Exploration and advance of key techniques in MALDI mass spectrometry imaging / 药学学报

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a new imaging technique with label-free, rapid, and high throughput features. It has bloomed in the analysis on the spatial distribution of biomolecules such as drugs, metabolites, peptides and proteins on the tissue surface in virtue of providing high data throughput from non-targeted full analysis and high accuracy from targeted analysis. The acquisition of MSI signal response with high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, and good stability is directly depended on the appropriate sample preparation approaches, and flexible and various data processing tools will help the non-target data mining to meet the demands of visualization, spatial distribution and multiple index applications so as to reveal the scientific rules beneath the data. This review briefly summarizes the key advances in MALDI-MSI from aspects of sample preparation procedures, data processing and visualization. It also illustrates the characteristics, difficulties and probable solutions derived from these key techniques.

Advances in high-resolution mass spectrometric-based data-mining technologies for detecting and characterizing the components and metabolites of Chinese materia medica / 药学学报

Research on the material basis of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is the basis for modernization of CMM. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a powerful tool for the qualitative analysis of the components of CMM. Some data-mining strategies based on high-resolution mass spectrometry, such as full-information tandem mass spectrometry scanning acquisition strategy, sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ions, mass detect filter, characteristic ion filter, mass spectral tree similarity filter, etc. have greatly promoted the elucidation of the qualitative basis of CMM. In order to provide methods for the rapid discovery and structural characterization of components and metabolites of CMM, this review summarized the advances in HRMS-based data-mining technologies for detecting and characterizing the compounds and metabolites of CMM, which includes class compounds, all compounds and metabolites.

Long non-coding RNA SPATA31D5P promoting proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through adsorption of microRNA-320a / 解剖学报

Objective Long non-coding RNA(lncRNA) are aberrantly expressed in breast cancer(BC) and strongly associated with its survival prognosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and effect of IncRNA SPATA31D5P on the invasion and migration capacity of breast cancer cells through adsorption of miR-320a. Methods Totally 30 cases of BC tissues and paraneoplastic tissues were collected, and the expression levels of SPATA31D5P in BC tissues and BC cell lines were detected by Real-time PCR. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with SPATA31D5P siRNA interference vector, and cell proliferation, invasion and migration capacity were determined using the cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine(EdU), Transwell and wound-healing assay respectively. And cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Bioinformatics approachs were used to screen for miRNAs that could bind complementarily to SPATA31D5P, and the regulatory effect of SPATA31D5P on miR-320a was detected by Real-time PCR and dual luciferase reporter assay. Results SPATA31D5P levels were significantly higher in BC tissues than in adjacent normal breast tissues, and SPATA31D5P expression was higher in each BC cell line than in normal breast epithelial cells MCF10 A. The level of SPATA31D5P in the interference group was 0. 288±0. 052, which was lower than that of the blank control group 1. 114±0. 096 and negative control (NC) group 1. 079±0. 128 (P< 0. 01). The proliferation activity of MDA- MB-231 cells in the interfered group was significantly reduced and apoptotic rate was obviously increased compared to the NC and control groups (P<0. 01) ;the Gj phase block was observed in the interfered group; the scratch healing rate and number of perforated cells in the interference group were (14. 36 ± 1. 75) % and (26±1.52), which were lower than (52. 25± 1.87)% and ( 67. 33 ± 2. 91 ) of the NC group (PcO.Ol). Dual luciferase experiments confirmed that SPATA31D5P could directly regulate miR-320a expression and luciferase activity. Conclusion SPATA31D5P is highly expressed in BC, interfering with SPATA31D5P expression effectively inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the mechanism may be related to the targeted regulation of miR-320a.

Quality consistency evaluation and intelligent visualization of performance parameters of carboxymethylcellulose sodium / 药学学报

In this study, physical fingerprint and multivariate statistical analysis was applied to characterize the quality consistency of different sources of carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and the visualization of R language was used to explore the intrinsic correlation on its performances, and we drew contour maps between independent variables and flowability of powder to find the design space. Through the physical fingerprint and multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that there were differences in the powder properties of carboxymethylcellulose sodium from different sources, and its moisture content, bulk density and tapped density have a great influence on the fluidity. The fillibility was positively correlated with flowability, both negatively correlated with compressibility by R intelligent visualization analysis, which was statistically significant (P < 0.01). When the angle of repose is 30° - 40°, the appropriate design space was found as 5.092 2% < moisture content < 7.006 7%, 0.560 2 g·cm-3 < bulk density < 0.579 9 g·cm-3, and 0.646 3 g·cm-3 < tapped density < 0.816 5 g·cm-3. The results show that it is scientific and feasible to evaluate the quality consistency of pharmaceutical excipients by using the physical fingerprint, multivariate statistical analysis and visualization methods, which provides new ideas for the production and quality evaluation of excipients and the development of generic prescriptions.

Declaration of Astana and preventive medicine in China / 中华预防医学杂志

At the time of the 40th anniversary of the Alma-Ata Declaration, the World Health Organization member states signed the Declaration of Astana. From Health For All to Universal Health Coverage, primary health care is consistantly identified as the key to achieving human health, and preventive services are critical and central component of primary health care. China has provided valuable experience for primary health care to countries around the world. However, with significant socioeconomic changes and rapid population aging, the contexts of primary health care and prevention services in China has undergone tremendous changes. Chronic diseases have become major burden of disease. System development and institution building, health service delivery system development, and the entire society of the country with large population are encountering new and serious challenges. On the basis of reviewing the development of preventive medical services in China for 40 years, Authors analyzes strengths and weaknesses of preventive services in China and looks forward to the challenges and opportunities in the coming decades, from perspective of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies, and proposes suggestions for future development.

Study on the comparison of diagnostic of K-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS and ATA in CAD and diagnosis of thyroid nodules by computer-assisted ultrasonography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective@#To explore the diagnostic efficiency of K-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS and ATA risk stratification in computer-aided detection and diagnosis(CAD) software and the application value of CAD-assisted ultrasound physicians in diagnosing thyroid nodules.@*Methods@#One hundred and ninety-two thyroid nodules with postoperative pathological results were retrospectively analyzed. All of them were graded by K-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS and ATA with CAD software, and the best guide was recognized by calculating the area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity. Then, based on the best guidelines for the classification criteria, the double-blind method was used to compare the ability of the same ultrasonologist to diagnose thyroid nodules before and after CAD.@*Results@#The AUC value of K-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS, ATA was 0.88, 0.77, 0.62 respectively in the CAD software. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the specificity between K-TIRADS and ATA(P=0.176), which were both higher than ACR-TIRADS with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The AUC value of the diagnosis among CAD itself, ultrasound physicians and physicians combined CAD was 0.88, 0.80, 0.93, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the sensitivity between CAD itself and physicians combined CAD(P=0.163), which were both higher than ultrasound physicians with statistical significant differences(P<0.05). Among ultrasound physicians, CAD itself and physicians combined CAD, the difference in specificity between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#All the three risk stratification systems of thyroid ultrasound in CAD software have good diagnostic values, among which K-TIRADS has the largest AUC. The CAD software can assist ultrasound physicians to improve the thyroid nodule diagnostic performance, and has a good clinical application prospect.

Study on the comparison of diagnostic of K‐TIRADS ,ACR‐TIRADS and ATA in CAD and diagnosis of thyroid nodules by computer‐assisted ultrasonography / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective To explore the diagnostic efficiency of K‐T IRADS ,ACR‐T IRADS and AT A risk stratification in computer‐aided detection and diagnosis ( CAD ) software and the application value of CAD‐assisted ultrasound physicians in diagnosing thyroid nodules . Methods One hundred and ninety‐two thyroid nodules with postoperative pathological results were retrospectively analyzed . All of them were graded by K‐T IRADS ,ACR‐T IRADS and A T A with CAD software ,and the best guide was recognized by calculating the area under the ROC curve ,sensitivity and specificity . T hen ,based on the best guidelines for the classification criteria , the double‐blind method was used to compare the ability of the same ultrasonologist to diagnose thyroid nodules before and after CAD . Results T he AUC value of K‐T IRADS , ACR‐T IRADS ,A T A was 0 .88 ,0 .77 ,0 .62 respectively in the CAD software . T he difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P ＜0 .05 ) . T here was no significant difference in the specificity between K‐T IRADS and A T A ( P ＝0 .176 ) ,w hich were both higher than ACR‐T IRADS with statistically significant differences ( P ＜ 0 .05 ) . T he AUC value of the diagnosis among CAD itself , ultrasound physicians and physicians combined CAD was 0 .88 ,0 .80 ,0 .93 ,respectively . T he difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P ＜0 .05) . T here was no significant difference in the sensitivity between CAD itself and physicians combined CAD ( P ＝0 .163 ) ,w hich were both higher than ultrasound physicians with statistical significant differences( P ＜0 .05) . Among ultrasound physicians ,CAD itself and physicians combined CAD ,the difference in specificity between the two groups was statistically significant ( P ＜0 .05) . Conclusions All the three risk stratification systems of thyroid ultrasound in CAD software have good diagnostic values ,among w hich K‐T IRADS has the largest AUC . T he CAD software can assist ultrasound physicians to improve the thyroid nodule diagnostic performance , and has a good clinical application prospect .

Identification of chemical constituents in Aster tataricus by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 药学学报

The root of Aster tataricus L. f. (RA) has been widely used in the clinic for moistening lung, dispelling phlegm and relieving cough because of its significant therapeutic effects on respiratory diseases. In this study, a systematic data acquisition and mining strategy was established aimed at solving the complexity of the traditional Chinese medicine using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). A total of 132 chemical constituents, including 43 terpenes, 31 flavonoids, 22 organic acids, 18 peptides, 9 coumarins, 3 steroids, 3 anthraquinones and 3 aldehydes were identified or tentatively characterized, among which 59 components were confirmed by comparison with the standard references. Meanwhile, the accurate mass measurements of the identified components were all with ±5 ppm error. Therefore, this work provided not only reliable data supports for the comprehensive analysis of the chemical constituents in RA, but also provided an efficient data acquisition and mining strategy to profile the chemical constituents for other traditional Chinese medicine complex system.

Differentiated Thyroid Cancer and Radioactive Iodine: Past, Present and Future

Radioiodine has been known as an important and safe armamentarium in the diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) for more than 70 years. The 2015 guidelines from the American Thyroid Association (ATA) for adults with thyroid nodules and DTC seem to be the most comprehensive guidelines in the thyroid cancer field. The 2015 ATA guidelines provided an advance in evidence-based management of DTC, and resulted in a significant change in the patterns of practice regarding the application of the radioiodine. However, the 2015 ATA guidelines also provoked much controversy because a substantial portion of the recommendations announced were not based on sufficiently strong evidence. While the number of radioiodine administrations in Korea in the year of 2018 has decreased to a level less than 50% of that in 2013, in this review, we address some of the current issues and controversies regarding the application of radioiodine for the diagnosis, ablation and treatment of DTC, especially related to the 2015 ATA guidelines. Possible strategies for the achievement of better quality in radioiodine imaging and improvement in treatment efficiency that can be used in the near future are also discussed here.

Cuarenta años después de alma ata: la actualidad de sus conceptos fundamentales / Forty years after alma-ata: currency of its fundamental concepts

RESUMEN Al conmemorarse 40 años de la Conferencia Internacional de Atención Primaria de Salud de 1978 en Alma Ata (Kazajistán, ex URSS), la vigencia de sus principios fundamentales se mantiene, siendo importante recordarlos como un referente para el futuro mediato, y proyectarlos a la salud para todos, pendiente de construir con todos.

ABSTRACT As we commemorate 40 years of the International Conference of Primary Health Care celebrated in Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan, ex-USSR) in 1978, the currency of its fundamental principles holds strong, and it is important to remember them as a referent for the near future, and to project them to every individual's health, to be built by all.

La atención primaria en salud. La experiencia peruana

Alma Ata is still in force in those experiences of comprehensive health care from all and for all that some countries have managed to implement, especially in the rural areas with populations affected by exclusion and poverty. Peru has several of them that find their roots in experiences previous to the 1978 Conference. It is interesting to confirm that many of these were initially dedicated to the care of pregnant women and newborns, and then they have translated their lessons learned to the care of the whole population.

Alma Ata sigue vigente en aquellas experiencias de Cuidado Integral de la Salud por todos y para todos que algunos países han logrado implementar, sobre todo en zonas rurales con poblaciones afectadas por la exclusión y la pobreza. El Perú detenta varias de ellas, que incluso encuentran sus raíces en experiencias previas a la Conferencia de 1978. Es interesante confirmar que muchas de estas se abocaron primero a la atención de las gestantes y recién nacidos, y luego han trasladado sus lecciones aprendidas al cuidado de toda la población.

La historia de la Conferencia de AlmaAta

The historical account of the International Conference on Primary Health Care of Alma-Ata (Soviet Union) WHO/UNICEF, the most important international health policy event in the early 70's that marked a milestone in public health in the world, is presented. It was attended by 134 countries, 67 international organizations and many non-governmental organizations. Unfortunately, China was the big absentee. At the end of the historical account, the Declaration of Alma-Ata 1978 is presented.

Se presenta el relato histórico de la Conferencia Internacional sobre Atención Primaria de la Salud de Alma-Ata (URSS) OMS/UNICEF, el evento de política de salud internacional más importante en la década de los 70 que marcó un hito en la salud pública del mundo. Contó con la presencia de 134 países, 67 organismos internacionales y muchas organizaciones no gubernamentales. Lamentablemente, China fue el gran ausente. Al final del relato histórico, se presenta la Declaración de Alma-Ata 1978.

Universal Health Care: The Changing International Discourse.

Nearly 34 years ago, in 1978 in the face of a looming crisis in the health of the world’s populations and rising health inequality, 134 countries came together to sign the historic Alma Ata Declaration where the idea of primary health care as the chosen path to “Health for All” was formulated. However even before the declaration and more so since, countries have diverse interpretations of Universalism, each setting it in the context of its own health care model. These have ranged from the minimalist to the more comprehensive welfare state. Today, as health statistics reveal, the crisis has deepened, not only in the developing world but also in the developed world. It is important to debate the nature of the crisis and understand current policy initiatives and their ideological legitimations. The paper attempts to trace, clarify and account for the shifts in international discourse on universal health care (UHC). It argues that the idea of UHC is still with us, but there have occurred substantial shifts in discourse and meaning, shaped by changing international and national contexts and social forces impinging on health systems. The current concept of universal health coverage has only a notional allusion to universality of Alma Ata and disregards its fundamental principles. It concludes that the shifts are detrimental and its value in promoting health for all is likely to be severely limited.

Small(pox) success? / Erradicação da varíola: medida do sucesso?

O 30º aniversário da certificação oficial da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) da erradicação da varíola foi marcado por uma série de eventos que saudaram a dramática história do triunfo tecnológico e organizacional contra este antigo flagelo. Todavia, as comemorações também servem como momentos para uma reflexão crítica. Este artigo questiona os aplausos excessivos para a erradicação da varíola como o único e absoluto sucesso na história da saúde pública. Examina como e por que a erradicação da varíola e a abordagem da atenção básica de saúde orientada para a justiça social (de acordo com a Declaração de Alma-Ata) se tornaram paradigmas concorrentes. Sintetiza críticas sobre as deficiências da erradicação e busca desvelar alguns dos mitos que envolvem a campanha de erradicação global como uma prioridade e necessidade da saúde pública, e como uma vitória da cooperação da Guerra Fria. O artigo finaliza com reflexões sobre a integração de aspectos técnicos e sociopolíticos da saúde no contexto do Estado de bem-estar social como forma de atingir um amplo e duradouro sucesso para a saúde pública global.

The 30th anniversary of the World Health Organization's (WHO) official certification of smallpox eradication was marked by a slew of events hailing the campaign's dramatic tale of technological and organizational triumph against an ancient scourge. Yet commemorations also serve as moments of critical reflection. This article questions the acclaim showered upon smallpox eradication as the single greatest public health success in history. It examines how and why smallpox eradication and WHO's concurrent social justice-oriented primary health care approach (following from the Declaration of Alma-Ata) became competing paradigms. It synthesizes critiques of eradication's shortcomings and debunks some of the myths surrounding the global eradication campaign as a public health priority and necessity, and as a Cold War victory of cooperation. The article concludes with thoughts on integrating technical and social-political aspects of health within the context of welfare states as the means to achieving widespread and enduring global public health success.

En busca de la atención primaria de salud y la salud para todos: reflexiones de una búsqueda / Looking for primary health care and health for all: reflections of a search

La Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) sigue representado el mayor esfuerzo internacional de los países por alcanzar la salud mundial. Los planteamientos y las necesidades que se deben asumir continúan vigentes 30 años después de la Conferencia Internacional de Alma-Ata de 1978. La lucha por la Salud para Todos y las estrategias para lograrlo son largas y difíciles. No parte de Alma-Ata, como se lee en la mayoría de los textos, pero lo más sorprendente es que muchas personas pioneras de la APS están olvidadas en los documentos de APS más citados. Las nuevas generaciones de profesionales y trabajadores de la salud no conocen a personajes como Henry Sigerist, Salvador Allende, Gustavo Molina, Sidney Kark, Franco Basaglia, César Uribe Piedrahíta, Héctor Abad o Santiago Rengifo. Recuperar a las personas que lucharon tiene enorme importancia para la salud pública colombiana hoy.

Primary Health Care (PHC) still represents the biggest international effort by countries to reach health worldwide; the approach and needs to be assumed are still valid 30 years after the International Conference of Alma-Ata 1978. The struggle to achieve Health for All and its strategies are long and convoluted. It does not start in Alma Ata as it appears in most of the texts, but most stunning is that most pioneers of PHC are ignored in the most cited PHC documents. The new generations of health professionals and workers do not know about people such as Henry Sigerist, Salvador Allende, Gustavo Molina, Sidney Kark, Franco Basaglia, Cesar Uribe Piedrahita, Hector Abad or Santiago Rengifo. Retrieving the names of people who fought is very important today for the Colombian public health.

Distributions and functions of glutamine transporters in IEC-6 cell line / 医学研究生学报

Objective:Glutamine is the main oxidative fuel of the enterocyte which enters the enterocyte primarily via amino acid transporters.The aim of the test was to study the distributions and functions of glutamine transporters in IEC-6 cell line.Methods:The rat intestinal epithelial cell line(IEC-6) was incubated in vitro.The mRNA expression of different glutamine transporters,protein expression of system ASCT2,and the [3H]-L-glutamine uptake were measured.Results:The mRNA of system ASCT2,SN1,ATA1,LAT1,LAT2 was expressed and the protein expression of ASCT2 was also validated in IEC-6.In Na+-containing buffer,the velocity of Na+-dependent glutamine uptake was(164.07?37.94) fmol/(mg protein?10min).In Na+-free buffer,the velocity of glutamine uptake was(58.71?10.51)fmol/(mg protein?10min).With the saturate dosage of MeAIB,the velocity of glutamine uptake was(81.02 ?19.59) fmol/(mg protein?10min).Conclusion:There may be five kinds of glutamine transporters(ASCT2,SN1,ATA1,LAT1,and LAT2) in IEC-6 cell.The Na+-dependent transporter was the major contributor(64.22%) to glutamine total uptake in IEC-6.The contributions of system A and the remainder were 50.62% and 13.60%,respectively.The Na+-independent transporter was the lesser contributor(35.78%).

Effects of Extract 5F from Pteris Semipinnata L. on the Apoptosis of Skin Fibroblasts in Patients with Systemic Scleroderma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To study the effects of extract 5F from Pteris semipinnata L. on the apoptosis of skin fibroblasts in patients with systemic sc leroderma (SSc) and the possible mechanism of its inhibition on the proliferatio n of skin fibroblasts. Methods The cultured SSc skin fibroblasts were used as an experimental model, and the apoptosis of SSc skin fibroblasts before and afte r the extract 5F stimulation was detected by TUNEL assay and fluorescent microsc opy. Results The apoptosis of SSc skin fibroblasts was induced by the extract 5F, and the apoptosis was enhanced along with the increase of the concentration and incubation time of this compound within definite limits. Conclusions These results indicate that the extract 5F can induce the apoptosis of SSc skin fibro blasts, and significantly inhibit the proliferation and collagen synthesis in th ese cells.

Aspectos da Biologia e Etologia de Paulinia acuminata (De Geer), 1773 (Orthoptera: Pauliniidae), um gafanhoto semi-aquático, na Amazônia Central

Paulinia acuminata (Orthoptera: Pauliniidae) completes its life cycle on aquatic macrophytes. Out of 17 macrophytes and five vegetable plants tested, oviposition was only observed on Salvinaceae (Salvinia auriculata, S. minima, S. sprucei, Azolla cf. microphylla.) and Araceae (Pistia stratiotes). In captivity, mean incubation period of the eggs was 18,7 (+/- 1,8) days and an average of 7,3 (+/- 2,8) eggs was found per ooteca. The development of the six nymphal instars took 47,1 (+/- 1,2) days and the total development egg-adult 93,2 days at an average air temperature of 29 °C. Ethological observations from the field and laboratory are presented.

Paulinia acuminata (Orthoptera: Pauliniidac) desenvolve todo seu ciclo vital em macrófitas aquáticas. Entre 17 macrófitas e 5 hortaliças testadas, a oviposição foi constatada somente em Salvinaceae (Salvinia auriculata, S. minima, S. sprucei, Azolla cf. microphylla e Araceae (Pistia stratiotes). O período médio de incubação, em laboratório, foi de 18,7 (+/- 1,8) dias, com uma média de 7,3 (+/- 2,8) ovos por postura. O desenvolvimento dos seis estádios ninfais durou 47,12 (+/-1,2) dias. O ciclo de vida completo, ovo-adulto, foi de 93,2 dias sob uma temperatura do ar em torno dc 29 °C. Observações etológicas de laboratório e de campo são apresentadas.

Atencion primaria a la salud: revision conceptual / Primary health care: conceptual review

La extensión de coberturas mediante la estrategia de atención primaria a la salud se ha convertido, a diez años de Alma Ata, en uno de los temas centrales de discusión dentro de la salud pública en los países en vías de desarrollo rrollo, La producción documental al respecto ha sido no sólo extraordinariamente profusa, sino también contradictora. Por ello, el presente articulo pretende hacer un breve alto en el camino y dar una visión global del asun to, útil para los responsables de servicios de salud en nuestro país. También da cuenta de algunos puntos importantes en la discusión de la atención primaria, como su definición, sus componentes estratégicos, sus contenidos de sus posibilldades de evaluación, as( como de dos cuestiones particularmente polémiau: ¿se trata de una atención de segunda? y el enfoque de la llamada atención primarill selectiva, ¿realmente supone un bajo costo y una alta efectividad?

Atencion primaria a la salud / Primary health care

En este trabajo se sostiene que la atención primaria a la salud requiere de una modificación total del modelo profesional vigente, el cual, de una práctica expectante y por demanda, deberá pasar a una práctica anticipatoria y programada. El autor considera que la práctica anticipatoria podrá darse en el momento en que cambie la estrategia de los servicios de salud, de tal manera que la prioridad sea identificar a los sujetos que corren riesgos específicos. Se describen también los instrumentos necesarios para este tipo de estrategia y se hacen consideraciones sobre la axiolog ia de la atención primaria a la salud