Revisión narrativa del modelo de desarrollo positivo para adultos emergentes chilenos / A narrative review of the positive development model for Chilean emerging adults / Revisão narrativa do modelo de desenvolvimento positivo para adultos emergentes chilenos

Introducción: El desarrollo positivo es un estadio de ajuste psicosocial que acentúa las potencialidades y los recursos entre jóvenes y sus contextos próximos. En Australia, se desarrolló el primer modelo de desarrollo positivo para adultos emergentes, el cual consta de cinco componentes (competencia social, satisfacción con la vida, confianza y tolerancia con los otros, confianza hacia autoridades e instituciones, acción y compromiso cívico), pero no ha sido investigado en Chile. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura científica sobre los cinco componentes del modelo de desarrollo positivo en adultos emergentes universitarios de Chile. Materiales y métodos: Revisión narrativa de la literatura publicada entre 2013 y 2023, en bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc y Dialnet. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 83 artículos, de los cuales 53 cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión; en su mayor parte fueron estudios cuantitativos (81,13%) y en español (75,47%). Se evidenció una disparidad en la cantidad de estudios por temática; se encuentra mayor investigación en satisfacción con la vida y acción y compromiso cívico. Conclusiones: Existen brechas en la literatura científica chilena en el estudio del desarrollo positivo; además de que se discuten particularidades idiosincrásicas y desafíos asociados a la etapa de adultez emergente.

Introduction: Positive development is a stage of psychosocial adjustment that accentuates the potentials and resources of young people and their close contexts. The first positive development model for emerging adulthood was developed in Australia, which includes five components: social; life satisfaction; trust and tolerance of others; trust in the authorities and institutions; and action and civic engagement. However, this model has not been investigated in Chile. Objective: To analyze the evidence available in the scientific literature on the five components of the positive development model in emerging adults universities. Materials and methods: A narrative review of the literature published between 2013 and 2023 in the Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc, and Dialnet databases was conducted. Results: 83 articles were selected, of which 53 met the inclusion criteria; most of them were qualitative studies (81.13%) and in Spanish (75.47%). There is an evident disparity in terms of the number of studies and topics, e.g., there is more research on life satisfaction and civic action and commitment. Conclusions: There are gaps in the Chilean scientific literature in the study of positive development. In addition, idiosyncratic particularities and challenges associated with the stages of emerging adulthood are discussed.

Introdução: O desenvolvimento positivo é uma fase de ajustamento psicossocial que acentua o potencial e os recursos dos jovens e dos seus contextos imediatos. Na Austrália, foi desenvolvido o primeiro modelo de desenvolvimento positivo para adultos emergentes, que consiste em cinco componentes (social, satisfação com a vida, confiança e tolerância com os outros, confiança nas autoridades e instituições, ação e envolvimento cívico), mas ainda não foi investigado no Chile. Objetivo: Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura científica sobre os cinco componentes do modelo de desenvolvimento positivo em adultos universitários emergentes no Chile. Materiais e métodos: Revisão narrativa da literatura publicada entre 2013 e 2023, nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Redalyc e Dialnet. Resultados: foram obtidos 83 artigos, dos quais 53 atenderam aos requisitos de inclusão; A maioria deles eram estudos quantitativos (81,13%) e em espanhol (75,47%). Ficou evidente uma disparidade no número de estudos por tema; Há mais pesquisas sobre satisfação com a vida e ação e compromisso cívico. Conclusões: Existem lacunas na literatura científica chilena no estudo do desenvolvimento positivo; Além disso, são discutidas particularidades e desafios idiossincráticos associados à fase da idade adulta emergente.

Asociación entre los marcadores lipídicos en la infancia/ adolescencia y los eventos cardiovasculares en la adultez: una revisión sistemática / Association between lipid markers in childhood/ adolescence and cardiovascular events in adulthood: A systematic review

Introducción. La asociación entre los marcadores lipídicos en la infancia/adolescencia y la incidencia de eventos clínicos cardiovasculares en la adultez está poco explorada en la literatura. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la evidencia disponible sobre este tema. Población y métodos. Esta revisión sistemática se realizó de acuerdo con las guías PRISMA. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica para detectar los estudios que evaluaron la asociación entre los niveles lipídicos en la edad pediátrica y la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares en la edad adulta. No hubo restricciones idiomáticas ni geográficas en la búsqueda. Resultados. En total, cinco estudios observacionales (todas cohortes prospectivas) que incluyeron 43 540 pacientes fueron identificados y considerados elegibles para este estudio. Cuatro estudios evaluaron el nivel de triglicéridos; todos reportaron una asociación significativa entre este marcador en la edad pediátrica y los eventos cardiovasculares en la adultez. Un estudio reportó la misma asociación con el nivel de colesterol total, mientras que otro evidenció el valor predictivo de la lipoproteína (a) para el mismo desenlace clínico. Un solo estudio evaluó el colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de alta densidad (C-HDL), sin encontrar una relación con el punto final de interés. El análisis del colesterol asociado a lipoproteínas de baja densidad (C-LDL) arrojó resultados contradictorios, aunque la asociación fue significativa en los estudios con un tamaño muestral más grande y con un mayor número de eventos durante el seguimiento. Conclusión. Los datos de esta revisión sugieren que las alteraciones de los marcadores lipídicos en la infancia y la adolescencia se asocian con un mayor riesgo cardiovascular en la adultez temprana y media.

Introduction. The association between lipid markers in childhood/adolescence and the incidence of clinical cardiovascular events in adulthood has been little explored in the bibliography. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze available evidence on this topic. Population and methods. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive bibliographic search was done to find studies assessing the association between lipid levels in childhood and the incidence of cardiovascular events in adulthood. There were no language or geographic restrictions. Results. A total of 5 observational studies (all prospective cohorts) including 43 540 patients were identified and considered eligible for this study. Four studies assessed triglyceride levels; all reported a significant association between this lipid marker in childhood and cardiovascular events in adulthood. A study reported the same association with total cholesterol level, while another showed the predictive value of lipoprotein (a) for the same clinical outcome. Only one study assessed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), but it did not find an association with the endpoint of interest. The analysis of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) showed contradictory results, although the association was significant in the studies with a larger sample size and a higher number of events during follow-up. Conclusion. According to this review, alterations in lipid markers in childhood and adolescence are associated with a higher cardiovascular risk in early and middle adulthood.

Divertículo de Meckel complicado. Experiencia de 15 años en un hospital interzonal / Complicated Meckel's diverticulum. Fifteen years of experiencein an interzonal hospital in the Province of Buenos Aires

Introducción: el divertículo de Meckel es la anomalía congénita más frecuente del tracto gastrointestinal. Puede presentarse con hemorragia, obstrucción intestinal o diverticulitis, complicaciones que disminuyen con la edad, por lo que en el adulto el diagnóstico suele ser incidental. El tratamiento de las complicaciones es quirúrgico, mediante diverticulectomía o resección segmentaria del intestino delgado, dependiendo de sus características morfológicas. Objetivo: analizar nuestra experiencia en el manejo del divertículo de Meckel complicado en un período de 15 años. Diseño: estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal, retrospectivo. Material y métodos: se revisaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes operados por divertículo de Meckel complicado en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital San Roque durante el periodo 2007-2022. Se registraron datos demográficos, presentación clínica, diagnóstico preoperatorio, tratamiento quirúrgico, complicaciones postoperatorias y hallazgos histopatológicos. Resultados: se incluyeron 25 pacientes, 21 (84%) hombres, 3 menores de 18 años. La presentación clínica fue un síndrome de fosa iliaca derecha en el 80% de los casos, obstrucción intestinal en el 16% y hemorragia en el 4%. En solo 2 casos se realizó el diagnóstico preoperatorio, confirmado mediante tomografía computada. Se realizó diverticulectomía en el 68% de los pacientes y resección segmentaria el 32%. El abordaje fue laparotómico en el 64%, principalmente en el periodo inicial y laparoscópico en el 36%. Hubo una complicación IIIb de Clavien-Dindo en un paciente pediátrico tratado con drenaje percutáneo. En un solo paciente (4%), que se presentó con hemorragia digestiva masiva, se encontró epitelio de tipo gástrico y páncreas ectópico en el divertículo. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia el divertículo de Meckel complicado se presentó predominantemente en hombres. La complicación más frecuente en el adulto fue la diverticulitis. El diagnóstico preoperatorio fue infrecuente y realizado por tomografía computada. La diverticulectomía es suficiente en la mayoría de los casos. Actualmente, la laparoscopia es una herramienta segura, rentable y eficiente que permite el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos de esta entidad. (AU)

Introduction: Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract. It can present with bleeding, intesti-nal obstruction or diverticulitis, complications that decrease with age, so in adults the diagnosis is usually incidental. Treatment of complications is surgical, through diverticulectomy or segmental resection of the small intestine, depending on its morphological characteristics. Objective: to analyze our experience in the management of complicated Meckel's diverticulum over a period of 15 years. Design: descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study. Materials and methods: the medical records of patients operated on for complicated Meckel's diverticulum in the General Surgery Service of the San Roque Hospital during the period 2007-2022 were reviewed. Demo-graphic data, clinical presentation, preoperative diagnosis, surgical treatment, postoperative complications, and histopathological findings were recorded. Results: twenty-five patients were included, 21 (84%) men, 3 under 18 years of age. The clinical presentation was a right iliac fossa syndrome in 80% of cases, intestinal obstruction in 16% and hemorrhage in 4%. In only 2 cases was the preoperative diagnosis made, confirmed by computed tomography. Diverticulectomy was performed in 68% of patients and segmental resection in 32%. The approach was by laparotomy in 64%, mainly in the initial period, and by laparoscopy in 36%. There was a Clavien-Dindo IIIb complication in a pediatric patient treated with percutaneous drain-age. In only one patient (4%), who presented with massive gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric-type epithelium and ectopic pancreas were found in the diverticulum. Conclusions: In our experience, complicated Meckel's diverticulum occurred predominantly in men. The most frequent complication in adults was diverticulitis. Preoperative diagnosis was infrequent and was made by computed tomography. Diverticulectomy is sufficient in most cases. Currently, laparoscopy is a safe, profitable and efficient tool that allows for the timely diagnosis and treatment of this entity. (AU)

¿Cómo y Cuánto se Mueven los Adultos que sufrieron un Evento Coronario un Año después de haber entrado a un Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca? / How and How Much Do Adults Who Suffered a Coronary Event Move One Year After Entering a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program?

Introducción. Establecer un estilo de vida activo y saludable es uno de los objetivos más importantes y desafiantes de la rehabilitación cardíaca. Comprender el comportamiento de los patrones de actividad física (AF) en adultos que han sufrido un evento coronario y que han participado en un programa de Rehabilitación Cardíaca (RC) es necesario para evaluar su impacto y proponer estrategias oportunas en esta área. Objetivo. Evaluar el cumplimiento de la recomendación global de AF 1 año después de ingresar a un programa de RC para enfermedad arterial coronaria. Métodos. Se aplicó el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física a adultos con enfermedad coronaria tratada a los 6 y 12 meses de su ingreso a un programa de Rehabilitación Cardíaca en 6 hospitales de Chile, entre mayo de 2019 y febrero de 2020 en el contexto del estudio aleatorizado. Se realizó un ensayo clínico multicéntrico de no inferioridad (Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial, HYCARET). Resultados. 117 participantes (74 hombres, edad 59,34 ±9,52 años, 83,4±27,2% de adherencia a la RC) físicamente activos al final de un programa de RC fueron evaluados a los 6 y 12 meses desde el ingreso para determinar su adherencia a la AF. La tasa de seguimiento fue del 94,01% a los 6 meses (6m) y del 78,63% a los 12 meses (12m). El 90% de los participantes seguían físicamente activos a los 6 meses y el 92,39% seguían activos a los 12 meses después del evento coronario. Un 5,98% fueron clasificados como inactivos a los 6 m pero estaban físicamente activos al año. En contraste, sólo el 0,85% se volvió inactivo a los 6 meses y permaneció inactivo hasta 1 año, mientras que el 4,27% se reportó como activo a los 6 meses, pero terminó estando inactivo al año. La AF relacionada con las tareas del hogar es responsable del 40% y más del gasto calórico total de los adultos después de un evento coronario en todo momento. El gasto calórico relacionado con actividades recreativas y transporte disminuyó a los 6 y 12 meses, mientras que el gasto calórico asociado con el trabajo y las actividades domésticas aumentó a los 6 y 12 meses después de completar un programa de RC. Conclusión. Los adultos que completan un programa de RC continúan activos 6 y 12 meses después de un evento coronario. Sin embargo, las actividades que generan mayor gasto calórico varían con el tiempo. Este hallazgo resalta la importancia de fomentar la actividad física como parte del tiempo de ocio y recreación en los adultos, ya que se sabe que su beneficio es mayor.

Background. Establishing a healthy, active lifestyle is one of the most important and challenging goals of cardiac rehabilitation. Understanding the behavior of physical activity (PA) patterns in adults who have suffered a coronary event and who have participated in a Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) program is necessary to evaluate its impact and propose timely strategies in this area. Objetive. To evaluate compliance with the global PA recommendation 1 year after entering a CR program for coronary artery disease. Methods. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was applied to adults with coronary heart disease treated 6 and 12 months after admission to a Cardiac Rehabilitation program in 6 hospitals in Chile, between May 2019 and February 2020 in the context of the randomized study. A multicenter non-inferiority clinical trial (Hybrid Cardiac Rehabilitation Trial, HYCARET) was conducted. Results. 117 participants (74 men, age 59.34 ± 9.52 years, 83.4 ± 27.2% adherence to CR) physically active at the end of a CR program were evaluated at 6 and 12 months from entry. to determine their adherence to PA. The follow-up rate was 94.01% at 6 months (6m) and 78.63% at 12 months (12m). 90% of participants were still physically active at 6 months and 92.39% were still active at 12 months after the coronary event. 5.98% were classified as inactive at 6 m but were physically active at one year. In contrast, only 0.85% became inactive at 6 months and remained inactive for up to 1 year, while 4.27% reported themselves as active at 6 months but ended up being inactive at one year. Housework-related PA is responsible for 40% and more of adults' total caloric expenditure after a coronary event at all times. Caloric expenditure related to recreational activities and transportation decreased at 6 and 12 months, while caloric expenditure associated with work and home activities increased at 6 and 12 months after completing a CR program. Conclusion. Adults who complete a CR program remain active 6 and 12 months after a coronary event. However, the activities that generate the greatest caloric expenditure vary over time. This finding highlights the importance of promoting physical activity as part of leisure and recreation time in adults, since it is known that its benefit is greater.

Anemia-related subjective symptoms in the general adult population in Japan / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objectives: Approximately 17% of Japanese women have hemoglobin concentrations less than 12 g/dL. Therefore, anemia prevention and early intervention are crucial public health issues in Japan. This study aimed to identify the symptoms and characteristics of anemic individuals in the general adult population by comparing survey responses of individuals with anemia and without anemia visiting blood donation centers.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used self-administered questionnaires. Individuals who visited two Japanese Red Cross Society blood donation centers in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan were included. Hemoglobin levels were measured at blood donation, and the levels of 13 g/dL for men and 12 g/dL for women were defined as anemia.Results: Of the 857 individuals analyzed, 530 were men and 327 were women, of whom 19 (3.6%) and 12 (3.7%) had low hemoglobin levels, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed in men, and the results showed that “lightheadedness” (odds ratio [OR]=8.4) and “depressive symptoms” (OR=3.6) were significantly associated with hemoglobin levels. None of the evaluated items were significantly associated with hemoglobin levels in women.Conclusion: Among healthy Japanese men, those who exhibit lightheadedness and depressive symptoms have an increased risk of anemia. Lightheadedness and depressive symptoms may be indicative of undiagnosed anemia in men, which necessitates greater clinical attention.

Clinical features of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration aged above 35 years / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration （HLD） aged above 35 years. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of the patients with HLD， aged above 35 years， who attended West China School of Public Health， Sichuan University， from April 2018 to April 2023， and according to their clinical symptoms， they were divided into mixed type group with 13 patients， liver type group with 12 patients， and brain type group with 5 patients. Related data were collected， including general information （sex， clinical manifestation， age at confirmed diagnosis， time from initial symptoms to confirmed diagnosis， and family history）， laboratory examination （routine blood test， liver and renal function， serum copper， serum ceruloplasmin， urinary copper， and coagulation function）， and radiological examination. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups； the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsFor the 30 patients with HLD， the male/female ratio was 3∶1， and the mean age was 46.13±5.88 years； the patients with positive Kayser-Fleischer ring of the cornea accounted for 43.33%， and the patients with liver cirrhosis accounted for 66.67%. There were significant differences between the three groups in globulin， albumin/globulin ratio， alanine aminotransferase， prothrombin time， international normalized ratio， and activated partial thromboplastin time （F=5.893， 4.513， 4.424， 5.029， 5.248， and 4.942， all P<0.05）. ConclusionMost patients are male among the patients diagnosed with HLD after 35 years of age， with the main clinical types of mixed type and liver type， and such patients tend to have poor liver and coagulation functions. For unexplained liver function abnormalities and liver cirrhosis in this age group， the indicators such as serum ceruloplasmin and urinary copper should be screened as early as possible， and liver and kidney function and coagulation function should be monitored.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for maxillary molar distalization in adult patients / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances without brackets for the distal movement of maxillary molars to improve the ability of orthodontists to predict treatment outcomes.@*Methods@#Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Wanfang Database, CNKI Database, and VIP Database were searched for studies investigating the efficacy of invisible orthodontic appliances for distal movement of maxillary molars in adult patients and published from database inception to August 1, 2023. A total of three researchers screened the studies and evaluated their quality and conducted a meta-analysis of those that met quality standards.@*Results@#This study included 13 pre- and postcontrol trials with a total sample size of 281 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no significant differences in the sagittal or vertical parameters of the jawbone after treatment when compared with those before treatment (P>0.05). The displacement of the first molar was MD=-2.34, 95% CI (-2.83, -1.85); the displacement was MD=-0.95, 95% CI (-1.34, -0.56); and the inclination was MD=-2.51, 95% CI (-3.56, -1.46). There was a statistically significant difference in the change in sagittal, vertical, and axial tilt of the first molar before and after treatment. After treatment, the average adduction distance of the incisors was MD=-0.82, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.09), and the decrease in lip inclination was MD=-1.61, 95% CI (-2.86, -0.36); these values were significantly different from those before treatment (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Invisible orthodontic appliances can effectively move the upper molars in a distal direction and control the vertical position of the molars. When the molars move further away, there is some degree of compression and distal tilt movement, which is beneficial for patients with high angles. The sagittal movement of incisors is beneficial for improving the patient's profile.

Relationship between self-reported occupational noise exposure and expression levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines in adult asthmatic patients / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objectives To investigate the relationship between self-reported occupational noise exposure and levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines in asthmatic patients. Methods A total of 910 adult asthmatic patients were selected as the study subjects, and their occupational noise exposure history and other related information were collected. The peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients, and the expression levels of plasma soluble CD14 (sCD14), complement factor D (CFD), Eotaxin-11 (CCL11), and IL-9 were determined. The relationship between self-reported occupational noise exposure and the expression levels of the four inflammatory cytokines in patients’ plasma were analyzed using multiple linear regression models. The interactions between confounding factors and self-reported occupational noise exposure were further analyzed by interaction analysis. Results The plasma CCL11, sCD14 and CFD expressions in asthmatic patients with self-reported occupational noise exposure were significantly higher than those in patients without the exposure (P<0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with patients reporting no occupational noise exposure, the plasma CFD expression was increased by 0.17 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.31) natural logarithm units in patients with self-reported occupational noise exposure. During remission, the levels of plasma CCL11 and sCD14 in asthmatic patients with self-reported occupational noise exposure were increased by 0.27 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.49) and 0.22 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.41) natural logarithm units, respectively, when compared with patients without the exposure. Interaction analysis showed that self-reported occupational noise exposure had significant multiplicative interaction with smoking or pet ownership on plasma CCL11 or CFD expressions in asthmatic patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion Self-reported occupational noise exposure is significantly associated with increased expression levels of plasma CFD, CCL11, and sCD14 in adult asthmatic patients.

Burden of coronary heart disease for adult patients and its correlation with sociodemographic index / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the burden of disease attributable to coronary heart disease in adult patients in 2020, to compare the disease burden of patients with coronary heart disease among different sociodemographic indexes (SDI) , and to explore the correlation between the two to provide theoretical guidance for coronary heart disease prevention. Methods The data of 881 adult patients with coronary heart disease in our Hospital in 2020 were collected, and the data, such as illness, morbidity, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of adult patients with coronary heart disease were analyzed. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the association between disease burden and sociodemographic index in adult patients with coronary heart disease. Results The prevalence and incidence of adult patients with coronary heart disease were higher in women than in men, while the mortality rate and DALY rate were mainly higher in men than in women. The prevalence, morbidity and mortality rates increased in different age groups, and increased rapidly in the age group of 45 years and beyond. The prevalence of DALY in adult patients with coronary heart disease in different age groups also showed an upward trend, and increased rapidly in the age group of 35 years and beyond. The SDI value of adult patients with coronary heart disease was (0.52±0.16), of which the low SDI value was (0.13±0.05), the medium and low SDI value was (0.34±0.17), the medium SDI value was (0.50±0.14), the medium and high SDI value was (0.82±0.25), and the high SDI value was (0.93±0.13). The chi-square results showed that there were differences in mortality (χ2=12.358, P=0.020) and DALY rate (χ2 =14.557, P=0.011) of adult patients with coronary heart disease between different grades of SDI groups, and the differences were statistically significant. Pearson-related results showed that SDI and DALY rate were negatively correlated in adult patients with coronary heart disease (r=-0.374, P=0.022), and there were gender differences. SDI was negatively correlated with DALY rate in male patients with coronary heart disease (r=-0.489, P=0.017), and SDI was negatively correlated with mortality (r=-0.290, P=0.040) and DALY rate in female patients with coronary heart disease (r=-0.392, P=0.006）. Conclusion Burden of disease attributed to coronary heart disease in adult patients varies by sex and it has a negative correlation with SDI, and the improvement of national welfare and education level, that is, the increase of SDI may have a certain effect on reducing the burden of coronary heart disease.

Resistance to deltamethrin and its association with mutation sites in the sodium iron channel domain III gene in Rhipicephalus microplus in Huaihua City of Hunan Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the level of deltamethrin resistance and mutation sites in the sodium iron channel gene in Rhipicephalus microplus in Huaihua City, Hunan Province, and to examine the correlation between deltamethrin resistance and mutation sites in the sodium iron channel gene in Rh. microplus. Methods Rh. microplus was sampled from multiple yellow cattle farms in Huaihua City, Hunan Province from June to September 2022, and the level of resistance to deltamethrin was determined in ticks using the adult immersion test. The sodium iron channel domain III gene was amplified in deltamethrin-resistant and wild-type Rh. microplus using PCR assay. Following sequencing and sequence alignment, mutation sites were detected in bases. The sodium iron channel domain III gene in Rh. microplus was translated, and the signal peptide, transmembrane domain, and phosphorylation and glycosylation sites were detected in amino acid sequences. The tertiary structures of the sodium iron channel domain III protein of deltamethrin-resistant and wild-type Rh. microplus were deduced and compared, and the association be tween mutation sites in bases and resistance to deltamethrin was examined in Rh. microplus according the level of deltamethrin resistance, sequence alignment and protein tertiary structure. Results The median (LC50) and 95% lethal concentrations (LC95) of deltamethrin were 121.39 mg/L and 952.61 mg/L against Rh. microplus, with a resistance factor of 9.24 and level II resistance. The sequence of the sodium ion channel domain III gene was 1 010 bp in size, and mutation sites were detected in two neighboring bases in the sequence of the sodium ion channel domain III gene in deltamethrin-resistant Rh. microplus. Although no signal peptides were found in the sodium iron channel domain III protein of deltamethrin-resistant or wild-type Rh. microplus, 6 trans-membrane domains, 42 phosphorylation sites and 8 glycosylation sites were identified, with a significant difference in the tertiary structure of the sodium iron channel domain III protein between deltamethrin-resistant and wild-type Rh. microplus. Conclusions Level II resistance to deltamethrin is detected in Rh. microplus in Huaihua City, Hunan Province, and two mutation sites that correlate with the emergence of deltamethrin resistance are identified in the sequence of the sodium iron channel domain III gene in deltamethrin-resistant Rh. microplus.

Efficiency and safety of belimumab in the treatment of lupus nephritis in Chinese adults：a meta-analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the real-world effectiveness and safety of belimumab in the treatment of lupus nephritis （LN） in Chinese adult patients. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， Cochrane Library， Wanfang data， CNKI， VIP and CBM， real-world studies on belimumab in the treatment of LN in Chinese adult patients were collected from the inception to July 7th， 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature， extracted data， and assessed the quality of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 10 real- world studies were included， involving 253 Chinese adult patients with LN. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the complete renal response rate， partial renal response rate， and the incidence of adverse reaction rate in Chinese adult patients with LN treated with belimumab were 61% （95%CI was 46%-76%， P＜0.000 01）， 23%（95%CI was 2%-44%， P＝0.03）， and 30% （95%CI was 16%-43%， P＜0.000 01）， respectively. Belimumab could reduce the 24-hour urinary protein （MD＝－1.71， 95%CI was －3.02-－0.40， P＝0.01）， urine protein-creatinine ratio （MD＝－1.76，95%CI was －2.06-－1.46，P＜0.000 01）， the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index （MD＝－8.63， 95%CI was －12.12-－5.13， P＜0.000 01）， and glucocorticoids dosage （MD＝－18.65， 95%CI was －31.82-－5.48， P＝0.006）. In addition， it could elevate the levels of complement C3 （MD＝0.19， 95%CI was 0.08-0.30， P＝0.000 6） and complement C4 （MD＝0.06， 95%CI was 0.02-0.09， P＝0.001）. However， belimumab could not improve the levels of serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Belimumab has good efficacy and safety in Chinese adult patients with LN.

Effects of inhibiting CAMKⅡ expression in ARPE-19 cells on the migration, invasion, and tube formation of HUVECs in a non-contact co-culture system / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the effect of inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(CAMKⅡ)expression in adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19(ARPE-19)cells on the migration, invasion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)in a non-contact co-culture system.METHODS: RNA sequencing was performed on ARPE-19 cells overexpressing CAMKⅡ-δ, and bioinformatics was used to analyze the biological functions of the differentially expressed genes. Transwell inserts was used to construct a non-contact co-culture system of ARPE-19 and HUVECs. The experimental groups included: blank group: only HUVECs were inoculated without ARPE-19 cells; control group: ARPE-19 and HUVECs cells were co-cultured with complete medium; AIP group(CAMKⅡ inhibition group): ARPE-19 cells in AIP(160 nmol/L)were co-cultured with HUVECs in complete medium. The migration, invasion and tube formation abilities of HUVECs were detected. The protein expression levels of CAMKⅡ/AMPK/mTOR/VEGFA were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS:Bioinformatics analysis found that the differentially expressed genes could affect biological processes such as cell growth and death and cell movement. The scratch test and transwell migration test showed that the relative mobility of HUVECs in the AIP group was significantly lower than that in the control group(all P&#x003C;0.05). However, the invasion and tube formation assay showed that the relative invasion rate and tube formation rate of the AIP group were not significantly different from those of the control group(both P&#x003E;0.05). Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of CAMKⅡ, P-mTOR, and VEGFA proteins in the AIP group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the expression level of the P-AMPK protein was significantly higher than that in the control group(all P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:In the non-contact co-culture system, inhibition of CAMKⅡ expression in ARPE-19 cells significantly reduced the migration ability of HUVECs, but it cannot change the invasion and tube formation ability, which may be achieved by AMPK/mTOR/VEGFA.

Mesenteric cystic lymphangioma in adults: a rare entity presenting as acute abdomen - a report of two cases

ABSTRACT Lymphangiomas are rare benign tumors that mainly involve the head and neck region in pediatric patients. Lymphangiomas of the small bowel mesentery in adults are rarer. We present two cases of mesenteric lymphangioma with acute abdominal pain on presentation. Case 1: A 38-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and difficult evacuation. On abdominal examination, she had an ill-defined, tender lump, and radiological findings raised a possibility of perforation peritonitis. Thus, exploratory laparotomy was planned. Per-operatively, a mesenteric mass was found, which, on histopathological evaluation, was found to be a mesenteric lymphangioma involving the bowel. Case 2: A 27-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and difficult evacuation. Radiological evaluation revealed a multilobulated lesion involving the mesentery and with differential diagnoses of mesenteric fibromatoses and inflammatory pseudotumor. Histopathological assessment of the resected mass revealed a lymphangioma that was limited to the mesentery. Owing to their rarity and non-specific presentation, mesenteric lymphangiomas are often misdiagnosed on clinical examination and imaging. Thus, histopathological examination is the gold standard to reach a definitive diagnosis.

Depressive symptoms and self-rated health among Brazilian older adults: baseline data from the ELSI-Brazil study

Objective: To investigate whether having a higher number of depressive symptoms is associated with negative self-rated health (SRH) even in the absence of illness. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015-2016, using a national sample of 9,412 people aged 50 or over. SRH was dichotomized into poor or very poor and very good or excellent, good, or average. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D8). Sociodemographic variables, information about unhealthy behaviors, and the number of chronic conditions were also analyzed. Results: Having depressive symptoms was strongly associated with poor or very poor SRH both in the unadjusted and adjusted analyses. The magnitude of the association was reduced when the number of chronic illnesses was included in the multivariate analysis, along with the other sociodemographic variables and unhealthy behaviors (OR 1.35, 95%CI 1.31-1.39). Conclusion: Having depressive symptoms may contribute towards having a poorer perception of health, even in the absence of health conditions. SRH is a multidimensional construct that can accurately reflect a person's state of general mental health.

Subpoblaciones de linfocitos T en adultos mayores cubanos con leucemia linfoide crónica / Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in Cuban older adults with chronic lymphoid leukemia

Introducción: la inmunosenescencia está asociada con un mayor riesgo de desarrollo de cáncer. Dentro de las hemopatías malignas que afectan a este grupo de edad, está la leucemia linfoide crónica (LLC), caracterizada por trastornos en la inmunidad adaptativa que incluye las subpoblaciones de linfocitos T. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de las subpoblaciones de linfocitos T en los pacientes adultos mayores con leucemia linfoide crónica evaluados en el Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología de Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 30 adultos mayores con leucemia linfoide crónica. Se cuantificaron los linfocitos TCD3+CD4+ y TCD3+CD8+ en sangre periférica por citometría de flujo. Para la lectura y el análisis de los datos se empleó un citómetro de flujo Beckman Coulter Gallios. Se utilizaron los valores porcentuales, la media y la desviación estándar. Se consideró estadísticamente significativo si p≤0.05. Resultados: Hubo un predominio de hombres que representaron el 56,7 por ciento y del grupo de 70-79 años de edad. No se reportó ningún adulto mayor con LLC con valores altos ni normales de linfocitos TCD3+CD4+. Predominaron los hombres con valores bajos porcentuales de linfocitos TCD3+CD4+, TCD3+CD8+ e inversión del índice CD4/CD8 en relación con las mujeres. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores con LLC presentan alteraciones en el número de las subpoblaciones de linfocitos T. La acción de estas células en relación al crecimiento de células B malignas aún es desconocido y resulta importante determinar si esto puede reflejar un intento de evasión de las células tumorales al control inmunológico(AU)

Introduction: Immunosenescence is associated with an increased risk of cancer development. Among the malignant hemopathies that affect this age group, it is chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL), characterized by disorders in adaptive immunity, which include subpopulations of T lymphocytes. Objective: To determine frequency of T lymphocyte subpopulations in older adult patients with chronic lymphoid leukemia evaluated at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology of Cuba. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30 older adults with chronic lymphoid leukemia. TCD3+CD4+ and TCD3+CD8+ lymphocytes were quantified in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. A Beckman Coulter Gallios flow cytometer was used to read and analyze the data. The percentage values, the mean and the standard deviation were used. It was considered statistically significant if p≤0.05. Results: There was a predominance of men who represented 56.7 percent and the age group of 70-79 years. No older adults with CLL with high or normal values of TCD3+CD4+ lymphocytes were reported. Men predominated with low percentage values of TCD3+CD4+, TCD3+CD8+ lymphocytes and inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio in relation to women. Conclusions: Older adult with CLL present alterations in the number of T lymphocyte subpopulations. The role of these cells in relation to the growth of malignant B cells it is unknown and it turns out important to determine if this may reflect an attempt to evade tumor cells from immune control(AU)

Autoestima e estética na percepção de pessoas idosas de Centros de Referência de Assistência Social / Self-esteem and aesthetics in the perception of older adults from Social Assistance Reference Centers

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a percepção de pessoas idosas em relação a sua imagem corporal e autoestima. Método Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva realizada com 28 pessoas idosas nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social de Araucária, Paraná, Brasil. Foi aplicada entrevista com roteiro estruturado composto por 10 questões que abordavam os sentimentos em relação à estética no envelhecimento e às repercussões na autoestima. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o software IRAMUTEQ®. Resultados A análise da percepção em relação à estética e autoestima no envelhecimento resultou em 5 classes: classe 1 (19,8%) "Relação autoestima x autoimagem", classe 2 (20,7%) "Sentimentos e sensações experimentadas", classe 3 (20,7%) "Aspectos além da aparência que influenciam a autoestima", classe 4 (18,1%) "Motivos para realizar cuidados estéticos" e classe 5 (20,7%) "Tipos de intervenções e cuidados estéticos". Elevada autoestima foi encontrada em uma população vulnerável economicamente. Muitas pessoas idosas relataram que com o envelhecimento houve mudanças na forma como são tratadas, entretanto, isso não foi percebido somente de forma negativa. Conclusão Embora a sociedade promova um padrão de beleza, as pessoas idosas conseguem viver de forma satisfatória, com elevada autoestima, sem serem influenciadas negativamente.

Abstract Objective To analyze the perception of older adults regarding their body image and self-esteem. Method A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study conducted with 28 older adults in the Social Assistance Reference Centers of Araucária, Paraná, Brazil. A structured interview with a questionnaire comprising 10 questions addressing feelings about aesthetics in aging and its repercussions on self-esteem was administered. Data analysis was performed using the IRAMUTEQ® software. Results The analysis of perception regarding aesthetics and self-esteem in aging resulted in 5 classes: Class 1 (19.8%) "Self-esteem vs. self-image", Class 2 (20.7%) "Feelings and sensations experienced", Class 3 (20.7%) "Aspects beyond appearance influencing self-esteem", Class 4 (18.1%) "Reasons for engaging in aesthetic care", and Class 5 (20.7%) "Types of interventions and aesthetic care". Elevated self-esteem was found in an economically vulnerable population. Many older adults reported changes in how they are treated with aging; however, this was not solely perceived negatively. Conclusion Despite societal promotion of a beauty standard, older adults can live satisfactorily with high self-esteem without being negatively influenced.

Publicações científicas sobre direção veicular por pessoas idosas: revisão de escopo / Scientific publications on driving by older adults: scope review

Resumo Objetivo Mapear evidências científicas nacionais e internacionais sobre a condução veicular por pessoas idosas. Método Revisão de escopo baseada no manual proposto pelo Joanna Briggs Institute. Para as buscas foram acessadas as bases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO e a literatura cinzenta, por meio do Google Scholar. Resultados Dos 1.194 estudos encontrados, selecionaram-se 189 artigos submetidos aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os países precursores nas publicações foram Austrália e Estados Unidos, e o ápice das pesquisas ocorreu entre 2013 e 2014. Os participantes dos estudos eram pessoas idosas saudáveis, 63,49% (120); seguidos de 17,46% (33) com doença de Alzheimer; 11,11% (21) com Transtorno Neurocognitivo Leve; 6,88% (13) com doença de Parkinson; e 19,58% (37) com outras comorbidades. Diferentes tipos de intervenções foram identificadas nos estudos, destas, 94,02% (178) avaliaram a eficácia de instrumentos que mensuram a aptidão do motorista idoso. Conclusão Houve predominância de estudos na busca de instrumentos de avaliação que mensurassem a funcionalidade do condutor idoso. Esse fato ratifica a importância de avaliação padronizada, validada e economicamente viável que colabore na identificação do motorista em risco. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de intervenções para a prática da geriatria e gerontologia, por meio de ações para formação de equipe multidisciplinar especializada em condução veicular, de modo a adequar as diretrizes de licenciamento a fim de atender às especificidades dos condutores idosos, considerando os aspectos sociais, econômicos, políticos e educacionais, especialmente nos departamentos de trânsito brasileiro.

Abstract Objective To map national and international scientific evidence regarding driving by older adults. Method Scope review based on the manual proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO databases, and grey literature through Google Scholar. Results Out of 1,194 studies identified, 189 papers meeting eligibility criteria were selected. Pioneering countries in publications were Australia and the United States, with the peak of research occurring between 2013 and 2014. Study participants included healthy older adults (63.49%, 120), followed by those with Alzheimer's disease (17.46%, 33), Mild Neurocognitive Disorder (11.11%, 21), Parkinson's disease (6.88%, 13), and other comorbidities (19.58%, 37). Various interventions were identified, with 94.02% (178) assessing the effectiveness of instruments measuring the fitness of older drivers. Conclusion There was a prevalence of studies aimed at identifying assessment tools to measure the functionality of older drivers. This underscores the importance of standardized, validated, and economically viable assessments that contribute to identifying at-risk drivers. The need for interventions in geriatrics and gerontology was evident, emphasizing the necessity for actions to establish a specialized multidisciplinary team in vehicular driving. This approach seeks to align licensing guidelines with the specific needs of older drivers, taking into account social, economic, political, and educational aspects, particularly within the Brazilian traffic departments.

Uso dos serviços de saúde por pessoas idosas em áreas rurais e urbanas do Brasil / Health services utilization by older adults in rural and urban areas of Brazil

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o uso dos serviços de saúde por pessoas idosas residentes em áreas urbanas e rurais do Brasil. Método Estudo transversal que analisou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019, referentes aos moradores idosos (≥60 anos) selecionados nos domicílios, totalizando 22.728 entrevistas (3.300 em área rural e 19.426 em área urbana). Foram estimadas para as áreas rurais e urbanas as prevalências de cadastro na Estratégia Saúde da Família, intervalo de tempo da última consulta médica e odontológica, procura do serviço nas últimas duas semanas, última aferição da pressão arterial e da glicemia e avaliados os fatores associados à utilização dos serviços de saúde médicos e odontológicos nos últimos 12 meses. Resultados A autopercepção da saúde como 'muito boa' ou 'boa' foi maior na área urbana (47,32%), assim como a proporção de pessoas idosas que relataram consulta médica e odontológica nos últimos 12 meses (90,54%). Evidenciou-se menor frequência do acompanhamento da aferição de pressão arterial (81,30%) e da glicemia (45,83%) em áreas rurais. As pessoas idosas que possuem baixa escolaridade, residem em áreas rurais, na região Norte são as que possuem menor chance de utilização dos serviços. Conclusão A população idosa residente em área rural apresenta piores condições de saúde em relação à população residente em área urbana.

Abstract Objective To assess health services utilization by older adults in urban and rural areas of Brazil. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted analyzing data from the 2019 National Health Survey on older adults (≥60 years) selected from households based on 22,728 interviews (3,300 in rural and 19,426 in urban areas). For rural and urban areas, the prevalence of Family Health Strategy enrolment, time since last medical and dental visit, service use in past 2 weeks, and last blood pressure and blood glucose measurements were estimated. Also, the factors associated with medical and dental health services utilization in the past 12 months were explored. Results Self-rated health of "Very good" or "Good" was greater in urban areas (47.32%), as was the proportion of older adults reporting a medical or dental visit within the last 12 months (90.54%). Rates of blood pressure (81.30%) and glucose (45.83%) monitoring were lower in rural areas. Older individuals that had low education, resided in rural areas, and the North region, had a lower likelihood of using health services Conclusion The older population living in rural areas had poorer health status compared with the urban population.

Lesão renal aguda e COVID-19 em adultos jovens na terapia intensiva / Lesión renal aguda y COVID-19 en adultos jóvenes en cuidados intensivos / Acute kidney injury and COVID-19 in young adults in intensive care

Resumo Objetivo Descrever a prevalência de lesão renal aguda em adultos jovens com diagnóstico da COVID-19 admitidos em unidade terapia intensiva. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, quantitativo e analítico. A amostra foi de adultos jovens (20 a 40 anos) admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva, com diagnóstico de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 entre março e dezembro de 2020. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do prontuário eletrônico, e a lesão renal aguda foi definida pelo valor da creatinina, segundo critérios das diretrizes da Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. A significância estatística foi de p≤0,05. Resultados Foram internados 58 adultos jovens, sendo 63,8% do sexo masculino. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica esteve presente em 39,6%, a obesidade em 18,9% e o diabetes mellitus em 8,6%. A lesão renal aguda foi identificada em 55,1%, sendo o estágio 3 predominante em 43,1% deles. Nesses pacientes, o uso de ventilação mecânica e de drogas vasoativas foi significativo em 92%, assim como a disfunção orgânica respiratória (80%), seguida da renal (76%). Fatores de risco, como transplante renal ou doença renal crônica e obesidade, aumentaram em 12,3 e 9,0 vezes, respectivamente, a chance de desenvolver lesão renal aguda. Conclusão Este estudo demonstrou alta prevalência de lesão renal em adultos jovens e sua associação com comorbidades prévias. Obesidade, transplante renal e doença renal crônica elevaram a chance de o adulto jovem desenvolver lesão renal aguda, resultando em desfechos a favor da morbimortalidade.

Resumen Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de lesión renal aguda en adultos jóvenes con diagnóstico de COVID-19 admitidos en unidad de cuidados intensivos. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo, cuantitativo y analítico. La muestra fue de adultos jóvenes (20 a 40 años) admitidos en unidades de cuidados intensivos, con diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2 entre marzo y diciembre de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio de historias clínicas electrónicas, y la lesión renal aguda fue definida por el valor de la creatinina, de acuerdo con criterios de las directrices de la Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. La significación estadística fue de p≤0,05. Resultados Hubo 58 adultos jóvenes internados, el 63,8 % de sexo masculino. La hipertensión arterial sistémica estuvo presente en el 39,6 %, la obesidad en el 18,9 % y la diabetes mellitus en el 8,6 %. Se identificó lesión renal aguda en el 55,1 %, de nivel 3 como predominante en el 43,1 % de los casos. En esos pacientes, el uso de ventilación mecánica y de drogas vasoactivas fue significativo en el 92 %, así como también la disfunción orgánica respiratoria (80 %), seguida de la renal (76 %). Los factores de riesgo, como trasplante renal o enfermedad renal crónica y obesidad, aumentaron 12,3 y 9,0 veces respectivamente la probabilidad de presentar lesión renal aguda. Conclusión Este estudio demostró alta prevalencia de lesión renal en adultos jóvenes y su asociación con comorbilidades previas. La obesidad, el trasplante renal y la enfermedad renal crónica aumentaron la probabilidad de que los adultos jóvenes presenten lesión renal aguda, lo que da como resultado desenlaces a favor de la morbimortalidad.

Abstract Objective To describe acute kidney injury prevalence in young adults diagnosed with COVID-19 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. Methods This is a retrospective, quantitative and analytical study. The sample consisted of young adults (20 to 40 years old) admitted to Intensive Care Units, diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection between March and December 2020. Data were obtained through electronic medical records, and kidney injury acute was defined by the creatinine value, according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines criteria. Statistical significance was p≤0.05. Results A total of 58 young adults were hospitalized, 63.8% of whom were male. Hypertension was present in 39.6%, obesity in 18.9%, and diabetes mellitus in 8.6%. Acute kidney injury was identified in 55.1%, with stage 3 predominating in 43.1% of them. In these patients, the use of mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs was significant in 92% as well as respiratory organ dysfunction (80%), followed by renal organ dysfunction (76%). Risk factors such as kidney transplantation or chronic kidney disease and obesity increased by 12.3 and 9.0 times, respectively, the chances of developing acute kidney injury. Conclusion This study demonstrated a high kidney injury prevalence in young adults and its association with previous comorbidities. Obesity, kidney transplantation and chronic kidney disease increased the chance of young adults to develop acute kidney injury, resulting in outcomes in favor of morbidity and mortality.