Riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y su relación con el uso problemático de videojuegos y redes sociales en estudiantes universitarios

Introducción: El nivel de riesgo de consumo se establece a partir de la exposición que tiene una persona a ciertos factores de riesgo o características individuales, familiares o sociales, que posibilitan o aumentan el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA). Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como propósito relacionar el nivel de riesgo de consumo de SPA con el uso problemático de videojuegos y redes sociales, a fin de establecer su posible papel como factores de riesgo de tipo social. Método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental transversal de alcance descriptivo correlacional con la participación de 736 estudiantes. Se emplearon como instrumentos de recolección de datos el cuestionario sociodemográfico, prueba de tamizaje ASSIST 3,1, cuestionario de adicción a redes sociales - ARS y el cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con los Videojuegos - CERV. Resultados: Algunos resultados sugieren mayor exposición al consumo de sustancias alcohólicas, derivados del tabaco, del cannabis y mayores niveles en el uso problemático de redes sociales y videojuegos. Conclusiones: A partir de lo hallado, las evidencias apuntan a que el aumento de riesgo no depende de la tipología familiar, al contrario de lo que pasa con el sexo, a su vez el consumo de tabaco, alcohol, cocaína, inhalantes, sedantes y opiáceos dependen de variaciones.

Introduction: The level of risk of consumption is established from the exposure that a person has to certain risk factors or individual, family, or social characteristics, which enable or increase the consumption of psychoactive substances (PAS). Objective: The purpose of this study was to relate the level of risk of PAS consumption with the problematic use of video games and social networks, in order to establish their possible role as social risk factors. Method: A quantitative study was carried out with a non-experimental cross-sectional design of descriptive correlational scope with the participation of 736 students. The sociodemographic questionnaire, ASSIST 3,1 screening test, social network addiction questionnaire ARS and the Video Game Related Experiences Questionnaire CERV were used as data collection instruments. Results: It was found Some results suggest greater exposure to the consumption of alcoholic substances, tobacco derivatives, cannabis derivatives and higher levels in the problematic use of social networks and video games. Conclusions: From what was found, the evidence points to the fact that increased risk does not depend on family typology, contrary to what happens with sex, in turn the consumption of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, inhalants, sedatives and opiates depend on variations.

Prevalence of internet gaming disorder and its psychological correlates / Prevalência do transtorno do jogo pela internet e seus correlatos psicológicos

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptoms in a sample of Brazilian adults, and its association with personality, psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial measures. Methods We evaluated 219 adults online recruited using questionnaires and psychometric scales. We evaluated the behavior and pattern of internet games using the Game Addiction Scale (GAS). We tested the association of the previous measures with the GAS scores by spearman correlations and multiple regression analysis. Results Of our sample, 74% played games online. We found correlations between IGD symptoms and most symptoms of mental disorders, with small or moderate effect sizes, as well as correlations with the personality traits of agreeableness (r = -0.272; p < 0.001), conscientiousness (r = - 0.314; p < 0.001), and neuroticism (r = 0.299; p < 0.001). Additionally, we found a negative association with psychosocial outcomes such as quality of life (r = -0.339; p < 0.001) and life satisfaction (r = - 0.202; p < 0.003). The multivariate model included the personality traits of conscientiousness and agreeableness and symptoms of dissociation and somatization as predictors. The prevalence of IGD was 9% in those who played online games. Conclusion IGD is correlated with different areas of the individual's life, such as personality, quality of life, and several common symptoms of mental disorders. The prevalence can be considered high among players (9%). Conscientiousness, agreeability, somatic symptoms, and dissociative symptoms were associated with the symptoms of IGD.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de sintomas do transtorno do jogo pela internet (TJI) em uma amostra de adultos brasileiros e sua associação com personalidade, sintomas psiquiátricos e medidas psicossociais. Métodos Avaliamos 219 adultos recrutados on-line por meio de questionários e escalas psicométricas. Avaliamos o comportamento e o padrão dos jogos na internet usando a Game Addiction Scale (GAS). Testamos a associação das medidas anteriores com as pontuações na GAS por meio de correlações de Spearman e análise de regressão múltipla. Resultados De nossa amostra, 74% jogavam jogos on-line. Encontramos correlações entre sintomas do TJI e a maioria dos sintomas de transtornos mentais, com tamanhos de efeito pequenos ou moderados, bem como correlações com os traços de personalidade de amabilidade (r = -0,272; p < 0,001), conscienciosidade (r = - 0,314; p < 0,001) e neuroticismo (r = 0,299; p < 0,001). Além disso, encontramos uma associação negativa com resultados psicossociais, como qualidade de vida (r = -0,339; p < 0,001) e satisfação com a vida (r = - 0,202; p < 0,003). O modelo multivariado incluiu os traços de personalidade de conscienciosidade e amabilidade e sintomas de dissociação e somatização como preditores. A prevalência de TJI foi de 9% entre os que jogavam jogos on-line. Conclusão O TJI está correlacionado com diferentes áreas da vida do indivíduo, como personalidade, qualidade de vida e vários sintomas comuns de transtornos mentais. A prevalência pode ser considerada alta entre os jogadores (9%). Conscienciosidade, amabilidade, sintomas somáticos e sintomas dissociativos estavam associados aos sintomas do TJI.

La gestión del conocimiento en instituciones de atención primaria de salud en el noroeste de México

Introducción: La búsqueda de la eficiencia en la atención a la salud de la población representa una prioridad para cada uno de los niveles de atención, por lo que es vital identificar los elementos que permitan una mejora continua en las instituciones. La gestión del conocimiento es utilizada para tal fin y se ha estudiado a la par de otras variables como: la cultura organizacional, el liderazgo y la disponibilidad y el uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la relación de la gestión del conocimiento con estas variables en centros de atención primaria a las adicciones del noroeste de México. Métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario (α = .977) a 80 profesionales de la salud que laboraban en esas instituciones. Se encontraron relaciones positivas, grandes y significativas entre la gestión del conocimiento y el liderazgo (r = .816, p <. 001) y entre la gestión del conocimiento y la cultura organizacional (r =. 802, p <. 001). Sin embargo, se encontró una correlación positiva y moderada con la variable tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Conclusiones: Se concluye que en los centros de atención primaria a las adicciones del noroeste de México la cultura organizacional y el liderazgo se consideran los factores más importantes para contribuir al éxito de la gestión del conocimiento, principalmente en la adquisición y la transferencia del conocimiento. Es importante considerar en estudios futuros los beneficios sociales y económicos de emplear la gestión del conocimiento en la toma de decisiones organizacionales.

Introduction: The search for efficiency in health care for the population signifies a priority for each level of care, so it is vital to identify the elements allowing continuous improvement in institutions. Knowledge management is used for this purpose and it has been studied along with other variables such as organizational culture, leadership and the availability and use of information and communication technologies. Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship of knowledge management with these variables in primary addiction care centers in Northwest Mexico. Methods: A questionnaire (α = .977) was applied to 80 health professionals who worked in these institutions. Positive, large and significant relationships were found among knowledge management and leadership (r = .816, p < .001) and among knowledge management and organizational culture (r = .802, p < .001). However, positive and moderate correlation was found with the information and communication technologies variable. Conclusions: It is concluded that in primary addiction care centers in Northwest Mexico, organizational culture and leadership are considered the most important factors to contribute to the success of knowledge management, mainly in the acquisition and transfer of knowledge. It is important to consider in future studies the social and economic benefits of using knowledge management in organizational decision making.

Adicción a redes sociales y procrastinación académica en universitarios de la selva peruana / Addiction to social networks and academic procrastination in university students in the Peruvian jungle

El abuso del uso de las redes sociales genera dificultades en los individuos para las relaciones interpersonales, laborales y académicas. Se desarrolló una investigación con el objetivo de determinar la relación entre adicción a redes sociales y la procrastinación académica en estudiantes de una universidad privada de la selva peruana, durante el segundo período académico de 2021. El diseño metodológico fue no experimental con alcance correlacional y corte transversal. La población estuvo compuesta por universitarios matriculados en el período académico 2021-II, a partir de la cual se seleccionaron 304 alumnos mediante muestreo no probabilístico por sujetos voluntarios. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: el Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales y la Escala de Procrastinación Académica. El 78,6% de la muestra tenía edades entre 18 y 26 años y el 62,2% correspondió al sexo femenino. La mayoría estaba matriculada en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (50%) y el 27,6% cursaban el cuarto año. La distribución de los datos no resultó normal (p<0,05). Los valores globales de adicción a redes sociales y procrastinación académica no se correlacionaron estadísticamente (p>0,05). En las dos variables: adicción a las redes sociales y procrastinación, además de sus correspondientes dimensiones, la mayoría de los estudiantes involucrados se catalogaron en el nivel medio. No existió correlación estadística entre las dos variables principales del estudio; sin embargo, sí existió en lo referente a la adicción a las redes sociales en relación con la autorregulación académica y la postergación de actividades

The abuse of the use of social networks generates difficulties in people for interpersonal, work, and academic relationships. This research aimed to determine the relationship between addiction to social networks and academic procrastination in students at a private university from the Peruvian jungle, during the second academic period of 2021. The methodological design was non-experimental with a correlational scope, and cross-sectional. The population was constitu-ted by university students enrolled in the academic period 2021-II. 304 students were selected through non-probabilistic sampling by volunteer subjects. The instruments applied were the Social Network Addiction Questionnaire and the Academic Procrastination Scale. 78.6% of the sample were between 18 and 26 years of age and 62.2% were female. Most of them were enro-lled in the Faculty of Health Sciences (50%) and 27.6% were in their fourth year. The data distri-bution was not normal (p<0.05). The global values of addiction to social networks and academic procrastination were not statistically correlated (p>0.05). In the two variables (addiction to social networks and procrastination), most of the students involved were classified in the medium level. There was no statistical correlation between the two main variables of the study; however, it did exist in relation to addiction to social networks in relation to academic self-regu-lation and the postponement of activities.

Práctica Basada en Evidencia en Adicciones: Conocimientos y Habilidades de Psicoterapeutas del Noroeste de México / Evidence-Based Practice in Addictions Area: Knowledge and Skills of Therapists from Northwestern Mexico

Resumen La Práctica Basada en Evidencia (PBE) es un proceso que inicia con el conocimiento de las evidencias disponibles y concluye con la selección de la mejor intervención para su implementación en escenarios clínicos lo cual impacta la efectividad de las intervenciones. Objetivo. Caracterizar el perfil de los terapeutas que laboran en 17 centros de tratamiento ambulatorio en adicciones del noroeste de México, además de sus conocimientos y habilidades en el uso de la PBE (fuentes de consulta, uso de manuales) y percepción de su autoeficacia. Método. Participaron 102 terapeutas, se contemplaron dos etapas: cuantitativa basada en la aplicación del CUTEA y cualitativa con aplicación de entrevista semi-estructurada, buscando contrastar las respuestas. Resultados. La mayoría de los participantes tuvo dificultad para describir el concepto de PBE, solo el 37.25% logró una adecuada definición sin embargo, reportaron altos niveles (95.91%) de autoeficacia para implementarla. En relación a las fuentes de consulta el 50% reportó utilizar cualquier buscador comercial en internet, mientras que el 46.08% referían usar los manuales de la institución. Al ingreso a su trabajo, no contaban con capacitación en adicciones ni en el área clínica. Discusión. Se aborda la necesidad del entrenamiento en la PBE y no solo en la implementación de tratamientos específicos.

Abstract Introduction. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is a process which starts with the knowledge of available evidence and concludes with the evaluation and selection of the best intervention for the implementation in clinical settings, this process impact the efficacy of the interventions. The variables which can impact on the EBP could be: personal and institutional variables and therapist skills and variables of the interventions. However, to make decisions in the clinical context, it has prevailed a position based on the risks and needs of the clients, which would justify using any treatment, regardless of its effectiveness, which makes the professional psychologist a passive subject who is dedicated only to implementing interventions that institutions request. Therefore, EBP demands that the psychologist be critical of the research and this allows the identification of the best evidence available and also must have the skills to adapt that evidence to their particular context. The objective is to characterize the profile of therapists working in 17 outpatient treatment centers in Mexico, as well as the skills related to the use of EBP (sources of consultation and use of manuals, transfer of knowledge to the population and other therapists) and perception of their self-efficacy. Method. This is a cross-sectional research in which 102 therapists participated. Two stages were considered: quantitative, based on the application of a questionnaire, and the second was qualitative, seeking to contrast the responses. Results. Most of the participants had difficulties in explaining EBP, but reported high levels of self-efficacy to implement it. At the beginning of their work, they had no training in addictions or in the clinical area. Discussion. The need for training in EBP from undergraduate studies is addressed so that future therapists will find it more natural to implement it in clinical settings, through the analysis of scientific articles and, if possible, its application.

El phubbing y las relaciones de pareja adulta / Phubbing and adult couple relationships

Objetivo: comprender cuáles son los efectos generados por el Phubbing en las rela-ciones de pareja adulta. Materiales: la investigación es cualitativa y fenomenológica, para ello se trabaja con las historias de vida recolectadas por medio de una entrevista a profundidad, la misma se diseñó teniendo en cuenta las categorías de análisis. Po-blación: para el trabajo de campo se contó con cinco personas, adultos jóvenes con edades entre 25 a 40 años. Metodología: la presente investigación comprendida en el periodo de febrero hasta noviembre de 2020 se realizó bajo un enfoque cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico, el cual lleva a una comprensión e interpretación en amplitud del fenómeno, enfocado desde la realidad subjetiva de los informantes, es un enfoque dinámico donde las hipótesis y preguntas pueden manifestarse en cualquier momento (Hernández Sampieri et al., 2014). Resultados: se reconoce que este fenómeno es sig-nificativamente interferente en las relaciones de pareja, fomentando sentimientos de abandono e incluso en algunos casos de desconfianza. Conclusión: el consumo de las nuevas tecnologías permite apreciaciones encontradas, en tanto se encuentran postu-ras a favor y en contra; en todo caso el fenómeno resulta conflictivo cuando no se tiene un uso racional y mediático, llegando a interponerse como una barrera comunicativa

Objective: to understand the effects generated by Phubbing in adult couple relationships. Materials: the research is qualitative and phenomenological, for this we work with life stories collected through an in-depth interview, which was designed taking into account the categories of analysis. Population: for the field work there were five people, young adults between 25 and 40 years of age. Methodology: the present research, from February to November 2020, was conducted under a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, which leads to a broad understanding and interpretation of the phenomenon, focused on the subjective reality of the informants, it is a dynamic approach where the hypothesis and questions can be expressed at any time (Hernández Sampieri, 2014). Results: it is recognized that this phenomenon is significantly interfering in couple relationships, fostering feelings of abandonment and even in some cases of distrust. Conclusion: the consumption of new technologies allows conflicting appreciations, as there are positions in favor and against, in any case the phenomenon is conflictive when it is not used rationally and mediatically, becoming a communicative barrier

Aislamiento social, tecnología y salud mental / Social isolation, technology and mental health / Isolamento social, tecnologia e saúde mental

RESUMEN Introducción: hace varios meses el mundo se enfrenta a una situación de confinamiento para librar una intensa batalla relacionada con la COVID-19, causada por el SARS-CoV-2. A raíz de lo que ha representado este aislamiento social ya comienza a visibilizarse los daños a la salud mental de quienes lo enfrentan, principalmente los niños y adolescentes. El uso de la tecnología ha sido una opción para muchos y quienes han abusado de la misma hoy sufren la repercusión psicológica que puede generar cualquier adicción. Objetivo: describir las alteraciones psicológicas de los niños y adolescentes relacionada con el abuso de la tecnología en tiempos de COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos Medline/Pubmed, Elseiver, Scielo y Google académico. Se utilizó descriptores como pandemia, confinamiento, tecnología, adicciones, salud mental. Resultados: la medida de confinamiento en el mundo ha demostrado ser la acción más efectiva contra el SARS-CoV-2. Los niños y adolescentes son los que más problemas psicológicos pueden presentar a raíz de esta medida. El uso y abuso de la tecnología durante el confinamiento exacerba manifestaciones psicopatológicas por la pérdida en el control de los impulsos y la poca capacidad de adherirse a actividades más saludables y placenteras. Conclusiones: el confinamiento genera estrés, esto lleva al abuso de tecnología en los más jóvenes. Los trastornos del sueño, la agresividad, la ira, el pobre control de los impulsos, trastornos alimentarios, ansiedad, hiperactividad que aparecen se relacionan con la pérdida del control de estas conductas riesgos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: for several months the world has been facing a confinement situation to fight an intense battle related to COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. As a result of what this social isolation has represented, the damage to the mental health of those who face it, mainly children and adolescents, is beginning to become visible. The use of technology has been an option for many and those who have abused it today suffer the psychological repercussions that any addiction can generate. Objective: to describe the psychological alterations of children and adolescents related to the abuse of technology in times of COVID-19. Methods: a bibliographic search was carried out in Medline / Pubmed, Elseiver, Scielo and academic Google databases. Descriptors such as pandemic, confinement, technology, addictions, mental health were used. Results: the confinement measure in the world has proven to be the most effective action against SARS-CoV-2. Children and adolescents are the ones who can present the most psychological problems as a result of this measure. The use and abuse of technology during confinement exacerbates psychopathological manifestations due to loss of impulse control and poor ability to adhere to healthier and more enjoyable activities. Conclusions: confinement generates stress, this leads to the abuse of technology in the youngest. Sleep disorders, aggressiveness, anger, poor impulse control, eating disorders, anxiety, hyperactivity that appear are related to the loss of control of these risky behaviors.

RESUMO Introdução: hávários meses o mundo enfrenta uma situação de confinamento para travar uma intensa batalha relacionada ao COVID-19, causada pelo SARS-CoV-2. Em função do que representou esse isolamento social, os danos à saúde mental de quem o enfrenta, principalmente crianças e adolescentes, começam a se tornar visíveis. O uso da tecnologia tem sido uma opção para muitos e quem a abusou hoje sofre as repercussões psicológicas que qualquer vício pode gerar. Objetivo: descrever as alterações psicológicas de crianças e adolescentes relacionadas ao uso abusivo de tecnologia na época do COVID-19. Métodos: foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medline / Pubmed, Elseiver, Scielo e Google acadêmico. Descritores como pandemia, confinamento, tecnologia, vícios, saúde mental foram usados. Resultados: a medida de confinamento em todo o mundo tem se mostrado a ação mais eficaz contra a SARS-CoV-2. Crianças e adolescentes são os que mais podem apresentar problemas psicológicos com esta medida. O uso e o abuso de tecnologia durante o confinamento exacerba as manifestações psicopatológicas devido à perda de controle dos impulsos e baixa capacidade de aderir a atividades mais saudáveis ​​e agradáveis. Conclusões: o confinamento gera estresse, isso leva ao abuso da tecnologia nos mais jovens. Os distúrbios do sono, agressividade, raiva, mau controle dos impulsos, distúrbios alimentares, ansiedade, hiperatividade que aparecem estão relacionados à perda de controle desses comportamentos de risco.

Preparación pedagógica a profesionales de la salud para la lucha contra las drogadicciones / Pedagogical preparation health-care professionals for the fight against drug addictions

RESUMEN Introducción: la preparación pedagógica implica la incorporación a los profesores universitarios de los modos de actuación propios de la Educación Superior. Objetivo: diseñar programas de preparación pedagógica de los profesionales de la salud para la lucha contra las drogadicciones. Método: con una integración de métodos teóricos y empíricos, los procedimientos seguidos en esta investigación se corresponden con los de una investigación pedagógica. Mediante la investigación bibliográfica se precisó la concepción de preparación pedagógica, en particular para la lucha contra las drogadicciones y con otros métodos de investigación se alcanzó la identificación del nivel en que se encuentra, estableciéndose el problema científico en cómo contribuir a la preparación pedagógica para la lucha contra las drogadicciones. Resultados: se caracterizó la relación entre desarrollo profesional, preparación pedagógica de los profesionales de la salud y la lucha contra las drogadicciones, a partir de la que se diseñan programas de cursos y entrenamientos preparatorios sobre drogas y su prevención Conclusión: se ofrecen programas de curso y entrenamientos sobre drogas, sus retos y prevención que dota a los profesionales de la salud de herramientas pedagógicas en su preparación para la lucha contra las drogadicciones, concebidos y ejecutado con fiables resultados al aplicarse a la muestra de este estudio.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the pedagogic preparation implies the incorporation to the university professors of the modes of acting of Higher Education. Objective: to design educational preparation programs for health professionals in the fight against drug addiction. Method: With an integration of theoretical and empirical methods, the procedures followed in this research correspond to those of pedagogical research. Through bibliographic research, the concept of pedagogical preparation was specified, in particular for the fight against drug addiction, and with other research methods the identification of the level in which it is found was reached, establishing the scientific problem in how to contribute to the pedagogical preparation for the drug addiction prevention. Results: The relationship between professional development, pedagogical preparation of health professional and drug addiction prevention was characterized; programs of courses and training on prevention are designed. Conclusion: Course programs and training on prevention are offered, providing health professionals with pedagogical tools in their preparation, conceived and executed with reliable results when applied to the sample of this study.

Codependencia: una adicción o un patrón de relación inadecuado / Codependency: addiction or inadequate relationship pattern

La codependencia es un problema que afecta a cada vez más personas, siendo esta la que caracteriza frecuentes estados de insatisfacción y sufrimiento personal, donde la persona se encuentra enfocada en atender las necesidades de su pareja y/o de otras personas, sin tomar en cuenta las propias, a partir de una necesidad de que la conducta de otra persona se desarrolle desde las propias expectativas, al tiempo que se vive la imposibilidad de expresarlo de manera clara y asertiva en el día a día. Terapéuticamente esta problemática ha sido y sigue siendo motivo de consulta en contextos de rehabilitación y procesos de recuperación en adicciones, estando representada en la naturaleza de los vínculos que se establecen al interior de una familia o de una pareja. De ahí la importancia del abordaje terapéutico de la red de apoyo del adicto, ya que esta tiende a considerar la adicción como un asunto único de la persona en rehabilitación. Desde hace algo más de 20 años, este tema ha sido motivo de investigación de terapeutas, psicólogos, psiquiatras y consejeros, quienes han propiciado discusiones a la luz de establecer un concepto de codependencia y qué elementos de esta merecen la pena tener en cuenta al momento de establecer líneas o planes de tratamientos para las personas que sufren esta condición

Codependency is a problem that affects more and more people, being this the one that characterizes frequent states of dissatisfaction and personal suffering, where the person is focused on meeting the needs of their partner and / or other people, without taking into account their own, from a need for the behavior of another person to develop from their own expectations, while experiencing the impossibility of expressing it clearly and assertively on a day-to-day basis. Therapeutically, this problem has been and continues to be a reason for consultation in the context of rehabilitation and recovery processes in addictions, being represented in the nature of the bonds that are established within a family or a couple. Hence the importance of the therapeutic approach of the addict's support network, since it tends to consider addiction as a unique issue for the person in rehabilitation. For a little over 20 years, this topic has been the subject of research by therapists, psychologists, psychiatrists and counselors, who have fostered discussions in the light of establishing a concept of codependency and what elements of it are worth taking into account at the time of establish treatment lines or plans for people who suffer from this condition

Psicodrama y psicoanálisis en un grupo "monosintomático": Un luagar para la diferencia / Psychodrama and psychoanalysis in a "monosymptomatic" group: a place for difference

El presente trabajo fue llevado a cabo durante el año 2018 en la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, dentro una institución especializada en personas que padecen de consumo problemático de sustancias psicoactivas. En el mismo se presentará el resultado del análisis de un dispositivo grupal de orientación psicoanalítica con la utilización de técnicas psicodramáticas. Uno de los malestares que se manifestaba constantemente en los pacientes internados en la institución se relaciona al vínculo con su familia y/o grupo continente. Este vínculo se caracterizaba en la mayoría de los casos por ser escaso o prácticamente nulo. En relación a esto, los miembros del grupo consideraban que el "ser adicto" los alejó de sus afectos. Pensando sobre esta problemática se realizó el grupo terapéutico, con el objetivo de poder trabajar la dinámica intervincular de cada uno de los integrantes del grupo, así como también interrogar sobre la identificación al "ser adicto". Se realizó una lectura de lo sucedido en el grupo en dos tiempos, tomando como fundamento lo planteado por Massimo Recalcati. Partiendo desde un primer momento de identificación grupal "monosintomática", se promovieron las condiciones de posibilidad de trabajar sobre la singularidad del caso por caso

The present study is located in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, in the year 2018, executed in an specialized institution of consumption of psychoactive substances pathologies. The aim of the following work is to present the result of a psychoanalytic group in relation with the use of "psychodramatic" techniques. Hospitalized patients constantly manifested discomforts related to the bond with their family and/or continent group. Said bond was characterized in most cases as being scarce or practically non-existent. And members of the group considered that "the addiction" distanced them from their affections. Regarding this problem, the therapeutic group was carried out, with the aim of being able to work on the inter-bond dynamics of each members of the group, as well as questioning about the identification of "being addicted". The final approach was made in two stages considering what happened in the group, taking Massimo Recalcati (2015) as a reference. Conditions of possibility were promoted to address the singularity of each case starting from the first moment of "monosymptomatic" group identification

Development of an evidence-based model of rapid testing, counseling and referral patients with HIV, HVC and other STDs in Mexican addiction treatment centers / Desarrollo de un modelo basado en evidencia de pruebas rápidas, orientación y derivación de pacientes con VIH, VHC y otras ITS en centros mexicanos de tratamiento de adicciones

Abstract Introduction Efforts to identify new cases of HIV, HVC and other STIs, through the application of quick tests, focus on people who inject drugs, without taking into account the fact that the use of alcohol and other drugs of abuse inhibits decision making, increasing the transmission of STIs through risky sexual practices. Accordingly, it is necessary to have detection algorithms that consider people who use multiple drugs to improve the identification of new cases and their subsequent linkage with health services. Objective This paper describes the development process of the OPB-APR model for the detection, counseling and referral of people with HIV and other STIs at addiction treatment centers. Method The procedure is divided into three phases: 1. A literature review to identify the basic concepts of HIV and other STIs, substance use, risky sexual behaviors, quick tests, and specialized psychological counseling; 2. A feasibility study in which a health professional is trained to implement the OPB-APR model; 3. Drafting of the final version. Results The final version of the OPB-APR model was obtained, which describes standardized procedures for detection, counseling and referral to health services. Discussion and conclusions The OPB-APR model aims to strengthen the public health system by increasing the coverage of services for the detection of HIV, HCV and other STIs. The above through the implementation of standardized procedures among specialized and non-specialized health professionals of addiction care centers.

Resumen Introducción Los esfuerzos para la identificación de nuevos casos de VIH, VHC y otras ITS, mediante la aplicación de pruebas rápidas, se centra en personas que se inyectan drogas, sin considerar que el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas de abuso inhiben la toma de decisiones incrementando el riesgo de contagio de ITS durante prácticas sexuales de riesgo. Por este motivo, es necesario contar con algoritmos de detección que consideren a personas con múltiples consumos para incrementar la identificación de nuevos casos y su posterior vinculación a servicios de salud. Objetivo Describir el proceso de desarrollo del modelo OPB-APR para la detección, orientación y referencia de personas con VIH y otras ITS en centros de tratamiento de adicciones. Método El procedimiento se dividió en tres fases: 1. Revisión de literatura para identificar conceptos básicos sobre el VIH y otras ITS, consumo de sustancias, conductas sexuales de riesgo, pruebas rápidas, y orientación psicológica especializada; 2. Estudio de factibilidad en el que se entrenó a profesionales de la saludpara implementar el modelo OPB-APR; 3. Integración de la versión final. Resultados Se obtuvo la versión final del modelo OPB-APR el cual describe procedimientos estandarizados para la detección, orientación y referencia a servicios de salud. Discusión y conclusión El modelo OPB-APR pretende fortalecer al sistema público de salud al incrementar la cobertura de servicios para la detección del VIH, VHC y otras ITS. Lo anterior mediante la implementación de procedimientos estandarizados entre los profesionales de la salud especializados y no especializados de centros para la atención de adicciones.

El grupo de rehabilitación de adicciones en la prevención del alcoholismo desde centros escolares / The addictions rehabilitation group in alcoholism prevention from educational institutions

RESUMEN El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas es actualmente uno de los principales factores de riesgo relacionados con el estado de salud de las personas.Los pacientes con prolongada abstinencia y reinsertados socialmente se consideran en líderes formales que contribuyen a la prevención de adicciones, como nos lo confirman la larga experiencia acumulada en terapias grupales de alcoholismo. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de lograr la sistematización de los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan la prevención del alcoholismo desde la escuela y elaborar una estrategia para aprovechar las potencialidades de los adictos rehabilitados en la prevención de esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Alcohol consumption is currently one of the main risk factors related to the people´s health status. The patients with prolonged abstinence and socially reincorporated are considered formal leaders contributing to prevent addictions, as it is confirmed by the authors´ long experience working with alcohol addicted groups. A bibliographic review was carried out with the aim of systematizing the theoretical background of alcohol prevention from school and elaborating a strategy to take advantage of the rehabilitated addicts in this disease prevention.

La prevención del alcoholismo en instituciones educativas / Alcoholism prevention in educative institutions

RESUMEN Cuba posee una profunda voluntad política para la realización de programas de promoción de salud. Un papel protagónico en este sentido lo tiene el Ministerio de Salud Pública y el Ministerio de Educación. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de lograr la sistematización de los fundamentos teóricos que sustentan la formación inicial del maestro y el tratamiento que durante esta etapa se le da a la promoción de salud y la prevención de adicciones. Se identificaron un grupo de insuficiencias que requieren de un serio tratamiento en la labor a acometer en los centros cubanos de la educación para que se implementen acciones de promoción y prevención de adicciones por el maestro.

ABSTRACT Cuba has a deep political will of carrying out health promotion programs. The Ministry of Public Health and the Ministry of Education play an important role in this field. The authors carried out a bibliographic review aimed at systematizing the theoretic fundaments that are at the basis of the teacher's initial training and the treatment given to health promotion and addiction prevention at this stage. A group of insufficiencies was identified in Cuban educational institutions requiring a serious approach for the teachers to perform actions of addictions prevention.

Rastreio e intervenção breve para mulheres que fazem uso de risco e nocivo de álcool atendidas em serviço de atenção primária à saúde / Screening and Brief Intervention for women who are on risk/harmful use of alcohol attended at Primary Health Care

Introdução: Parcela significativa de mulheres atendidas em serviços de Atenção Primária á Saúde (APS) faz uso de risco e nocivo de álcool, e a prevalência desse padrão de consumo vem aumentando nessa população nos últimos anos, gerando incontáveis prejuízos sociais e de saúde. Estratégias de enfrentamento e prevenção no contexto da APS vem sendo sugeridas, dentre elas, destaca-se se a Intervenção Breve (IB), que tem demonstrado resultados satisfatórios quando realizada com mulheres. Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade da IB no padrão de consumo de álcool e na motivação para mudança de comportamento em mulheres que fazem uso de risco ou nocivo de álcool atendidas em um serviço de APS. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado em que 20 mulheres atendidas em um serviço de APS que faziam um consumo de risco ou nocivo de álcool foram rastreadas utilizando-se o instrumento Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), e divididas aleatoriamente entre dois grupos; o Grupo Intervenção (GI) que participou da IB (sessão individual de 20 a 30 minutos, utilizando-se de técnicas motivacionais) o Grupo Controle (GC) que recebeu o Aconselhamento Breve (AB) (feedback sobre o padrão de consumo de álcool). Os desfechos foram avaliados na linha de base, no primeiro e no terceiro mês de seguimento, sendo eles: padrão de consumo de álcool, prontidão para mudança de comportamento, frequência e quantidade de álcool consumido no último mês. Para a análise intragrupo e intergrupo foi utilizado o modelo linear generalizado e para todos os testes foi considerado como significativo um valor de p 0,05. Resultados: Houve diminuição no escore AUDIT em ambos os grupos nos dois seguimentos, na linha de base (GI 12,89; GC 10,64), no 1º mês (GI 12,78 p=0,9; GC 7,9 p=0,01) e no 3º mês (GI 10,11 p=0,13; GC 7,09 p<0,00). Embora o GI tenha mantido o padrão de uso de risco de álcool após a IB, houve redução do número de doses ingeridas em relação a avaliação inicial (p<0,00) e menor quando comparado ao número de doses ingeridas pelo GC no mesmo período (p=0,07). Os resultados também sugerem a efetividade da IB nos estágios de prontidão para mudança do padrão do uso de álcool em mulheres que fazem uso de risco e nocivo de álcool, (antes da IB 4,89; após 1ºmês de IB 6,67, p=0,12). Conclusão: A Intervenção Breve aplicada no contexto da APS é efetiva na diminuição do consumo de álcool em mulheres que fazem uso de risco ou nocivo desta substância, e tem potencial para influenciar positivamente nos estágios de prontidão para mudança do hábito de beber

Introduction: A significant number of women attended at Primary Health Care (PHC) services is on risk/harmful use of alcohol, and the prevalence of consumption pattern has been increasing in this population recently, with countless social and health losses. Coping strategies and prevention in PHC settings have been suggested, highlighting the Brief Intervention (BI), which has shown satisfactory results when performed with women. Objective: To verify the IB effectiveness in the pattern of alcohol consumption and in the motivation to change women behavior who are on risk/harmful use of alcohol attended in an PHC service. Methods: Randomized clinical trial in which 20 women attended at a PHC service who are on risk/harmful alcohol intake were screened using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and randomly divided into two groups; the Intervention Group (IG) who participated in the IB (20 to 30 minutes individual session, by motivational techniques), the Control Group (CG) who received the Brief Advice (BA) (feedback on the pattern of alcohol consumption). Outcomes were assessed at the baseline, in the first and third month of follow-up, being: pattern of alcohol consumption, readiness to change behavior, frequency and amount of alcohol consumed in the last month. For the intragroup and intergroup analysis, the generalized linear model was used and for all tests, a p0.05 value was considered significant. Results: There was a decrease in the AUDIT score in both groups in two segments: the first month (IG 12.78 p=0.9, CG 7.9 p=0.01) and in the third month (IG 10.11 p=0.13, CG 7.09, p<0.00). Although IG maintained the alcohol risk pattern after IB, the number of doses ingested was lower than the baseline (p<0.00) and lower when compared to the number of doses ingested by CG during the same period (p=0.07). The data suggest the effectiveness of IB in the stages of readiness to change the alcohol ingestion pattern (before BI 4.89, after 1st BI 6.67, p=0.12). Conclusions: Brief Intervention applied in PHC setting is effective in reducing alcohol consumption in women who are on risk/harmful use of this substance which has the potential to influence positively in the stages of readiness to change drinking habits

Validity and Reliability of a Korean Version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C). METHODS: Participants were 419 young adolescent students (11~15 years old). The content validity of the expert group was calculated as the content validity index (CVI) after the translation and reverse translation process of the 25 items of the YFAS-C. The multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) method was used to verify the construct validity; the generalized linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the concurrent and incremental validity. Reliability was calculated as Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Spearman-Brown coefficients. RESULTS: The CVI of the 25 items was greater than the item-level CVI .80 and the scale-level CVI .90. The Korean version of YFAS-C had verified convergent validity in emotional eating and external eating and discriminant validity in restrained eating. In addition, it had verified concurrent validity in emotional eating and external eating. Finally the incremental validity of the Korean version of YFAS-C was statistically significant on BMI. Reliability was KR-20 α=.69 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was .64. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of YFAS-C is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the severity of food addiction; it can be a useful scale for preventing obesity by predicting food addiction early.

Preliminary results from Brazil's first recovery housing program / Dados preliminares do primeiro programa de moradia monitorada no Brasil

Abstract Introduction: The recovery housing (RH) program was initiated in São Paulo with the objective of providing treatment for substance use disorders and addressing users' housing and employment problems. The purpose of this study was to describe the model based on its first 11 months of operation, it was launched in June 2016 in Brazil. Method: We carried out a retrospective analysis of the records of all subjects treated in the RH of the Restart Program (Programa Recomeço) since its creation, from June 2016 to May 2017. Results: Sixty-nine subjects were included. Thirty-five (51%) remained in the household until the end of treatment or were reinserted in society. Thirty-four (49%) presented recurrence during their stay, of which 16 (47%) volunteered for treatment in a therapeutic community or psychiatric hospital, 8 (23.5%) chose to continue with outpatient treatment only, 6 (17.7%) returned to their families and continued to receive outpatient treatment, and 4 (11.8%) discontinued the treatment. Of the 35 subjects who completed the RH program, 28 (80%) were in employment and 7 (20%) received governmental support for permanent disability on medical or psychiatric grounds. Conclusion: RH can be an important component of integrated care and is used in several countries. Although controversial, the use of urine tests to control relapse seems to have a positive impact on adherence to treatment and maintenance of abstinence. These preliminary findings corroborate, with clear limitations, the evidence available in the literature showing that RH programs are effective for the treatment of addictions.

Resumo Introdução: O Programa Moradia Monitorada (MM) foi iniciado em São Paulo com o objetivo de prover tratamento para transotrnos de uso de substâncias e problemas relacionados a moradia e emprego. O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever o modelo com base nos primeiros 11 meses de operação (o programa foi lançado em junho de 2016 no Brasil). Métodos: Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo utilizando os registros de todos os indivíduos tratados no MM do Programa Recomeço desde a sua criação. Resultados: Sessenta e nove indivíduos foram incluídos. Trinta e cinco (51%) permaneceram no tratamento até o fim ou foram reinseridos socialmente com sucesso. Trinta e quatro sujeitos (49%) apresentaram recidiva durante a permanência. Destes, 16 (47%) se voluntariaram para tratamento em comunidades terapêuticas ou hospitais psiquiátricos, 8 (23,5%) escolheram permanecer apenas no tratamento ambulatorial, 6 (17.7%) retornaram para suas famílias e continuaram o tratamento em uma unidade ambulatorial próxima ao domicílio, e 4 (11.8%) descontinuaram o tratamento. Dos 35 pacientes que completaram o tratamento, 28 (80%) estavam empregados em serviço regular e 7 (20%) recebiam aposentadoria por questões clínicas e/ou psiquiátricas. Conclusão: O modelo MM pode ser um componente importante na via de cuidados integrados e é utilizado em vários países. Apesar de controverso, o uso de análise de urina para vigilância da recidiva e da recorrência parece ter um impacto positivo na adesão ao tratamento e na manutenção da abstinência. Nossos achados preliminares corroboram, com claras limitações, os resultados reportados previamente na literatura, de que os programas de MM são efetivos no tratamento da dependência química.

Problematic internet use among students in South-East Asia: Current state of evidence

Problematic Internet use (PIU) among students has become a significant mental health concern. Our goals were to review the existing studies on problematic Internet from Southeast Asian Region and examine: the prevalence for PIU among students; explore for sociodemographic and clinical correlates; and assess the physical, mental, and psychosocial impact of PIU in this population. All studies conducted among population of the Southeast Asia, involving students (school students to postgraduate students) of any age which explored etiological factors and/or the prevalence or any other factor associated with PIU/Internet addiction were considered eligible for the present review. The electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically searched for the relevant published studies up to and including October 2016. Our search strategy yielded 549 articles, 295 of which were eligible for screening based on their publication in English language in a peer-reviewed journal. Of these, a total of 38 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The prevalence of severe PIU/Internet addiction ranged from 0 to 47.4%, whereas the prevalence of Internet overuse/possible Internet addiction ranged from 7.4% to 46.4% among students from Southeast Asia. Physical impairments in the form of insomnia (26.8%), daytime sleepiness (20%), and eye strain (19%) were also reported among problem users. There is a need to conduct further research in this area to explore the protective and risk factors associated with it and also longitudinally assess the trajectories of the outcome.

Padrões do consumo de substâncias psicoativas em comunidades indígenas da etnia Karipuna do município do Oiapoque-AP / Patterns of psychoactive substance used in indigenous Karipuna communities in the municipality of Oiapoque-AP

Introdução: a temática de álcool e outras drogas ainda é pouco explorada entre as populações indigenas brasileiras; considerando-se a necessidade de explorar esse problema e a escassez de estudos sobre este fenômeno na região norte do Pais, realizou-se esta pesquisa. Objetivo: identificar os padrões do consumo de substâncias psicoativas na etnia Karipuna do municipio de Oiapoque, estado do Amapá, verificando a associação desses padrões com variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e comportamentais da amostra. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em 12 aldeias da etnia Karipuna, localizadas no município de Oiapoque. A amostra constitui-se de 230 individuos predominantemente do sexo masculino (51,3%), faixa etária de 16 a 30 anos (46,5%), católicos (71,1%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (28,3%). Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados o Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), a Questão chave (QC) e o Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvment Screening Test (ASSIST). Para a análise dos dados realizou se o teste de qui quadrado para verificar a associações entre as variáveis de interesse e o padrão de consumo das substâncias; posteriormente foram selecionadas as variáveis para compor o modelo de regressão logística com prefixação do p-valor de 0,20, obtendo-se daí os valores do Odds Ratio (OR), entre as variáveis selecionadas na regressão logística. Resultados: de acordo com o AUDIT 59,5% dos entrevistados faziam uso de baixo risco, 32,1% uso de risco, 6% uso nocivo e 2,4% apresentavam provável dependência. A prevalência de alteração de pressão arterial entre os entrevistados foi de (19%), diabetes (3,1%), presença de pensamento suicida (13,5%), tentativas de suicidio (9,5%), mais de um terço dos entrevistados (35,6%), referiu manter Relações Sexuais Após Consumo de Álcool (RSACA). Os maiores preditores do uso de risco e nocivo de acordo com o AUDIT foram ser do sexo masculino (OR=2,47), apresentar pensamento suicida (OR=3,02) e manter RSACA (2,21). Os resultados do ASSIST mostraram que 73,4% dos entrevistados faziam uso ocasional de álcool, 26% faziam uso abusivo e 0,6% apresentava possível dependência. Os preditores do uso problemático, segundo o ASSIST, foram: ser do sexo masculino (OR=2,33), apresentar alteração de pressão (OR=4,03) e manter RSACA (OR=2,34). Em relação à Questão-chave, 42,2% dos entrevistados faziam uso de risco mais de 4 vezes ao ano, como principais preditores desse uso: ser estudante (OR=2,99), ter migrado da aldeia de origem (OR=2,22), fazer uso de preservativo (OR=2,62); manter RSACA (OR=1,61). O uso problemático do tabaco foi observado em 16,6% da amostra, os principais preditores desta condição foram: pertencer ao sexo masculino (OR=4,24); ter migrado da aldeia de origem (OR=3,27). Conclusão: as drogas de maior prevalência entre os indigenas da etnia Karipuna são licitas, e seu padrão de uso problemático é maior que o observado entre a população geral. A prática RSACA foi importante preditor do uso problemático e álcool, independentemente do instrumento de rastreio; medidas preventivas devem, pois, ser maximizadas entre esta população. Os dados deste estudo têm potencial para subsidiar a realização de pesquisas futuras nesta área, não só em relação aos povos de etnia Karipuna, mas a outras etnias indigenas da região norte brasileira e do Brasil.

Introduction: Alcohol and other drugs themes are still little explored in Brazilian indigenous population. Considering the need to explore this problem and the scarcity of studies investigating this phenomenon in the northern region of the country, this research was carried out. Objective: To identify patterns of psychoactive substance used in the Karipuna ethnic group of the city of Oiapoque in the state of Amapá verifying the association of these patterns with socio-demographic, clinical and behavioral variables of the sample. Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in twelve villages of ethnic Karipuna, located in the municipality of Oiapoque. The sample was 230 individuals predominantly male (51.3%), from 16 to 30 years old (46.5%), Catholic (71.1%), with incomplete elementary school (28.3%). For the data collection, the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), the Key Question (KQ) and the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were used. The chi-square test was used to analyze the associations between the variables of interest and the pattern of consumption of the substances. Then, the variables were selected to compose the logistic regression model with pre fixation of the p-value of 0.20, obtaining the Odds Ratio (OR) values from this model, among the variables selected in the logistic regression. Results: According to the AUDIT, there were 59.5% of the interviewees who used psychoactive substance at low risk, 32.1% at risk, 6% at a harmful use and 2.4% had a possible dependency The prevalence of altered blood pressure in the interviewees was (19%), diabetes (3.1%), suicidal thoughts (13.5%), suicide attempts (9.5%), more than a third of respondents (35.6%), reported maintaining sexual relationships after alcohol consumption (SRAAC). The highest predictors of risk and harmful use of a psychoactive substance according to the AUDIT were male (OR 2.47), suicidal thoughts (OR=3.02) and SRAAC (2.21). The ASSIST results showed that 73.4% of the interviewees had occasional use of alcohol, 26% had an abusive use of alcohol) and 0.6% had a possible dependency. The predictors of problematic use using ASSIST were: male (OR=2.33), having pressure changes (OR=4.03) and maintain SRAAC (OR 2.34). Regarding the Key Question, there were 42.2% of respondents having a risk of psychoactive substance use in more than 4 times a year, with students as the main predictors of this use (OR 2.99), having migrated from the village of origin (OR=2, 22), using a condom (OR=2.62) and maintaining SRAAC (OR=1.61). The problematic use of tobacco was observed in 16.6% of the sample. The main predictors of this condition were male (OR=4.24) and migrated from the village of origin The drugs with the highest prevalence in the Karipuna ethnic are legal and the pattern of their problematic use is greater than the general population. The SRAAC practice proved to be an important predictor of this problematic use and alcohol regardless of the screening instrument indicating that preventive measures should be maximized in this population. The data from this study has the potential to support future research in this area, involving not only ethnic Karipuna people but also other indigenous ethnic groups from the northern Brazilian region and the rest of Brazil.

Rastreio e intervenção breve para mulheres que fazem uso de risco e nocivo de álcool atendidas em serviço de atenção primária à saúde / Screening and Brief Intervention for women who are on risk/harmful use of alcohol attended at Primary Health Care

Introdução: Parcela significativa de mulheres atendidas em serviços de Atenção Primária á Saúde (APS) faz uso de risco e nocivo de álcool, e a prevalência desse padrão de consumo vem aumentando nessa população nos últimos anos, gerando incontáveis prejuízos sociais e de saúde. Estratégias de enfrentamento e prevenção no contexto da APS vem sendo sugeridas, dentre elas, destaca-se se a Intervenção Breve (IB), que tem demonstrado resultados satisfatórios quando realizada com mulheres. Objetivo: Verificar a efetividade da IB no padrão de consumo de álcool e na motivação para mudança de comportamento em mulheres que fazem uso de risco ou nocivo de álcool atendidas em um serviço de APS. Método: Ensaio clínico randomizado em que 20 mulheres atendidas em um serviço de APS que faziam um consumo de risco ou nocivo de álcool foram rastreadas utilizando-se o instrumento Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT), e divididas aleatoriamente entre dois grupos; o Grupo Intervenção (GI) que participou da IB (sessão individual de 20 a 30 minutos, utilizando-se de técnicas motivacionais) o Grupo Controle (GC) que recebeu o Aconselhamento Breve (AB) (feedback sobre o padrão de consumo de álcool). Os desfechos foram avaliados na linha de base, no primeiro e no terceiro mês de seguimento, sendo eles: padrão de consumo de álcool, prontidão para mudança de comportamento, frequência e quantidade de álcool consumido no último mês. Para a análise intragrupo e intergrupo foi utilizado o modelo linear generalizado e para todos os testes foi considerado como significativo um valor de p 0,05. Resultados: Houve diminuição no escore AUDIT em ambos os grupos nos dois seguimentos, na linha de base (GI 12,89; GC 10,64), no 1º mês (GI 12,78 p=0,9; GC 7,9 p=0,01) e no 3º mês (GI 10,11 p=0,13; GC 7,09 p<0,00). Embora o GI tenha mantido o padrão de uso de risco de álcool após a IB, houve redução do número de doses ingeridas em relação a avaliação inicial (p<0,00) e menor quando comparado ao número de doses ingeridas pelo GC no mesmo período (p=0,07). Os resultados também sugerem a efetividade da IB nos estágios de prontidão para mudança do padrão do uso de álcool em mulheres que fazem uso de risco e nocivo de álcool, (antes da IB 4,89; após 1ºmês de IB 6,67, p=0,12). Conclusão: A Intervenção Breve aplicada no contexto da APS é efetiva na diminuição do consumo de álcool em mulheres que fazem uso de risco ou nocivo desta substância, e tem potencial para influenciar positivamente nos estágios de prontidão para mudança do hábito de beber.

Introduction: A significant number of women attended at Primary Health Care (PHC) services is on risk/harmful use of alcohol, and the prevalence of consumption pattern has been increasing in this population recently, with countless social and health losses. Coping strategies and prevention in PHC settings have been suggested, highlighting the Brief Intervention (BI), which has shown satisfactory results when performed with women. Objective: To verify the IB effectiveness in the pattern of alcohol consumption and in the motivation to change women behavior who are on risk/harmful use of alcohol attended in an PHC service. Methods: Randomized clinical trial in which 20 women attended at a PHC service who are on risk/harmful alcohol intake were screened using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and randomly divided into two groups; the Intervention Group (IG) who participated in the IB (20 to 30 minutes individual session, by motivational techniques), the Control Group (CG) who received the Brief Advice (BA) (feedback on the pattern of alcohol consumption). Outcomes were assessed at the baseline, in the first and third month of follow-up, being: pattern of alcohol consumption, readiness to change behavior, frequency and amount of alcohol consumed in the last month. For the intragroup and intergroup analysis, the generalized linear model was used and for all tests, a p0.05 value was considered significant. Results: There was a decrease in the AUDIT score in both groups in two segments: the first month (IG 12.78 p=0.9, CG 7.9 p=0.01) and in the third month (IG 10.11 p=0.13, CG 7.09, p<0.00). Although IG maintained the alcohol risk pattern after IB, the number of doses ingested was lower than the baseline (p<0.00) and lower when compared to the number of doses ingested by CG during the same period (p=0.07). The data suggest the effectiveness of IB in the stages of readiness to change the alcohol ingestion pattern (before BI 4.89, after 1st BI 6.67, p=0.12). Conclusions: Brief Intervention applied in PHC setting is effective in reducing alcohol consumption in women who are on risk/harmful use of this substance which has the potential to influence positively in the stages of readiness to change drinking habits.

Ibero-American initiative for dual disorders to improve public treatment programs / Iniciativa iberoamericana en patología dual para el mejoramiento de los programas públicos de tratamiento

Abstract Introduction: Dual disorders (DD) are defined as the co-occurrence of substance use disorders with other psychiatric disorders across the lifespan. DD represent a diagnostic dimension with clinical peculiarities and specific healthcare needs, which raises the need to implement integrative treatment algorithms. However, worldwide, most programs address this condition through serial or parallel approaches. In Latin America, as in the rest of the world, there is no health care network that adequately addresses this problem. Objective: To describe the development of the initiative for the integral treatment of DD in Latin America. Method: The Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Pan American Health Organization), together with other collaborating organizations, implemented a three-stage plan for developing a regional initiative: 1. meeting of DD experts, 2. review of the literature on DD, and 3. identification of services for DD care in Latin America. Results: The creation of the Iniciativa Iberoamericana para la Patología Dual (Ibero-American Initiative for Dual Disorders) seeks to implement four lines of action to improve of public services: a) build a theoretical-conceptual consensus on DD, b) propose a treatment model, c) develop skills-based training, and d) create collaborative networks for research on DD. Discussion and conclusion: The following actions include the formation of working groups to create a regional collaborative network, discuss the role of participating organizations and establish guidelines for the implementation of the initiative.

Resumen Introducción: La patología dual (PD) se define como la coocurrencia de trastornos por uso de sustancias con otros trastornos psiquiátricos a lo largo del ciclo vital. La PD representa una dimensión diagnóstica con peculiaridades clínicas y necesidades asistenciales específicas, lo que implica la necesidad de implementar algoritmos de tratamiento integrativos. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los programas en el mundo ofrecen sólo modelos que atienden de forma serial o paralela esta condición. En Latinoamérica, como en el resto del mundo, no se cuenta con una red de atención sanitaria que aborde correctamente esta problemática. Objetivo: Presentar el desarrollo de la iniciativa para el abordaje integral de la PD en Latinoamérica. Método: La Organización Panamericana de la Salud, junto con otras organizaciones colaboradoras, implementó un plan de trabajo de tres etapas para generar una iniciativa regional: 1. reunión de expertos en PD, 2. revisión de la literatura sobre PD, y 3. identificar los servicios para atender la PD en Latinoamérica. Resultados: Se generó una Iniciativa Iberoamericana para la Patología Dual. Ésta pretende implementar cuatro líneas de acción para mejorar los servicios públicos: a) generar un consenso teórico-conceptual sobre PD, b) proponer un modelo de tratamiento, c) desarrollar un entrenamiento basado en competencias, y d) crear redes de colaboración para la investigación en PD. Discusión y conclusión: Las siguientes acciones incluyen la conformación de grupos de trabajo para crear una red colaborativa regional, discutir el rol de las organizaciones participantes y establecer lineamientos para la implementación de la iniciativa.