Fortalecimiento empresarial en asociaciones apícolas: estudio de caso Asociación "Panaldemiel" del municipio de Fortul-Arauca / Business development in beekeeping associations: Case study Association "Panaldemiel" of the municipality of Fortul-Arauca

RESUMEN La apicultura, a nivel mundial, es de gran importancia, por el desempeño que realizan las abejas, como agentes polinizadores del 75 % de los cultivos, que garantizan la seguridad alimentaria de millones de personas. En Colombia, el sector apícola contribuye al fortalecimiento de la economía campesina y promueve la conservación de diferentes ecosistemas estratégicos. Respecto al municipio de Fortul, Arauca, cuenta con una importante zona de reserva forestal y una amplia variabilidad de ecosistemas, aptos para el desarrollo de la apicultura, actividad que, actualmente, se desarrolla por la asociación "Panaldemiel", la cual, requiere un acompañamiento y fortalecimiento de las capacidades organizacionales y gerenciales. Es así, que el objeto de la presente investigación es "fortalecer la gestión administrativa de la Asociación de Apicultores "Panaldemiel", del municipio de Fortul, Arauca", estudio soportado en el método de investigación Acción-participación, bajo la estrategia de estudio de caso, que permite analizar la problemática en un contexto real, facilitando la obtención de información necesaria, para la formulación de herramientas estratégicas, encaminadas a dinamizar el proceso productivo y competitivo de la asociación, en el ámbito local y regional. Se concluye, que la asociación cuenta con un alto porcentaje de aspectos positivos internos y externos que la respalda, de manera significativa; sin embargo, se requiere de un compromiso gubernamental para mitigar la coyuntura de orden público que se vive en esta región.

ABSTRACT Beekeeping worldwide is of great importance for the performance of bees as pollinating agents of 75 % of the crops that guarantee the food security of millions of people. In Colombia, the beekeeping sector contributes to the strengthening of the peasant economy and promotes the conservation of different strategic ecosystems. With respect to the municipality of Fortul-Arauca has an important forest reserve area and wide variability of ecosystems suitable for the development of beekeeping, an activity that is currently developed by the association "Panaldemiel", which requires an accompaniment and strengthening of organizational and managerial capacities, so the purpose of this research is "to strengthen the administrative management of the Association of Beekeepers "Panaldemiel" of the municipality of Fortul-Arauca" study supported by the Action-participation research method, under the case study strategy, which allows analyzing the problem in a real context, facilitating the obtaining of information necessary for the formulation of strategic tools aimed at boosting the productive and competitive process of the association at the local and regional level. It is concluded that the association has a high percentage of internal and external positive aspects that support it significantly, however, a government compromise is required to mitigate the situation of public order that is lived in this region.

O processo administrativo sanitário e o direito à saúde / El proceso administrativo sanitario y el derecho a la salud / The admnistrativve process sanitary and right to health

A Vigilância Sanitária (VISA), como integrante da Administração Pública, é a responsável pelo controle sanitário de produtos e serviços de interesse da saúde. Utiliza-se do poder de polícia para imprimir a observância da legislação, como forma de apoiar e legitimar a ação da autoridade pública competente no exercício regular de seus atos, estabelecendo ações satisfatórias para a correção das infrações sanitárias. O estudo de caráter exploratório descreveu o Processo Administrativo Sanitário (PAS) instaurado pela VISA-BA, utilizando-se da pesquisa documental como estratégia metodológica para análise das informações contidas nos PASs arquivados na VISA/Secretaria de Saúde da Bahia (SESAB). Os dados coletados dos processos foram sistematizados em matrizes de análise para permitir a contabilização dos processos e o seu respectivo enquadramento na legislação sanitária. Os resultados apontaram fragilidades do PAS, evidenciadas nas dificuldades traduzidas na correta instrução dos processos, bem como a não obediência ao fluxo administrativo já existente. Esses achados apontam a necessidade de fazer cumprir as normas procedimentais necessárias ao bom andamento dos processos admitidos na VISA-BA, que têm como regra a fiscalização como forma de impedir a disseminação do risco sanitário, constituindo, assim, ações para a defesa ea proteção da saúde individual e coletiva.

El CDC (VISA) como miembro de la administración pública es responsable del control sanitario de los productos y servicios de interés para la salud. Utiliza el poder de policía para imprimir la observancia de la legislación como una forma de apoyar y legitimar la acción de la autoridad pública competente en el ejercicio de sus actos regulares, estableciendo medidas satisfactorias para corregir violaciónes de la salud. El estudio exploratorio, se describen los procedimientos administrativos iniciados por la VISA-BA, el uso de la investigación documental como una metodología para el análisis de la información contenida en las actuaciones administrativas presentadas en sanitarios VISA/SESAB. Los datos recogidos fueron los procesos sistematizados en arreglos para permitir el análisis de los procesos de contabilidad y sus respectivos encuadres en la legislación de salud. Los resultados mostraron debilidades de Procedimiento Administrativo de la Salud, destacan las dificultades en la investigación de casos traducidos correctamente, así como el incumplimiento con el flujo administrativo existente. Estos resultados indican la necesidad de hacer cumplir las normas de procedimiento necesarias para la buena marcha de la corte admitió la VISA-BA, cuya aplicación de las reglas como una forma de prevenir la propagación del riesgo para la salud, por lo tanto, las acciones para la defensa y protección de la salud individual y colectiva.

The CDC (VISA) as a member of the public administration is responsible for the sanitary control of products and services of interest to health. It uses police power to print the observance of the legislation as a way to support and legitimize the action of the competent public authority in the exercise of their regular acts, establishing satisfactory actions to correct violations of health. The exploratory study, describes the administrative proceedings initiated by the VISA-BA, using documentary research as a methodology for the analysis of information contained in the administrative proceedings filed in sanitary VISA/SESAB. The collected data were systematized processes in arrays to allow analysis of the accounting processes and their respective framing in health legislation. The results showed weaknesses Administrative Procedure Health, highlighted the difficulties in correctly translated investigating cases as well as non-compliance to the existing administrative flow. These findings indicate the need to enforce the procedural rules necessary for the proper conduct of court admitted the VISA-BA, whose rule enforcement as a way to prevent the spread of health risk, thus actions for the defense and protection of health individual and collective.

Administrative Factors and Processes Affecting Performance of Epidemiological Surveillance among Health Personnel at Health Centers in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR / Lao Medical Journal

Rational and Background: Epidemiological surveillance by Khammouane Provincial Health Centers has been inadequate with incomplete and untimely data collection, and insufficient information dissemination. However, difficulties and gaps in the surveillance system have not been identified. Study of the administrative factors and processes affecting performance of epidemiological surveillance by health center workers would help to identify problems and therefore identify appropriate solutions. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving two groups: (1) 143 health workers from 74 health centers who were interviewed using a questionnaire and (2) 9 heads of epidemiology teams from 9 districts of Khammouane Provinces, Lao PDR who were interviewed in-depth. Results: Fifty-nine percent of the respondents were female with mean (SD) age of 35.6 (8.5) years. The mean (SD) years of working in epidemiology was 4.1 (4.2) years. The overall mean (SD) score of performance in epidemiological surveillance by the health center workers was 3.30/5 (0.94). The mean (SD) score of administrative factors affecting the performance in epidemiological surveillance was 2.68/5 (0.80). Previous training in epidemiology and educational level were positively correlated with epidemiology surveillance performance (r=0.25, P<0.05) and (r=0.27, P<0.05). Manpower, material, and budget were related with work performance (r=0.54, P<0.01), (r=0.34, P<0.01), and (r=0.22, P<0.01), respectively. In a multivariate analysis, planning (P<0.01), organization (P<0.01), and staff training (P<0.01) were independently correlated with the epidemiological surveillance performance. Conclusion: The level of the performance of epidemiological surveillance by Khammouan Health Center staff was moderately satisfactory. Regular monitoring of the work performance by the Provincial and District Health is required to identify problems and solutions. At least 1-2 workshops on epidemiological surveillance should be organized in order to enhance knowledge and understanding of disease surveillance by the health center staff aimed at improving their work performance.