rh were selected in dose-prior mode,accounting for 50％ respectively.Mo/Mo was mainly selected in contrast-prior,accounting for 52％.Breast compression thickness was positively correlated with average gland doses.Image quality figure inverse (IQFinv) under three kinds of modes (STD,DOSE,CNT) was 98.32,95.41 and 107.02,respectively,and IQFinv of contrast-prior mode was the highest among them.IQFinv was in general agreement in the three kinds of exposure modes when the thickness of PMMA plates plates was greater than or equal to 5 cm.Conclusions In clinical practice,when the breast is of density type and pressed thickness is less than 4 em,the dose-prior mode should be selected.When the pressed thickness is between 4 and 6 cm,the standard exposure mode should be selected.When the pressed thickness is larger than 6 cm,the manual mode should be selected.

Ozonização em meio básico para redução de cor do licor negro de indústria de celulose de algodão / Color reduction of black liquor from cotton cellulose industry using ozonation in an alkaline medium

As indústrias de papel e celulose descartam no ambiente um grande volume de efluente contendo grande quantidade da substância lignina, que atribui coloração e apresenta considerável potencial de toxicidade. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a ozonização em meio básico para a redução de cor do licor negro gerado por uma indústria de celulose de algodão. Face aos resultados, foi possível observar que, para menores concentrações iniciais de ozônio (0,4 gO3 L-1 h-1), foi necessário um tempo mais longo de ozonização para se obter a redução desejada de 80 por cento da cor. O consumo específico de ozônio, entretanto, em comparação a experimentos com dosagens mais elevadas (4,3 gO3 L-1 h-1) foi menor. Sugere-se que o oxigênio molecular desempenhe, também, um importante papel na oxidação dos compostos, participando do mecanismo de oxidação iniciado por radical hidroxila, •OH, formado na ozonização em meio básico.

Pulp and paper mills discharge large amounts of wastewater containing high concentrations of lignin, a coloring substance that is dangerous and presents high toxicity to the environment. In this study, ozonation in alkaline ambience was evaluated for color reduction in black liquor, generated in a cotton linter mill. It was observed that the ozonation time to reach 80 percent color reduction was higher at a lower initial ozone dose (0,4 gO3 L-1 h-1) in comparison to a higher initial ozone dose (4,3 gO3 L-1 h-1). On the other hand, the amount of consumed oxidant was lower at the lower ozone dose. It is suggested that molecular oxygen participates in the oxidation mechanism of colored compounds, which is initiated by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) formed during ozonation in alkaline ambience.

Effects of Le Er Mai on apoptosis of hippocampus neuronal cells in anaphase of cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects and mechanism of Le Er Mai(LEM) on the apoptosis of hippocampus neuronal cells in the anaphase of cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in rats.METHODS:A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO) was produced with the intraluminal filament.During reperfusion for 30 d after 2 h of ischemia,the TUNEL staining methods were used to detect apoptosis of hippocampus neuronal cells,and immunohistochemical technique were employed to examine the protein expression of Fas,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the hippocampial.The gene expressions of fas,bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in hippocampial were examined by RT-PCR.RESULTS:After 2 h ischemia and 30 d reperfusion,compared with sham-operated group,TUNEL-positive staining cells and expression levels of Fas,Bax as well as caspase-3 and caspase-9 obviously increased,and the mRNA expressions of fas,bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in hippocampial markedly up-regulated in model group.Compared with model group,LEM at dose of 2.00 g/kg or 0.87 g/kg,and flunarizinum significantly reduced apoptosis and decreased the protein expressions of Fas,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 in hippocampial,and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of fas,bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9(P