La secuencia adenoma-carcinoma, consideraciones clínicas, patológicas y de vigilancia endoscópica / The adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Clinical, pathological and endoscopic surveillance

A case of a 84 year-old woman with a history of colonoscopy performed in May 2008, where a 5 mm polyp was detected from the hepatic flexure. It was removed by biopsy and histology showed a tubular adenoma with low-grade dysplasia. In May 2011, the patient consulted due to mild to moderate pain in both hypochondria of 6 months of duration accompanied by bloating and belching. A control colonoscopy was indicated, which was held in June 2011, and showed a 2 cm polyp in ascending colon, this was resected with polypectomy snare. In the vicinity there was a 3-mm polyp that was removed with biopsy forceps. Histological examination showed in the bigger lesion a moderately differentiated grade 2 invasive tubular adenocarcinoma, with superficial and focal invasion of the submucosa, developed in adenoma with free surgical margin (1.7 mm), no vascular, lymphatic invasion or tumor budding were found. The smaller lesion was reported as tubular adenoma with low grade dysplasia. Colorectal cancer epidemiology, indications for controls after colonoscopic polypectomy of adenomas, especially those at high risk, histopathological risk factors for adenocarcinomas developed in adenomas and the need to monitor these patients annually with occult blood test stool are discussed between the control colonoscopies indicated.

Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 84 años, con antecedentes de colonoscopia efectuada en mayo de 2008 donde se le detectó un pólipo de 5 mm del ángulo hepático del colon, el que fue extraído por biopsia y cuyo estudio histológico demostró un adenoma tubular con displasia de bajo grado. En mayo de 2011, consulta por dolor leve a moderado en ambos hipocondrios de 6 meses de evolución acompañados de meteorismo y eructos. Se indicó ileocolonoscopia, la que se realizó en junio de 2011 y demostró un pólipo del colon ascendente de 2 cm, que fue resecado con asa de polipectomía; y cercano a éste, un pólipo de 3 mm que se extirpó con pinza biopsia. El examen histológico informó adenoma tubular con displasia moderada en la lesión de menor tamaño y adenocarcinoma tubular invasor moderadamente diferenciado grado 2 de Broders, con invasión focal superficial de la submucosa, desarrollado en adenoma. Límites quirúrgicos libres de lesión, sin invasión vascular sanguínea, linfática ni budding tumoral con límite quirúrgico profundo a 1,7 mm de la lesión. Se comentan la epidemiología del cáncer rectocolónico, la indicación de los controles colonoscópicos luego de la polipectomía de los adenomas, en especial de aquellos de alto riesgo, los factores de riesgo anatomopatológicos de carcinomas desarrollados en adenomas, y la necesidad de controlar anualmente a estos pacientes con colonoscopias de vigilancia.

Índice de massa corpórea, obesidade abdominal e risco de neoplasia de cólon: estudo prospectivo / Body mass index (BMI), abdominal obesity and risk of colorectal carcinoma: a retrospective study

Objetivo: Investigar a associação do excesso de peso e da obesidade abdominal como fator de risco para câncer colorretal/adenoma CCR/Ad. Pacientes e Métodos: De janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2008, 1287 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 50 anos, sem fatores de risco para CCR, foram submetidos a colonoscopia total e avaliados quanto ao índice de massa corpórea IMC e razão cintura quadril RCQ. Teste t de Student foi usado para estudo da média e qui-quadrado para análise de números absolutos. P menor que 0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: Neoplasia foi encontrada em 542 (42,1 por cento), sendo 231 (50,7 por cento) homens e 311 (37,3 por cento) mulheres. IMC > 30 ocorreu em 43 (18,6 por cento) de CCR/Ad masculino e 84 (27 por cento) feminino P> 0,05. Em 188 (49,4 por cento) homens com IMC < que 30 ocorreu CCR/Ad, nas mulheres em 227 (36 por cento) P> 0,05. RCQ foi de 0,96±0,05 cm para homens com tumor e 0,94±0,07 sem tumor P< 0,01. Nas mulheres RCQ foi de 0,89±0,06 com tumor para 0,88±0,06 sem tumor P< 0,05. Conclusões: IMC não está associado a neoplasia de cólon, porem a obesidade abdominal seria fator de risco.

Purpose: To investigate the association of overweight and abdominal fat with CRC/Ad. Methods: From January 2007 to December 2008, 1287 patients over 50 years of age, without known risk factors for CRC/Ad (455 men and 832 women), were submitted to a complete colonoscopy and had the BMI and WHR calculated. Student t-test was used for statistical analysis of means and chi-square to compare absolute numbers. A significant P-value was defined as < 0,05. Results: Neoplastic lesions were found in 542 (42,1 percent) subjects, being 231 (50,7 percent) male and 311 (37,3 percent) female. BMI > 30 led to 43 (18,6 percent) CRC/Ad male and 84 (27 percent) female P> 0,05 Patients with BMI < 30 were found to have CRC/Ad 188 (49,4 percent) male and 227 (36 percent) female P> 0,05. WHR was 0,96±0,05 cm for male with tumor and 0,94±0,07 without tumor P< 0,01. For female WHR was 0,89±0,06 with tumor and 0,88±0,06 without tumor P< 0,05. Conclusions: These findings suggests that BMI was not associated with CRC/Ad but WHR could be a predictor for an increased risk of colon neoplasia.