Estilos de aprendizaje en Fonoaudiología y Terapia Ocupacional en la Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile / Learning Styles in Phonoaudiology and Occupational Therapy at University of Antofagasta, Chile

Introducción: Este artículo caracterizó los estilos de aprendizaje de 141 estudiantes de las carreras de Terapia Ocupacional y Fonoaudiología de la Universidad de Antofagasta, para generar información no disponible que aporta al modelo pedagógico de la institución y al mejoramiento del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Objetivo: Generar información no disponible que aportan los estilos de aprendizaje al modelo pedagógico de la institución y al mejoramiento del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje. Métodos: Mediante el Cuestionario de estilos de aprendizaje de Honey-Alonso y para describir los resultados obtenidos, se consideró el baremo general de preferencia en estilos de aprendizaje de Alonso y colaboradores (1994) y las puntuaciones de los estudiantes según el nivel académico o el curso. Resultados: Los Estilos de Aprendizaje de los estudiantes de ambas carreras demostraron un comportamiento variado. A saber, en la carrera de Fonoaudiología los estudiantes de 2do, 3ro y 5to años tuvieron estilos de aprendizaje preferentemente reflexivos; solo en 1er año se observó una tendencia hacia el estilo teórico, con preferencias moderadas. En la carrera de Terapia Ocupacional, los estudiantes de 1er y 3er años demostraron estilos de aprendizaje preferentemente teóricos con una inflexión en 2do año hacia el estilo pragmático, todos con preferencias altas. Conclusiones: Los estilos de aprendizaje estudiados son distintos en ambas carreras y están influenciados por factores curriculares, el nivel académico, los estilos docentes, entre otros(AU)

Introduction: This article characterized the learning styles of 141 students of the Occupational Therapy and Phonoaudiology majors at University of Antofagasta, in order to generate information not available that contributes to the pedagogical model of the institution and to the improvement of the teaching-learning process. Objective: To generate information not available and which the learning styles provide to the pedagogical model of the institution and for the improvement of the teaching-learning process. Methods: Through the Honey-Alonso Learning Styles Questionnaire and, in order to describe the outcomes obtained, we considered the general scale of preference in learning styles by Alonso et al (1994) and student scores according to academic level or course. Results: The learning styles of the students of both majors showed a mixed behavior; namely, in the Phonoaudiology major, students from the second, third and fifth academic years had preferably reflective learning styles; only in the first academic year there was a tendency towards the theoretical style, with moderate preferences. In the Occupational Therapy major, students from the first and third academic years demonstrated preferably theoretical learning styles with a deviation, in the second academic year, towards the pragmatic style, all with high preferences. Conclusions: The learning styles studied are different in both majors and influenced by curricular factors, academic level, teaching styles, among others(AU)

Modelo para los análisis de promoción / A model for the analysis of graduation years

INTRODUCCIÓN: las universidades médicas cubanas tienen en los análisis sistemáticos de sus índices de promoción por asignaturas, disciplinas, semestres, años y carreras; un procedimiento gerencial y científico de retroalimentación y perfeccionamiento sistemático de su eficiencia y eficacia académicas. OBJETIVOS: indagar en aquellas variables de mayor incidencia en la determinación de la promoción y diseñar un modelo para los análisis de promoción. MÉTODOS: se trabajó con el universo de directivos del proceso docente y de profesores titulares de la universidad de ciencias médicas de Villa Clara; de los cuales se tomó mediante muestreo intencional un total de 27 profesores titulares y ocho directivos. Se aplicaron procedimientos teóricos y empíricos pertinentes. RESULTADOS: se identificaron cinco variables de utilidad para los análisis de promoción y un conjunto de indicadores por variables para orientar este proceso. Además se determinó un conjunto de ideas que pueden llegar a conformar estándares de calidad de estos análisis. CONCLUSIONES: se diseñó y elaboró un modelo para la realización de los análisis de promoción desde una concepción más abarcadora y sustentado en criterios científicos y metodológicos propios de la dirección del proceso docente educativo del pregrado de las ciencias médicas; con el cual se pretende aportar nuevos elementos de análisis que tributan a la eficiencia y eficacia académicas.

INTRODUCTION: In Cuba, Medical Schools follow a managerial procedure, a scientific feedback, academic efficiency and efficacy. This is achieved by a systematic analysis in every subject, semesters, years, and careers. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a research in variables of more impact that affect or determine the promotion of students, and to design a new method to analyze the quality of the educational system. METHOD: The research was conducted with the help of Honorific professors from the Medical School in Villa Clara. A total of 27 Full Professor and 8 staff members, each of them were intentionally selected. It was applied theoretical and empirical procedures. RESULT: Five variables were identified that are useful when analyzing the promotion of students. In consequence, it was found a set of pointers in each variable that are helpful to guide this process. Besides that, several ideas from this research were recognized as quality standards in this study. CONCLUSION : It was designed and elaborated a new method with the purpose of analyzing the promotion of students from a wide point of view. The new system is embraced and supported by scientific and methodological criteria. The main goal is to bring new elements that would support the academic efficiency and efficacy.

Perfectionism, Achievement Goals, and Academic Efficacy in Medical Students / 한국의학교육

PURPOSE: This study explored the interrelationships between perfectionism, achievement goals, and academic efficacy, hypothesizing that perfectionism and achievement goals affected academic efficacy in medical students. Of the 400 medical students surveyed from three universities in Seoul, 228 completed and returned the questionnaires yielding a total response rate of 57%. Their average age was 23.28 years. METHODS: Measures of students' perfectionism, achievement goals, and academic efficacy were obtained. Exploratory factor analyses were used to measure dimensions of perfectionism (adaptive and maladaptive) and achievement goals (mastery, performance-approach, and performanceavoidance). Both scales confirmed the three subscales of achievement goals and two subscales of perfectionism through Principal Component Analyses and internal consistency testing. Structural equation modelling techniques were used to test the relationships among the variables. RESULTS: It was found that adaptive perfectionism positively influenced students' academic efficacy directly and indirectly via their mastery and performance-approach goals. Moreover, maladaptive perfectionism influenced their academic efficacy indirectly via their performanceapproach goals. However, maladaptive perfectionism did not influence their academic efficacy directly or indirectly via performance-avoidance goal. CONCLUSION: Medical educators need to be aware that encouraging students toward adaptive perfectionism, which is psychologically less stressful, is valuable given these findings. Perhaps learning environments could be developed to enhance students' adaptive perfectionism, mastery and performance-approach goals, and subsequently academic efficacy.