RESUMO
Resumo Este estudo objetiva identificar em que medida os valores dos pais/das mães e filhos estão relacionados, considerando o tipo de transmissão (direta ou indireta) e seu poder preditivo. Participaram 204 pares de pais e filhos. Dentre as crianças, a maioria era do sexo feminino (54.7%), com idade média de 11 anos (DP=1.01). Quanto aos pais, a maioria formada por mães (69.6%), com idade média de 38 anos (DP=7.82). Os pais/as mães responderam ao Questionário dos Valores Básicos correspondente ao seu grupo etário e a questões sociodemográficas. Os resultados indicaram que os valores dos filhos são influenciados mais fortemente pelos valores percebidos em seus pais/suas mães do que pelos valores que os pais/as mães priorizam ou almejam para seus filhos, apresentando indicadores significativos nas seis subfunções valorativas. Conclui-se que, por meio do processo de socialização, a criança apreende os valores transmitidos por seus pais/suas mães a partir da observação de seus comportamentos, portanto enfatiza-se que o próprio comportamento é a melhor forma para educar os filhos.
Resumen El propósito de este estudio es identificar en qué medida los valores de los padres/madres e hijos se relacionan, teniendo en cuenta el tipo de transmisión (directa o indirecta) y su poder predictivo. Participaron 204 pares de padres e hijos. La mayoría de los niños era del sexo femenino (54.7%), con edad promedio de 11 años (DE =1.01). En cuanto a los progenitores, la mayoría fueron madres (69.6%), con edad promedio de 38 años (DE=7.82). Los progenitores contestaron la Encuesta de los Valores Básicos correspondiente a su grupo de edad y a cuestiones sociodemográficas. Los resultados señalan que los valores de los hijos son influenciados con más fuerza por los valores percibidos en sus padres/madres, que por los valores que los padres/madres priorizan o desean transmitir a sus hijos, presentando indicadores significativos en las seis subfunciones valorativas. Se concluye que, mediante el proceso de socialización, el niño aprehende los valores transmitidos por sus padres/madres desde la observación de sus conductas; por lo tanto, se enfatiza que el propio comportamiento es la mejor forma de educar a los hijos.
Abstract The objective of the study is to identify to what extent the values of fathers/mothers and children are correlated, taking into account the type of transmission (direct or indirect) and its predictive potential. Participants were 204 pairs of parents and children. Most of the children were female (54.7%), and their average age was 11 (DE=1.01). In the case of the parents, the majority were mothers (69.6%), and their average age was 38 (DE =7.82). The fathers/mothers answered the Basic Values Survey corresponding to their age group and socio-demographic aspects. Results show that children's values are more heavily influenced by the values they perceive in their fathers/mothers, than by the values the fathers/ mothers give priority to and wish to convey to their children, according to significant indicators in the six valuation sub-functions. The study concludes that, through the socialization process, children apprehend the values transmitted by their fathers/mothers by observing their conduct. Therefore, we emphasize that parents' behavior is the best way to educate children.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was done to examine actor and partner effect of self-esteem and family stress on depression of middle-aged married couples. METHODS: Participants were 133 couples aged 40-60 years, who lived in Seoul, Incheon, or Gyeonggi provinces. All measures were self-administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program. RESULTS: Husband and wife's self-esteem had an actor effect (wife beta=-.45, p<.001; husband beta=-.35, p<.001 respectively) on their depression. Wife's family stress had an actor effect (beta=.27, p=.006) on her depression and a partner effect (beta=.31, p=.002) on her husband's depression. Meanwhile, it also had an indirect effect on her depression through self-esteem (beta=-.28, p<.001). Husband's family stress did not have an actor effect or a partner effect on his depression, but it had an indirect effect on his depression through self-esteem (beta=-.35, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that to prevent the constantly increasing depression of middle-aged married couples, programs should be conducted for both of the couple, but focused differently for wife and husband.