De Novo Gastric Acid Secretion Mediated by Dietary Acrylamide Induced Oxidative Stress in Stomach Tissue of Experimental Rats

Background: Acrylamide input on gastric mucosa lesion is known but not fully elucidated. In this study the impact of dietary acrylamide on gastric acid secretion; an aggressive factor capable of causing erosion of the stomach tissue was evaluated to explain possible reason why acrylamide could induce gastric mucosa lesion. Thus, the study focuses on the impact of dietary acrylamide on gastric acid secretion and its association with mucosa lesion. Materials and Methods: Fifteen (15) male Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into three groups (n = 5). Group 1 (control) was fed with standard rat diet, Group 2 and 3 were fed with standard rat diet contaminated with acrylamide doses (7.5mg/kg and 15mg/kg respectively) reported to compromise gastric mucosa integrity. The experimental animals were allowed free access to their various feed and drinking water ad libitum for 4 weeks. Impact of the dietary acrylamide on gastric acid secretion, gastric acidity and stomach tissue oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Catalase, CAT) were determined. Results: Average dietary consumption across the groups was 90.88% per week. Acrylamide contaminated diet significantly increased gastric acid secretion and gastric acidity in a dose dependent manner when compared to control, P<0.01. Dietary acrylamide also induced oxidative stress on stomach tissues by significantly increasing MDA as well as decreasing SOD, GPx, and CAT of the stomach in a dose dependent manner when compared to control, P<0.01. Conclusion: Findings from the study suggests that oxidative stress induced on stomach tissue by dietary acrylamide could be as a result of the increase in gastric acid secretion and gastric acidity observed.

Clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics of heterotopic gastric mucosa in upper esophagus / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To study the clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics of heterotopic gastric mucosa in upper esophagus (HGMUE).Methods:A Total of 177 patients who underwent gastroscopy and were diagnosed as having HGMUE at the Endoscopy Center of Wuhan Union Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were included in the study. According to the gastroesophageal reflux disease symptom questionnaire (GERD-Q) scores, patients were divided into the HGMUE group (GERD-Q<8, n=101) and GERD+HGMUE group (GERD-Q≥8, n=76). The data of clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics were analyzed. Results:Among the 177 HGMUE cases, there were 111 males (62.71%) and 66 females (37.29%), 76 (42.94%) with GERD, and 101 (57.06%) without GERD. The most common symptom was continuous clearing throat [54.24% (96/177)], followed by foreign body sensations of throat [48.59% (86/177)], and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, indigestion, acid reflux [48.59% (86/177)]. In the HGMUE group, the occurrence rate of clearing throat was the highest [42.57% (43/101)], then foreign body sensations of throat accounted for 33.66% (34/101), and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms was 27.72% (28/101). In the HGUME+GERD group, the most common symptom was gastroesophageal reflux symptoms [76.32% (58/76)], then clearing throat [69.74% (53/76)] and foreign body sensations of throat [68.42% (52/76)]. Under gastroscopy, 177 heterotopic gastric lesions were found under gastroscopy with orange-red round, oval or elongated island like ones, most of which were flat and a few slightly protruded from the peripheral plane. There were 132 (74.58%) single-lesion cases, 38 (21.47%) 2-lesion, and 7 (3.95%) 3- or more-lesion cases; there were 37 (20.90%) small lesions (maximum diameter <0.5 cm), and 74 (41.81%) median-size lesions (maximum diameter of 0.5-1.0 cm), and 66 (37.3%) larger lesions (maximum diameter >1.0 cm). Among the 30 [16.95% (30/177)] samples of mucosal tissue, 15 [50.00% (15/30)] were mainly cardia gland, 8 [26.67% (8/30)] were mainly pyloric gland, 6 [20.00% (6/30)] were mixed type, and 1 [3.33% (1/30)] was squamous epithelium. In the immunohistochemical test, 20 cases [66.67% (20/30)] showed positive of H +/K +-ATPase, and 10 cases [33.33% (10/30)] were negative. Conclusion:HGMUE is more common in male patients, and may be combined with GERD. Among them, patients with combined GERD are more likely to develop laryngopharyngeal reflux. The heterotopic gastric mucosas lesions are orange-red round, oval or elongated island-like under gastroscopy, and most of them are flat, single and median- or large-sized. Histological types are mostly fundic glands, and H +/K +-ATPase positive is more common. It is speculated that acid secretion may be an important factor leading to throat symptoms.

Comparative Study of Methanolic Extract of Banana, Ranitidine and Omeprazole on Total Acid Secretion and Gastric Ulcer Healing Effect in Albino Rats

Introduction: The commonest day to day ailment of humanbeings is the gastrointestinal diseases. Apart from traditionaluses, there are several reports on important pharmacologicalactions of musa sapientum. Study aimed to compare acidsecretion and ulcer healing effect of methanolic extract ofbanana, ranitidine, and omeprazole.Material and methods: The present study was carried out on30 albino rats for a period of 7 days. The animals were dividedrandomly into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Group I or controlgroup received 3% gum acacia suspension orally for 7 days.Group II, III, IV and V received 100mg/kg of aspirin orally asa single dose the 7th day. Group III was pretreated with 100mg/kg of MSE orally for 7 days. Group IV was pretreated with 20mg/kg omeprazole and Group V was pretreated with 150mg/kg of ranitidine orally for 7 days. After the administration ofthe drugs on the 7th Day, the albino rats were fasted for 24 hrsand then sacrificed after 4 hrs of pyloric ligation.Results: In the control group (n=6) the values of ulcer index(µmol tyrosin/ml), free acidity (mEq/l), total acidity (mEq/l),and volume of gastric juice (ml/4 hrs) were 0.22±0.01,53.25±2.59, 72.24±4.19 and 5.1±0.32 respectively. Whencompared to aspirin treated group, the MSE pretreated group(100 mg/kg) single dose orally on 7th day showed significantreduction (p<0.01, n=6) of ulcer index, free and total acidity(mEq/l), and volume of gastric juice (ml/4 hrs), whosevalues were 5.3±0.46, 71.31±4.15, 72.24±4.19 and 65.4±2.9respectively.Conclusion: The present study suggests that themethanolic extract of musa sapientum possesses significantulceroprotective effect, which is comparable to omeprazoleand ranitidine, except for gastric juice, where the effect ofomeprazole was more. The observations of the present studyputs forward omeprazole as a promising ulceroprotectiveagent, but further studies with more refined extracts andtechniques on animal and human subjects are requiredto establish the true potential in terms of therapeutic andeconomic viability of this herbal plant.

Decreased mRNA Expression of Cystathionine Gamma lyase and H2S Concentration in Gastric Mucosal Tissue in Diabetic Rats

ABSTRACT Background and aim: It is well established that the rate of gastric lesions increases in diabetic rats. Recently, the protective effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in gastric mucosa has been proven. This study aimed to determine the release of H2S and mRNA expression of cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) in gastric mucosa in alloxan-diabetic rats in response to distention-induced gastric acid secretion. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (6 in each). They were the normal-control, distention-control, diabetic-control, and distention-diabetic groups. Under anesthesia, animals underwent a tracheotomy and midline laparotomy. To washout the gastric contents, a catheter was inserted in the stomach through the duodenum. To determine the effect of distention-induced gastric acid secretion on H2S release and mRNA expression of CSE, the stomachs were distended by normal saline. At the end of experiments, animals were sacrificed and the gastric mucosa was collected to determine H2S concentration and to quantify mRNA expression of CSE by quantitative real-time PCR. Mucosal release of H2S and mRNA expression of CSE significantly increased in response to stimulated gastric acid secretion in normal rats (P<0.01), while the increases in diabetic rats were not significant. Basal release of H2S and mRNA expression of CSE in gastric mucosa were significantly in diabetic rats lower than normal rats. On the basis of the results, we conclude that the decreased release of H2S in response to basal and stimulated gastric acid output in alloxan-diabetic rats compared to normal rats is largely due to downregulation of mRNA expression of CSE.

Evaluación de la prescripción profiláctica de omeprazol y ranitidina mediante la identificación de factores de riesgo de sangrado gastrointestinal / Evaluation of prophylactic prescription of omeprazole and ranitidine by identifying risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding

RESUMEN La información actual sobre el uso de inhibidores de la producción de ácido clorhídrico (inhibidores de bomba de protones y antagonistas de los receptores de histamina H2), en pacientes no críticos hospitalizados para la profilaxis de úlceras por estrés es controversial. Con el fin de evaluar la pertinencia de este grupo de medicamentos en conformidad con el riesgo de sangrado gastrointestinal medido por la escala de Herzig et al. {Risk factors for nosocomial gastrointestinal bleeding and use of acid-suppres-sive medication in non-critically ill patients, J. Gen. Intern. Med, 28(5), 683-690 (2013)}, se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal con recolección retrospectiva de la información, el cual incluyó todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años sin sangrado gastrointestinal y con más de tres días de hospitalización, en el servicio de medicina interna de un hospital de tercer nivel de Bogotá. Según esta escala, el 64% de los pacientes se clasificó en bajo riesgo, el 22,3% en medio-bajo, el 6,7% en medio-alto, y el 6,7% en alto. La prescripción profiláctica de inhibidores de la secreción ácida se realizó en el 67% de los pacientes de bajo riesgo, en el 57% de los de medio-bajo y en el 100% de los pacientes de riesgo medio-alto y alto. Cerca de la mitad (55,35%) de los pacientes recibieron un antiulceroso sin requerirlo; por lo tanto, se recomienda realizar actividades educativas dirigidas al personal prescriptor, con el fin de hacer un uso adecuado de este grupo de medicamentos.

SUMMARY Current information on the use of inhibitors of the production of hydrochloric acid (proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) ATC A02BC and histamine H2 receptor antagonists (Anti H2) ATC A02BC) in non-critical patients for the prophylaxis of stress ulcers is controversial. A descriptive longitudinal observational study with a retrospective collection of information, that included patients over 18 years with more than three days of hospitalization in internal medicine, without active gastrointestinal bleeding using the scale of Herzig et al. {Risk factors for nosocomial gastrointestinal bleeding and use of acid-suppressive medication in non-critically ill patients, J. Gen. Intern. Med., 28(5), 683-690 (2013)}, to assess the risk gastrointestinal bleeding was carried out. According to the risk score, patients were classified 64% as low risk, 22.3% medium-low risk, 6.7% medium-high risk and 6.7% high risk. Prophylactic prescription inhibiting acid secretion was performed in 67% of patients at low risk, 57% in medium-low risk and 100% for patients with medium-high and high risk. More than half (55.33%) of the patients received a PPI/anti H2 without requiring it. Educational activities are recommended to the prescribing staff in order to make proper use of this group of drugs.

Role of the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Orexin-1 and Orexin-1 Receptors in Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion in Conscious Rats / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:This study aimed to explore the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Orexin-1 and Orexin-1 Receptors in Regulation of Gastric Acid Secretion in Conscious Rats.Methods:Rats were anaesthetized and fitted with a stainless steel carmula placed just above the VMH or paracele,after random allocation orexin-A,[Pro34]-peptide YY and [CPP1-7,NPY19-23,Ala31,Aib32,Gln34] -pancreatic polypeptide were injected in the VMH;SB-334867 was intraperitoneal injection;atropine was subcutaneous injection;GR-231118 and CGP-71683 were injected in the paracele.Using pyloric ligation model,tests the effect of different drugs on rat gastric acid secretion and gastric juice volume.Results:OXA induced dose-dependent increase of gastric acid secretion;SB-334867 induced dose-dependent inhibition of gastric acid secretion.The stimulatory effect of OXA on acid secretion was inhibited by SB-334867;atropine induced dose-dependent increase of gastric acid secretion and block the effect of orexin-A on gastric acid secretion;the gastric acid secretion was inhibited by GR-231118 or CGP-71683,and GR-231118 or CGP-71683 were blocked the effect of orexin-A on gastric acid secretion;Intraventromedial hypothalamic injections of [CPP1-7,NPY19-23,Ala31,Aib32,Gln34]-pancreatic polypeptide increased gastric acid secretion.Conclusion:It is suggested that endogenous orexin-A acts on the ventromedial hypothalamus to stimulates acid secretion.This stimulatory effect is probably mediated through orexin receptor,Y1 and Y5 receptor,and the vagus nerve system.

Gastroprotective and anti-secretory effect of Pep-Up Tablet on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer model in rats.

Aim of the study was to investigate Gastroprotective and anti-secretory effect of Pep-Up Tablet on pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Pep-Up Tablet is an Ayurvedic proprietary formulation which is manufactured and marketed by Vasu Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Vadodara. The selected animals were divided into two groups and each group consisted of six animals. Group-I was considered as disease control and Group-II was as test drug (Pep-Up Tablet) treated group. Pep-Up Tablet (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered for 7 days by oral route in Group-II. Pep-Up Tablet was studied for its effect on ulcer index, gastric wall secretory parameters and mucin activity. Pretreatment of Pep-Up Tablet showed significant reduction in ulcer index, gastric acid secretion and pepsin activity. Pep-Up Tablet significantly increased mucin activity (TC:TP ratio) as well which was due to significant increase in the total carbohydrate content. From the available data of present study, it can be concluded that Pep-Up Tablet plays important role mainly on inhibition of acid secretion and in increase of mucin secretion which in turn enhances the stability of gastric mucosal barrier. Pep-Up Tablet provided significant gastric cytoprotection against pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulceration in rats.

Inhibidores de la bomba de protones y la homeostasis del calcio / Proton pump inhibitors and calcium homeostasis

Antecedentes: la asociación entre los inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) y el riesgo de osteoporosis y fracturas óseas es un tema que ha originado, recientemente, bastante interés en la literatura médica. Los IBP son los fármacos de primera elección en enfermedades que evolucionan con incremento de la secreción ácida y, debido al aumento progresivo de su prescripción, su potencial toxicidad se investiga periódicamente. Objetivos: en la presente revisión se analizan las bases fisiofarmacológicas y la limitada evidencia clínica de una potencial relación entre la administración continuada de IBP y la aparición de osteoporosis y fracturas óseas. Ambas patologías, relacionadas con la homeostasis del calcio, son de gran importancia en pacientes de edad avanzada por su mal pronóstico general y las consecuencias invalidantes que conllevan.

Background: the relationship between proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures is a topic of great interest in recent medical literature. PPI are first choice drugs for diseases evolving with an increase in acid secretion. Due to their growing prescription, their potential toxicity is periodically verified. Objectives: the present review analyzes the physiopharmacological bases and limited clinical evidence of a potential relationship between continued administration of PPIs and the appearance of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Both conditions are related to calcium homeostasis, and their relevance in elderly patients is high, due to their poor general prognosis and disabling effects.

Antisecretory Effects of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Juice in Male Albino Rats.

Aims: To evaluate the effects of the juice of Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) on gastric acid secretion and pH in Indomethacin-induced ulceration in male albino rats. Study Design: The experiment was divided into two studies. Under each study, four groups of rats were pre-treated with distilled water (control), 25% watermelon, 50% watermelon and 100% watermelon juice respectively for 30 days. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, between June, 2011 and July, 2012. Methodology: Sixty-four animals in total were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into two experimental studies: Study I contained thirty-two rats which were used for the study on ulcerogenesis. Study II also contained thirty-two rats which were used for the study on gastric acid secretion. Each of the experimental studies was further divided into four groups in accordance with the study design. Results: Rats pre-treated with Citrullus lanatus juice exhibited significant dose-dependent reduction of gastric lesions formation (P<0.05). Also, ulcerogenesis in the pretreated groups was significantly lower than that observed with the control (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) juice has a significant gastroprotective effect in Indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration. One of the mechanisms by which this protective effect is carried out is by its inhibition of gastric acid secretion.

Inibidores da bomba protônica / Proton pump inhibitors

O uso dos inibidores da bomba protônica (IBPs) no tratamento da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE) está bem estabelecido. Esta classe de medicamentos está indicada como primeira linha de tratamento para aliviar os sintomas e/ou cicatrizar as lesões esofágicas, sobretudo em pacientes com doença moderada a grave. Estudos randomizados e controlados têm demonstrado que os IBPs são mais eficazes que os antagonistas do receptores H2 no controle da supressão ácida do estômago. A secreção ácida nas células parietais do estômago cria um fluxo de íons, em que prótons são bombeados de fluidos intracelulares para o lúmen gástrico contra um gradiente. A engenharia enzimática responsável por este transporte ativo é a bomba H+,K+ ATPase, a qual é modulada (estimulação e inibição) por sinais moleculares neuronais e endócrinos. Os IBPs, após a ingestão antes da alimentação, ligam-se apenas às bombas ativadas. São metabolizados pelo complexo enzimático do citocromo P450, CYP 2C19 e CYP 3A4, esta característica contribui para interações medicamentosas com outros fármacos que também possuem o mesmo mecanismo de metabolização. Os IBPs, geralmente, são bem tolerados pelo organismo. Até o momento, estudos descreveram que as reações adversas mais comuns relatadas são dor de cabeça, diarreia e náusea, com incidência de < 10%, valores semelhantes quando comparados com placebo e antagonistas dos receptores H2. A terapia de supressão ácida com IBP está associada a benefícios no manejo de doenças ácido-pépticas. O sucesso desta supressão farmacológica para o processo de cicatrização de úlcera e DRGE está refletindo-se na redução de cirurgias eletivas como tratamento destas enfermidades, além da redução da gastropatia associada a utilização de AINEs...

Inibidores da bomba protônica / Proton pump inhibitors

Os estudos sobre o efeito do controle do ácido gástrico iniciaram-se há mais de 30 anos. Desde então, inúmeros ensaios clínicos bem conduzidos e metanálises mostraram que os inibidores da bomba protônica (IBP) são significativamente mais efetivos que antagonistas dos receptores H2 da histamina para a realização da supressão ácida gástrica. A secreção ácida nas células parietais do estômago cria um fluxo de íons, em que prótons são bombeados de fluidos intracelulares para o lúmen gástrico contra um gradiente. A engenharia enzimática responsável por esse transporte ativo é a bomba H+,K+ ATPase, a qual é modulada (estimulação e inibição) por sinais moleculares neuronais e endócrinos. Os IBP, após a ingestão antes da alimentação, ligam-se apenas às bombas ativadas. São metabolizados pelo complexo enzimático do citocromo P450, CYP 2C19 e CYP 3A4, esta característica contribui para interações medicamentosas com outros fármacos que também possuem o mesmo mecanismo de metabolização. Os IBP, geralmente, são bem tolerados pelo organismo. Até o momento, estudos descreveram que as reações adversas mais comuns relatadas são: dor de cabeça, diarréia e náusea, com incidência de < 10%, valores semelhantes quando comparados com placebo e antagonistas dos receptores H2. A terapia de supressão ácida com IBP está associada a benefícios no manejo de doenças ácido-pépticas. O sucesso desta supressão farmacológica para o processo de cicatrização de úlcera e DRGE está refletindo-se na redução de cirurgias eletivas como tratamento destas enfermidades, além da redução da gastropatia associada à utilização de AINEs.

Mechanism of Helicobacter Pylori Inhibiting the Healing of Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats / 医学研究杂志

Objective To study the mechanism of Helicobacter Pylori inhibiting the healing of acetic acid - induced gastric ulcer in rats. Methods Rats were infected with Helicobacter Pylori and the model of acetic acid gastric ulcer was replicated at 4 weeks after in-fection. Amount of G cell and D cell in mucosa of gastric antrum, quantity of gastric juice and pH were measured at the 3rd,Sth, 16th day after the model was replicated. Results When the group of Hp + acetic acid ulcer compared with the group of acetic acid ulcer, the number of G cell, quantity of gastric juice increased (P < 0.01), and the number of D cell and pH decreased (P < 0.01). Conclusion Helicobacter Pylori inhibits ulcer healing through increasing gastric acid secretion.

The effects of H.pylori and its crude extracted proteins on isolated rabbit parietal cells acid secretion / 中华内科杂志

Objective To explore the effects of H.pylori and crude extracted proteins secreted by H.pylori(broth culture filtrate protein,BCF-P)on acid secretion from isolated rabbit parietal cells.Methods Parietal cells from rabbit gastric mucosa were isolated and enriched with digestion and elutriation.H.pylori(NCTC 11637,CagA+ VacA+)were grown in liquid broth culture and BCF-P was precipitated with ammonium sulfate.The vacuolation activity of BCF-P was evaluated with neutral red dye uptake test in HeLa cell.Isolated parietal cells were incubated with H.pylori(bacteria/cell=100∶1)for 2 h and 16 h,or BCF-P(100μg/ml)for 1 h and 12 h.Acid secretion from parietal cells was studied using 14C-aminopyrine(14C-AP)accumulation indirectly and H+-K+ ATPase α subunit mRNA expression was assessed using RT-PCR.Results (1)BCF-P containing vacuolating cytotoxin(VacA)with vacuolation activity on HeLa cells had positive result on neutral red uptake test.(2)The basal expression of H+-K+ ATPase α subunit mRNA could be detected in isolated parietal cells and 14C-AP accumulation was significantly increased in response to the stimulation of histamine with different concentrations for 30 min(P＜0.05).These results indicated that the isolated parietal cells retain relative intact acid secretion function.(3)The histamine(1.0×104 mol/L)stimulated acid secretion was inhibited sustainedly in response to H.pylori by 81% at 2 h and by 94% at 16 h(P＜0.05).However,H+-K+ ATPase α subunit mRNA expression was up-regulated in tlle acute period(2 h)and was down-regulated in the chronic period (16 h)by H.pylori(P＜0.05).(4)BCF-P significantly inhibited the histamine-stimulated acid secretion by 24% at 1 h and by 58% at 12 h(P＜0.05),and this inhibition was accompanied by the down-regulated expression of H+-K+ATPase α subunit mRNA.Conclusions Intact H.pylori and VacA secreted by H.pylori could directly inhibit histamine-stimulated acid secretion from parietal cells and this inhibition may be mediated by the down-regulated H+-K+ ATPase expression.

Continuous citric acid secretion by a high specific pH dependent active transport system in yeast Candida oleophila ATCC 20177

The pH influence on continuous citric acid secretion was investigated in Candida oleophila ATCC 20177 (var.) under NH4+ limiting state steady conditions, using glucose. Highest citric acid concentration of 57.8 g/l, citrate/isocitrate ratio of 15.6, space-time yield of 0.96 g/(l x hr) and biomass specific productivity of 0.041 g/(g x hr) were obtained at pH 5 and 60 hrs residence time. Only 22.8 g/l (39.4%) and a ratio of 9.9 were achieved at pH 6 pH and 12.4 g/l (21.5%) and a ratio of 3.7 at pH 3. Under non producing conditions, in excess of nitrogen, biomass concentration increased at raising pH. An iron concentration of 200 ppm was determined in biomass of C. oleophila at pH 5, compared with only 26 ppm found at pH 3 (factor 7.7). Intra- and extracellular concentrations of citrates and glucose confirmed the existence of a high specific, pH dependent active transport system for citrate secretion, while isocitrate isn’t a high-affine substrate, displaying a strong correlation with ATP/ADP ratio. Differences between extra- and intracellular concentration of citrate higher than 1 and up to about 60 were determined. The active transport systemfor citrate excretion appears to be the main speed-determining factor in citrate overproduction by yeasts.

Study on the Pattern of Intragastric Acid Secretion in Patients with Bleeding Ulcer / 中国医师杂志

Objective To study the pattern of intragastric acid secretion in bleeding ulcer patients to assess the role of gastric acid suppression in the prevention and treatment of ulcer bleeding.Methods 43 cases of peptic ulcer(PU) with ulcer bleeding and 53 cases of age-and sex-matched PU controls without ulcer bleeding were included. All patients received 24 hours gastric pH monitoring. PU was diagnosed by endoscopy. Hp infection was diagnosed by rapid urinase test, biopsy and C 13 breath test.SPSS software was used for statistic analysis.Results In bleeding group, average gastric pH in supine was 1 6,and the percent of accumulative time and the longest lasting time within 0～1 of gastric pH in supine were 21% and 26 0 minutes respectively,while in control group those were 2 0%, 4 5 minutes respectively.However, no differences of gastric pH were found between severe bleeding patients and other bleeding ones. Hp infection rate was 56 1%,54 8% in bleeding group and control group respectively.Conclusions Multiple factors might induce peptic ulcer bleeding. Higher gastric acid secretion at night might be one of the risk factors causing peptic ulcer bleeding.It is suggested that giving PU patients with a high risk of bleeding some acid inhibitor before sleeping may prevent PU hemorrhage. Hp infection may be the direct risk factor leading to ulcer bleeding.

Effect of alumina, magnesia, and simethicone tablet ongastric acid and pepsin activity in rats / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Aim To study the effects of alumina, magnesia,and simethicone tabet on the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin activity in rats. Methods The pharmacodynamic indices were measured by the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin activity. Results and Conclusion Compared with the control group,alumina, magnesia, and simethicone inhibited gastric acid and increased pH of gastric juice.A significant decrease occurred in pepsin activity after a doses of 180 mg?kg-1 and 600 mg?kg-1 (P

Inhibitory effects of reversible proton pump inhibitors YH 1238 and YH1885 on acid secretion in isolated gastric cells

Antiulcer effects of YH1238 and YH1885 were determined in the isolated gastric cells from human and rabbit stomach. Intracellular accumulation of (14C)-aminopyrine and (14C)-glucose oxidation were used as indicators of acid secretory ability of the gastric cells. Unstimulated and stimulated gastric cells with dibutyryl cAMP (10(-3) M) were used and the inhibitory effects of YH1238 and YH1885 on acid secretion were compared with known proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and SK&F 96067. Dibutyryl cAMP stimulated the (14C)-aminopyrine accumulation and (14C)-glucose oxidation, which were inhibited by YH1238, YH1885, SK&F 96067 and omeprazole. Inhibitory effects of YH1238, YH1885 and omeprazole on (14C)-aminopyrine accumulation in stimulated gastric cells were more potent than that of SK&F 96067 at the concentration of 10(-5) M. It is suggested that the reversible proton pump inhibitors YH1238 and YH1885 would be effective antiulcer agents.

Effects of Weiyanxiao on Basal Gastric-acid Secretion and Gastrin-induced Gastric-acid Secretion in Anesthetized Rats / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective Effects of Weiyanxiao on basal gastric- acid secretion in anesthetized rats were investigated.Methods pH value of gastric perfusate in rat models of gastric perfusion were detected with a precise acidity meter to evaluated the effects of Weiyanxiao on basal gastric- acid secretion and gastrin- induced acid secretion.Results Small- dose Weiyanxiao (12.3 g/kg) had no significant influence on basal gastric- acid secretion and has slight inhibition on high- level gastric- acid secretion induced by gastrin ;large- dose Weiyanxiao (24.6g/kg) could restrain basal gastric- acid secretion (P

Comparative studies of pharmacologic effects between Famotidine, Ranitidine and Cimetidine / 中国药理学通报

Famotidine ( Fam ) antagonized the effects of histamine on guinea pig atria and rat uteri MI vitro non-competitively,however the antagonisms of Ranitidine(Ran) and Cimetidine (Cim ) on hoistamine were competitive, their pA2 were 6. 24, 5. 16 and 4. 08 for guinea pig atria , 8. 26, 7. 22 and 6. 17 for rat uteri respectively. They reduced gastric secretion of acid and pepsin of pylorus ligated rats in dose-related manner, inhibited gastric secretion stimulated byhistamine, prevented the acute gastric lesion from stress, indomethacin and histamine, and enhanced the healing process of chronic gastirc ulcerinduced by acetic acid in rats. Moreover, Fam was much more potent than Ran (6~8 times) and Cim(30 - 40 times). Besides,Cim increased hypnotic effect of phenobartal, but Ran and Fam had no or Ittile such effects.

Inhibitory action of dl-tetrahydropalmatine on gastric acid secretion in vitro / 中国药理学通报

The action of dl - tetrahydropal-matine(dl-THP) was studied in two preparations in vitro : the isolated rat gastric mucosa and parietal cells, dl-THP was found to inhibit significantly basal acid formation by the gastric mucosa in a dose - response fashion. The effect was reversible, acid secretion returning to control levels 1. 5~2h after the preparation underwent a double wash, dl - THP also produced asignificant and dose - dependent inhibition of histamine - induced secretion in the gastric mucosa and parietal cells, shifted the histamine dose -response cuver to the right and suppressed the maximum acid production, with pD_2~1 values of 4. 72 and 4. 70, respectively.