Mortalidad por cardiopatías congénitas y adquiridas en niños de Villa Clara

RESUMEN Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares de la infancia constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de afecciones congénitas y adquiridas que representan una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad pediátricas. Objetivo: Describir clínica y epidemiológicamente a los pacientes pediátricos fallecidos por enfermedades cardiovasculares entre los años 2005 y 2017. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo en los 117 pacientes pediátricos fallecidos con diagnóstico de enfermedades cardiovasculares en la provincia de Villa Clara, entre los años 2005 y 2017, con predominio del análisis documental como método de investigación. Resultados: Se obtuvo una tasa de mortalidad de 1,6 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos con tendencia a disminuir en el tiempo, con predominio de los fallecidos con piel blanca (70,09 %), y sin diferencias en cuanto al sexo. Fueron más frecuentes las cardiopatías congénitas (75,21 %) como coartación aórtica y transposición de grandes vasos. Entre las cardiopatías adquiridas fue la miocarditis la más frecuente (79,30 %). Se diagnosticaron en la primera semana de vida 48,70 % de los pacientes y recibieron tratamiento médico 63,25 % de los pacientes. Las causas de muerte más frecuentes fueron la propia cardiopatía congénita de base y la disfunción multiorgánica por sepsis en el grupo de las congénitas y en las adquiridas el shock cardiogénico. Conclusiones: Predominaron las cardiopatías congénitas fundamentalmente la coartación aórtica. La mayoría de los pacientes recibieron solo tratamiento médico y las principales causas directas de muerte fueron la propia cardiopatía congénita y la disfunción multiorgánica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Children cardiovascular diseases constitute a heterogeneous group of congenital and acquired conditions that represent an important cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Objective: Describe clinically and epidemiologically pediatric patients who died of cardiovascular diseases between 2005 and 2017. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the 117 pediatric patients who died with a diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in the Villa Clara province, between 2005 and 2017, with a predominance of documentary analysis as a research method. Results: A mortality rate of 1.6 per 1000 live births was obtained, with a tendency to decrease over time, with a predominance of those who died with white skin (70.09%), and without differences in sex. Congenital heart disease (75.21%) was more frequent, such as aortic coarctation and transposition of large vessels. Among the acquired heart diseases, myocarditis was the most frequent (79.30%). 48.70% of patients were diagnosed in the first week of life and 63.25% of patients received medical treatment. The most frequent causes of death were congenital heart disease itself and multi-organ dysfunction due to sepsis in the congenital group and in those acquired cardiogenic shock. Conclusions: Congenital heart disease predominated, mainly aortic coarctation. Most patients received only medical treatment and the main direct causes of death were congenital heart disease itself and multi-organ dysfunction.

A comparative study of pediatric patients with Complete vs. Incomplete Kawasaki Disease in a tertiary Hospital: An eleven year review

Introduction@#Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in childhood, but its diagnosis remains challenging since a significant number of cases do not meet the diagnostic criteria (Incomplete KD). This may delay the diagnosis and initiation of treatment, and increase the risk of morbidity from coronary artery complications.@*Objectives@#This study compared the clinical profile and treatment outcomes of children with complete and incomplete KD. @*Methods@#This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study of pediatric patients diagnosed with KD and admitted in a tertiary hospital from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020. Demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratories, 2D echocardiography (2DE) findings and treatment outcomes were obtained by review of medical records and analyzed using descriptive statistics. @*Results@#Among 135 patients studied, 71% were classified as Incomplete Kawasaki Disease. Majority (89%) were children more than 1 year old and predominantly male (55%). Five classic features, other than fever, were more frequent in complete KD – bilateral bulbar conjunctivitis, mucosal changes in the lip and oral cavity, polymorphous exanthem, changes in extremities, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Fever (100%), conjunctivitis (100%), rashes (97%) and oral changes (90%) were the most common findings in complete KD, while fever (100%), rashes (56%), conjunctivitis (46%) and oral changes (35%) were noted in incomplete KD. Higher CRP (167 mg/L vs. 100 mg/L) and lower albumin levels (30 g/L vs. 38 g/L) were seen in complete KD. Coronary artery dilatation (56% vs. 48%) was frequently detected in both complete and incomplete KD. Majority (96%) of cases received only one dose of IVIG and 4% needed additional treatment with methylprednisone. @*Conclusion@#The five principal features of KD other than fever, elevated CRP and lower albumin levels were significantly more common in complete cases. No significant differences in the demographics and 2DE findings of children with complete and incomplete KD were observed.

Monoterapia con sildenafilo en pacientes con hipertensión pulmonar grave / Sildenafil monotherapy in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension

Introducción: El tratamiento con inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa 5 a pacientes con cardiopatías adquiridas y congénitas, con hipertensión pulmonar, puede mejorar la calidad y pronóstico de vida, tanto en cardiopatías quirúrgicas como no quirúrgicas, con hipertensión pulmonar grave. Objetivos: Analizar los resultados de la monoterapia con sildenafilo en pacientes quirúrgicos y no quirúrgicos, con cardiopatías congénitas y adquiridas e hipertensión pulmonar grave. Método: Estudio descriptivo en 60 pacientes que recibieron sildenafilo para hipertensión arterial pulmonar grave, secundaria a cardiopatías adquiridas izquierdas, congénitas. Se observó: dosis, duración del tratamiento, tolerancia, evolución clínica y ecocardiográfica, clase funcional y tratamiento quirúrgico según resultados del cateterismo cardiaco. Resultados: En el período entre diciembre de 2017 a diciembre de 2018 se operaron con hipertensión arterial pulmonar grave, 20 enfermos con trastornos valvulares cardíacos izquierdos, 8 congénitos y 3 tumores cardíacos primarios, con administración de sildenafilo en dosis de 100 a 150 miligramos diarios. Hubo otros 29 pacientes con cardiopatías, que aunque no eran quirúrgicos, mejoraron su calidad y pronóstico de vida. Conclusiones: Resultó útil la indicación de sildenafilo, para mejorar la calidad y el pronóstico de vida, tanto en pacientes quirúrgicos como no quirúrgicos con cardiopatías e hipertensión pulmonar grave(AU)

Introduction: Treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in patients with acquired and congenital heart disease, with pulmonary hypertension, can improve the quality and prognosis of life, both in surgical and non-surgical heart disease, with severe pulmonary hypertension. Objectives: To analyze the results of sildenafil monotherapy in surgical and non-surgical patients, with congenital and acquired heart disease and severe pulmonary hypertension. Method: Descriptive study in 60 patients who received sildenafil for severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, secondary to congenital left acquired heart disease. It was observed: dose, duration of treatment, tolerance, clinical and echocardiographic evolution, functional class and surgical treatment according to cardiac catheterization results. Results: In the period between December 2017 and December 2018, 20 patients with left heart valvular disorders, 8 congenital and 3 primary cardiac tumors, with sildenafil daily administration doses of 100 to 150 milligrams, were operated with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. There were 29 other patients with heart disease, which although they were not surgical, improved their quality and prognosis of life. Conclusions: The prescription of sildenafil was useful to improve the quality and prognosis of life, both in surgical and non-surgical patients with heart disease and severe pulmonary hypertension(AU)