Social representations of undergraduates about the education through work for health program / Representaciones sociales de graduados sobre el programa de educación por el trabajo para la salud / Representações sociais de graduandos acerca do programa educação pelo trabalho para saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: analyze the social representation of undergraduates from the health area in which were scholars of PET-Saúde of the UFRJ-Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira Campus about this program and its contribution to the respective professional training. Method: This is an exploratory, descriptive study, with a qualitative approach. A total of 38 undergraduates participated, and a professional socioeconomic questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used to collect data. To analyze the data, thematic content analysis was used. Results: The results showed that PET-Saúde integrates undergraduates, health professionals and community, seeking the interdisciplinarity and the interrelation of those involved, articulating the scientific knowledge with the common sense for the transformation of the health service. Conclusion: The program encourages population's empowerment and the critical, reflexive thinking of undergraduates and professionals about the health-disease process and acts as a source of transformations in the training of health professionals in response to the demands of the Unified Health System (SUS).

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la representación social de los graduandos del área de la salud que han actuado como becados del PET-Saúde do Campus UFRJ-Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira sobre este programa y su contribución a las respectivas formaciones profesionales. Método: Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo. Participaron 38 graduandos, siendo utilizados en la recolección de datos un cuestionario socioeconómico profesional y la entrevista semiestructurada. Para el análisis de datos, fue utilizada el Análisis de Contenido temático. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el PET-Saúde integra graduandos, profesionales de la salud y comunidad, en busca de la interdisciplinaridad y la interrelación de los afectados, articulando los saberes científicos con el sentido común para la transformación del servicio de salud. Conclusión: El programa estimula el empoderamiento de la población y el pensamiento crítico-reflexivo de graduandos y profesionales acerca del proceso salud-enfermedad y, además, actúa como fuente de transformaciones en la formación de profesionales de salud ante las demandas del Sistema Único de Salud (Sistema Único de Saúde).

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a representação social de graduandos da área da saúde que atuaram como bolsistas do PET-Saúde do Campus UFRJ-Macaé Professor Aloísio Teixeira acerca deste programa e de sua contribuição para as respectivas formações profissionais. Método: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 38 graduandos, sendo utilizados na coleta de dados um questionário socioeconômico profissional e a entrevista semiestruturada. Para a análise dos dados, empregou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que o PET-Saúde integra graduandos, profissionais de saúde e comunidade, buscando a interdisciplinaridade e a inter-relação dos envolvidos, articulando os saberes científicos com o senso comum para a transformação do serviço de saúde. Conclusão: O programa estimula o empoderamento da população e o pensamento crítico-reflexivo de graduandos e profissionais sobre o processo saúde-doença e atua como fonte de transformações na formação de profissionais de saúde diante das demandas do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Modelo de evaluación de impacto del posgrado académico en los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "General Calixto García" / Impact evaluation model of the academic postgraduate in the teachers of the Faculty of Medical Sciences "General Calixto García"

Introducción: Los retos de la educación superior para el Siglo XXI plantean la necesidad de un nuevo proceso educativo, fundamentado en los principios de excelencia, calidad y pertinencia, lo cual implica que la Educación Superior debe ser perfeccionada em concordancia con el desarrollo de la sociedad a que corresponde. Objetivo: Diseñar un modelo de Evaluación de impacto del posgrado académico en El comportamiento profesional y humano de los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "General Calixto García". Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, de enfoque mixto, se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos. Se trabajó con 45 docentes de lãs Especialidades Básicas del Sistema de Salud y 10 docentes egresados de la maestría em Educación Médica y con directivos, residentes y especialistas y docentes del entorno laboral del profesor. Resultados: Las indagaciones teóricas permitieron la sistematización de los antecedentes y referentes del Sistema Nacional de Salud cubano, de la formación académica de posgrado y de los modelos de evaluación y de evaluación de impacto. Las indagaciones empíricas permitieron caracterizar el estado actual del comportamiento profesional y humano de lós docentes. La estructuración del modelo ideal consta con cinco componentes, tres etapas, posibilitando la retroalimentación del proceso formativo. Conclusiones: La modelación reveló problemas en la evaluación del impacto académico em general y en la formación académica de posgrado en particular. Se constató la viabilidad Del modelo a partir de la consulta a especialistas, la aplicación del modelo de tránsito y lãs transformaciones propuestas. (AU)

Introduction: The Higher Education ́s challenges in the XXI century demands a new educative process based on the principles of excellence, high quality and pertinence, which implies that Higher Education should be better in relation to the correspondent society. Objective: Design a model for the evaluation of the academic post graduated impact in reference to the professional and human behaviour of professors from the medical sciences faculty "General Calixto Garcia". Method: A developmental research work was carried out in the faculty mentioned above, using a mixed approach. We applied theoretical, empiric and statistics methods to 45 professors who works in the Basic Specialities of the Health System and to 10 professors graduated in the Master Degree course of Medical Education, to directive personnel and to residents and specialists, such as teaching workers related to the educational work. Results: Findings allowed the systematization of the backgrounds and referents of the Cuban National Health System of the academic postgraduate formation and the systematization of the models for the evaluation process and for the evaluation of impact of educational process. On the other hand, the empirical findings allowed us to characterize the status of the professional and the human behaviour of the professors. The structure of the ideal model has five components and three stages giving the possibilities to get information about the educational process. Conclusions: In general, the models in general showed problems on the evaluation of the academic impact and in the postgraduate academic formation. The feasibility of the model proposed in this study was verified throughout the consult to specialists, applying a provisional model and throughout the changes proposed in this study. (AU)

Formación de capital humano para la prevención y atención de las adicciones / Formation of human capital for the prevention and attention of the addictions

Para quienes se forman como profesionales de la salud, el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias para la prevención y atención de las adicciones, constituye una prioridad. Solo a partir de ello podrán enfrentar dicha problemática de salud y controlar ese flagelo de la humanidad. Objetivos: describir los resultados alcanzados a partir de la aplicación de la estrategia de formación académica para la prevención y atención de las adicciones desarrollada por el Centro para el desarrollo académico sobre drogodependencias (CEDRO) entre los años 2008 y 2013. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo no experimental a partir de un diseño mixto en dos etapas de manera secuencial. Se utilizaron los enfoques cuantitativo y cualitativo de forma independiente. Como unidades de análisis se tomaron los programas docentes y un grupo de expertos en el campo de las adicciones. Como técnicas se utilizó el análisis de documentos y la entrevista. Resultados: en sentido general los contenidos sobre adicciones están incluidos en los programas de formación de profesionales de la salud en Cuba. No obstante fueron identificadas algunas insuficiencias sobre aspectos específicos. La estrategia de formación académica desarrollada ha resultado útil para complementar la formación recibida y perfeccionar habilidades y competencias. Conclusiones: cinco años después del estudio acerca de los contenidos sobre adicciones en las carreras de Ciencias Médicas, en el que se identificaron algunas insuficiencias, se ha desarrollado una estrategia de formación académica tanto en el pregrado como en el posgrado que ha devenido exitosa...

For those who are being formed as health professionals, the development of abilities and competencies for the prevention and care of addictions is a top priority. On the basis of this premise, they will be able to face this health problem and to control this scourge that afflicts the mankind. Objectives: to describe the results of the application of the academic formation strategy for the prevention and care of addictions developed by the Center for the Academic Development on Drug Dependence (CEDRO) in the period of 2008 to 2013. Methods: a non-experimental and descriptive study based on a mixed design in two sequential stages. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were used separately. The analysis units were the educational programs and a group of experts in addictions. Documentary analysis and interview were the techniques used for this purpose. Results: generally speaking, the contents on addictions are included in the formative programs of health professionals in Cuba. Nevertheless, some specific inadequacies were identified. The strategy of academic formation has been useful to supplement the received formation and to refine abilities and competitions. Conclusions: five years after the study about the contents on addictions included in the medical science careers, in which some inadequacies were identified, a successful academic formation strategy has been developed both at undergraduate and graduate educations...

Avaliação da formação inicial em educação física: estudo com egressos da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina / Assessment of initial formation in physical education: study with graduates of Federal University of Santa Catarina

O objetivo deste estudo foi diagnosticar as opiniões dos egressos dos cursos de bacharelado e licenciatura em Educação Física sobre a formação inicial realizada na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, abrangendo a estrutura curricular proposta, o corpo docente, os colegas de turma, a estrutura administrativa, a infraestrutura física, as práticas pedagógicas como componente curricular, os estágios supervisionados e as atividades de extensão e de pesquisa. O instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi um questionário online, especialmente construído e validado para a pesquisa, que procurou obter informações referentes à avaliação da formação inicial de 63 egressos (34 bacharéis e 29 licenciados) sobre a nova proposta curricular implementada no ano de 2006. Os resultados indicaram que o corpo docente (7,25 ± 1,43 pontos) foi o aspecto mais bem avaliado em ambos os cursos. O indicador que recebeu a pior avaliação dos egressos foi o desempenho dos próprios colegas de turma (5,76 ± 1,89). Constatou-se que o curso de bacharelado foi significativamente melhor avaliado (p = 0,05) por seus egressos (6,89 ± 2,02), quando comparado ao curso de licenciatura (6,34 ± 2,13), com destaque para estrutura curricular (p <0,003), estrutura administrativa (p <0,001) e atividades de extensão oferecidas (p <0,0002). Além de fornecer indicadores do nível de efetividade das reformulações curriculares realizadas, as evidências encontradas auxiliam no processo de melhoria da formação inicial oferecida pela instituição. A continuidade do acompanhamento dos egressos é sugerida para verificar tanto a inserção destes indivíduos no mercado de trabalho, como as iniciativas de formação continuada.

The aim of this study was to diagnose the views of graduates of bachelor and licensed courses in Physical Education about the academic formation conducted at Federal University of Santa Catarina, covering the proposed curriculum structure, the faculty, the classmates, the administrative structure, the physical infrastructure, the educational practices as component of the course, the supervised internships and the extension and research activities. The data collection instrument used was an online questionnaire, especially designed and validated for the study, which sought information regarding the assessment of initial formation of 63 graduates (34 bachelors and 29 licensed) about the proposed new curriculum implemented in 2006. The results indicated that the faculty (7.25 ± 1.43 points) was the most highly rated aspect in both courses. The indicator that received the worst rating by the graduates was the performance of their classmates (5.76 ± 1.89). It was found that the bachelor course was rated significantly better (p = 0.05) by its graduates (6.89 ± 2.02) compared to the licensed course (6.34 ± 2.13), with highlights on curriculum structure (p <0.003), administrative structure (p <0.001) and extension activities offered (p <0.0002). In addition to indicating the level of effectiveness of the curriculum reformulations made, the evidences found help in the improvement process of the initial formation offered by the institution. It is suggested that the graduates continue to be followed to verify both the insertion of these individuals in the labor market, such as the initiatives of continuous formation.

Perfeccionamiento del programa "Introducción a las Ciencias de la Salud" en Preparatoria y Premédica / Introduction to the Health Sciences in the preparatory and pre-medic stages a syllabus improvement

Se realizó una investigación con enfoque cuanti-cualitativo, de tipo descriptiva transversal con el objetivo de perfeccionar el programa Introducción a las Ciencias de la Salud para estudiantes de preparatoria y premédica de la Filial de Ciencias Médicas "Lidia Doce Sánchez". La muestra estuvo constituida por 74 estudiantes de Sudáfrica (curso 2007-2008). Para la recogida de la información se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos, fueron procesados a través de la estadística descriptiva y la triangulación. Los resultados permitieron arribar a las siguientes conclusiones: el programa de Introducción a las Ciencias de la Salud que se imparte en la actualidad se encuentra incompleto en cuanto a su estructura, los estudiantes de preparatoria no poseen nivel de información suficiente sobre el sistema nacional de salud y la carrera de Medicina en Cuba. El perfeccionamiento del programa se basó en su rediseño. La propuesta fue valorada como muy adecuada por un grupo de especialistas.

Under the combination of the qualitative and quantitative approaches a cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out to improve the Introduction to Sciences in Health syllabus in the pre-medic preparatory school of "Lidia Doce Sánchez" Health University Site of Sagua la Grande municipality. The sample comprised 74 South African students in the academic year 2007-2008. Empirical, theoretical and statistical methods were used and the information gathered was contrasted. There were detected some problems within its constituents: Only the knowledge system is reflected, the teaching methods are not defined, among others. The improvement proposal was based on the redesign of the objectives and contents, elaboration of methodological guidelines, including methods, organizational teaching forms, material aids were widen as well as the knowledge assessment. The proposal was validated as adequate by the group of specialists.

Quem é o estudante de psicologia do Brasil? / Who are the brazilian undergraduate psychology students?

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir a tese da elitização do curso de graduação em Psicologia no Brasil, com base na análise dos dados sociodemográficos dos estudantes de Psicologia que participaram do ENADE-2006. O artigo está subdividido em três partes. Inicialmente, são delineadas as características sociodemográficas dos estudantes de Psicologia a partir do questionário socioeconômico que acompanhou o ENADE-2006. Em seguida, trata-se da questão da elitização do curso de Psicologia propriamente dita, buscando identificar percursos acadêmicos possíveis mediante uma análise classificatória multidimensional de um conjunto de dados socioeconômicos selecionados. Finalmente, as características sociodemográficas dos estudantes de Psicologia e os dois principais percursos acadêmicos delineados pela análise (elitizado e não-elitizado) são retomados e discutidos, em resposta à questão da elitização do curso de Psicologia.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the restriction of access in Brazilian undergraduate academic formation in Psychology to socioeconomically privileged (elite) students. Data issued from socio demographic survey collected among students having participated in ENADE-2006 examination were analyzed for this discussion. The paper covers three sections: the first one summarizes socio demographic characteristics of undergraduate students of Psychology who answered the ENADE-2006 socioeconomic questionnaire; the second section discusses the very question of socioeconomic restriction of access to undergraduate academic formation in Psychology, trying to contribute to the identification of diverse academic paths through a multidimensional analysis of a selected socioeconomic set of data; finally, socio demographic characteristics of undergraduate Psychology students and the two main academic paths (elite vs. non-elite) which emerged from multidimensional analysis are discussed, in order to answer the triggering question about the socioeconomic restriction of access to Brazilian undergraduate academic formation in Psychology.

Relación entre la nueva formación en enfermería y el postgrado de la carrera / Relation between the new formation in nursing, and the postgrade of the carrier

El surgimiento de las Escuelas Emergentes de Enfermería en Cuba, significó para la Carrera una formación de nuevo tipo. La masividad e integración del sistema de la Enseñanza Media de la profesión a la Enseñanza Superior, estuvieron entre los rasgos distintivos de este plan emergente. La incorporación de profesores a la nueva formación de Enfermería y, posteriormente, sus egresados, a los subsistemas de superación profesional y formación académica del sistema de postgrado, son elementos que contribuyen notablemente a incrementar su matrícula. Por lo que en este estudio, se pretende enunciar consideraciones acerca de la relación entre el incremento en la matrícula de profesionales en el postgrado de Enfermería y la Nueva Formación. Para ello, se realizó una amplia revisión bibliográfica de documentos en revistas electrónicas, en las bases de datos Cumed y Lillacs. Se resalta la importancia del desarrollo de la Maestría en Enfermería, la relación entre esta como figura clave del postgrado en Enfermería y la influencia que ha ejercido en el desarrollo de su currículo el incremento de profesionales.

The rising of Nurses Emergent Schools brought within a whole new concept of human resources formation in Infirmary. The massive ingoing of students and the integration of media education to professional education, were among the main characteristics of this emerging plan of formation for nurses as it was also known .From this new formation concept the number of ingoing professionals to post grade studies in their different forms were considerably increased. The following reflections has as a main purpose to announce considerations, from the author´s perspective, about the relation this new concept of human resources formation had in developing the post grade figures of Infirmary carrier in Cuba. Remarking the element of the increase of ingoing professionals to these studies.To accomplish this purpose several bibliographies were reviewed, about the new nursing formation and the continuing education process topic in the Cumed and Lilacs data base. Finally considerations are based on remarking the importance of the roll played by the maters nursing degree program, and the strategies carried out at the present, by post grade authorities in Cuba to make available the consecution of scientific degrees. Finally reasons of why the process that ensures the consecution of scientific degrees such as masters and PhD in nursing in Cuba is fully guarantee for the future are given .

Subjetividade e sofrimento psíquico na formação do Sujeito na Universidade / Subjectivity and psychic suffering in the formation of the Subject in the University

Esta pesquisa, intitulada 'Subjetividade e Sofrimento Psíquico na Formação do Sujeito na Universidade', desenvolvida por meio de estudo de caso a partir de relato oral de um aluno de graduação junto ao Núcleo de Atendimento e Práticas Psicológicas (NAPP) da Universidade Estadual do Ceará, buscou estabelecer a relação entre subjetividade, sofrimento psíquico, aprendizagem e formação discente. Reflexões a partir da história de vida deste sujeito sugerem possível interação do mal-estar do aluno com a instituição e a sociedade, que parecem se aclarar no contexto dos 'sintomas' de sofrimento psíquicos trazidos por este ao set terapêutico.

This research, intitled 'Subjectivity and Psychic Suffering in the Formation of the Subject in the University', developed by means of study of case from verbal story of a together student of graduation to the Nucleus of Attendance and Psychological Practices (NAPP) of the Universidade Estadual do Ceará, searched to establish the relation between subjectivity, psychic suffering, learning and learning formation. Reflections from the history of life of this subject suggest possible interaction of the malaise of the student with the institution and the society, that seem to elucidate themselves in the context of the 'psychic symptoms' of suffering brought by this to set therapeutical.