Establishment of different lung impact injury models in adult rats / 解放军医学杂志

Objective: To establish an adult rat model of lung blast injury in laboratory for providing a reliable rat model for the diagnosis and treatment of lung blast injury. Methods: According to the different injury driving pressure of BST-I biological shock tube, 40 adult SD male rats aged 7 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 each): 4.5 MPa group, 4.8 MPa group, 5.0 MPa group and 5.5 MPa group. The general physiological and 24-hour survival status of rats in each group were recorded before and after modeling. The survived rats 24 h after modeling were anesthetized and then killed, and the chest anatomy was performed. The characteristics of lung injury were observed, the degree of lung tissue injury was graded using organ injury scaling (OIS) and abbreviated injury scale (AIS). Furthermore, the left lower part of lung tissue was taken for routine pathological section, and the degree of lung tissue injury was observed under light microscope. Results: All rats were successfully modeled and survived 24 h after injury, and showed shortness of breath and accelerated heart rate without hematuria and blood stool. There were significant differences among the four groups in bleeding rate of external auditory canal, anal temperature and pulmonary bleeding area (P5.0 MPa>4.8 MPa>4.5MPa. Under light microscope, rats in the four groups showed varying degrees of pulmonary hemorrhage, edema and atelectasis, and the lung tissue was ruptured. Conclusion: The stable adult SD rat models of mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe lung blast injury have been established.

Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on the proliferation of neural stem cells derived from central canal of adult rat spinal cord / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of erythropoietin(EPO)on the proliferation of neural stem cells(NSCs)derived from central canal of adult rat spinal cord in vitro ,so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of spinal cord injury by autotransplanting or allograft transplanting of adult spinal cord NSCs. Method NSCs were isolated from the central canal of the adult rats spinal cord by microsurgical method,and Nestin(nestin)and Sox2 immunofluorescence stain were used to identify the cells. After cells were treated with different dose of EPO,5,10,20 and 40 U/mL,respectively,the optical treatment concentration and time were determined by CCK8 assay. The effect of EPO on the cell count and the expression of Cyclin D1 in NSCs were detected at the treatment time 96 h. Result The NSCs derived from the central canal of adult SD rats spinal cord could stably express protein Nestin and transcription factor Sox2. As the results of CCK8 test,cell counts and real-time quantitative PCR showed the optimal treatment of concentration and time maybe 20 U/mL and 96 h. Conclusions This study shows that EPO can promote the proliferation of NSCs derived from central canal of adult rat spinal cord,and the optimal treatment of concentration and time for proliferation might be 20 U/mL and 96 h.

Comparison of the changes in TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway in infant and adult mice infected with influenza virus / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To compare the changes in TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway in infant and adult mice infected with influenza virus, and to provide experimental evidence for the study of immunopathological mechanism in pediatric respiratory virus susceptibility. Methods Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were applied to detect the expressions of lung TLR4 and NF-κB P65 mRNA and proteins in the infant and adult mice, and to compare the changes in TLR4-NF-κB P65 signaling pathway after infection with influenza virus.Results (1) The infant model group showed the strongest expression of TLR4 protein in the lung tissue, compared with that in the normal group and adult model group showing significant differences (P<0.05).(2) The expression of NF-κB P65 protein in the lung tissue was strongest in the infant model group, and it was gradually increased over time, showing a significant difference between each time point and the next time point (P<0.05).(3) The infant model group showed the strongest expression of TLR4 mRNA in lung tissue, significantly higher than that in the normal and adult model groups (P<0.05).(4) The expression of NF-κB P65 mRNA in the lung tissue was highest in the infant model group, and significantly higher than that in the normal and the adult model groups ( P<0.05) , and it was gradually increased with the time.Conclusions The over-activation of TLR4-NF-κB P65 signaling pathway may be one of the immunopathological mechanisms of serious injury in the lung tissue in infant rats.

Análise morfométrica da parede intestinal do íleo de ratos submetidos a intensa carência de proteínas / Análisis morfométrica de la pared intestinal del íleo de ratas sometidos a intensacarencia de proteínas / Morphometrics analysis of the intestinal wall of the ileum of rats submitted to intensive lack of protein

Neste trabalho foram utilizados seis animais (Rattus norvegicus com 90 dias de idade) divididos em dois grupos: GC (grupo controle) e GE (grupo experimental). Os animais do GC receberam ração com teor protéico de 26% e os do GE ração com 4% de proteínas. Após 90 dias de experimento, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia, à retirada do íleo e a processos histológicos corados por Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE), quando se avaliaram os efeitos da desnutrição protéica severa (4%) sobre ratos Wistar adultos (Rattus norvegicus) nos seguintes parâmetros: peso corporal; parede total do íleo; túnica mucosa; túnica muscular; altura do enterócito; diâmetro maior nuclear. A análise histomorfométrica da parede total do íleo dos ratos adultos desnutridos evidenciou que houve uma redução estatisticamente significante no grupo experimental em relação ao grupo controle. Ou seja: a parede intestinal alterou-se como um todo, especialmente na espessura da túnica mucosa, muscular, altura do enterócito e diâmetro maior de seu núcleo, permitindo-se concluir que a desnutrição protéica afeta tecidos de alta e baixa renovação celular presente no íleo

Six animals (Rattus norvegicus - 90 days of age) were divided into two groups: CG (Control Group) and EG (Experimental Group) were used in this study. The animals in the CG received 26%-protein chow and the EG received 4%- protein chow. 90 days later, the animals were submitted to euthanasia, remotion of their ileum for histological processes, and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (HE). The effects of severe protein undernutrition (4%) on Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) regarding the following parameters were assessed: body weight, total wall thickness of the ileum, tunica mucosa, muscle tunic, enterocyte height, and higher nuclear diameter. The histomorphometric analysis of the total wall of the ileum of undernourished adult rats evidenced that there was a statistically significant reduction for the experimental group in relation to the control group. The intestinal wall suffered atrophy demonstrating that protein undernourishment affected all the tissues at the ileum

En esta investigación fueron utilizados seis animales (Rattus norvegicus con 90 días de edad) divididos en dos grupos: GC (grupo control) y GE (Grupo experimental). Los animales del GC recibieron ración con contenido proteico de 26% y los del GE ración con 4% de proteínas. Tras 90 días de experimento los animales fueron sometidos a eutanasia, remoción del íleo, procesos histológicos corados por Hematoxilina y Eosina (HE). Cuando se evaluaron los efectos de la desnutrición proteica severa (4%) sobre las ratas Wistar adultas (Rattus norvegicus) en los siguientes parámetros: peso corporal, pared total del íleo, túnica mucosa, túnica muscular, altura del enterocito y diámetro mayor nuclear. El análisis histomorfométrica de la pared total del íleo de las ratas adultas desnutridas evidenció que hubo una reducción estadísticamente significante em el grupo experimental en relación al grupo control. O sea: la pared intestinal se alteró como un todo, especialmente en La espesura de la túnica mucosa, muscular, altura del enterocito y diámetro mayor de su núcleo, permitiéndose concluir que La desnutrición proteica afecta tejidos de alta y baja renovación celular presente en el íleo

INCREASING THE SINGLE-CLONE FORMED RATE OF NEURAL STEM CELLS FROM ADULT RATS / 解剖学报

Objective Modified the medium that can increase single\|clone formed rate and confirmed the single clone spheres had the multipotential of differentation. Methods We modified the medium, that is, the medium contained half of primary culture medium and half of fresh culture medium. A great deal of neurospheres dervied from a single cell were plated averagely into 24 well plates and added into the DMEM differentiation medium (containing serum). After culturing for 14 days, cultures were stained with the neuronal\| ang glial\|specific markers (MAP\|2 for neurons, GFAP for astrocytes and CNP for oligodendrocytes). Results Each 96 well plate containing half of primary culture medium generated two to three single clone spheres, in control plate containing only fresh medium generated half to one single clone sphere. After differentiation, these cell clones expressed MAP\|2, GFAP and CNP positive respectively.Conclusion\ Using half of primary culture medium can increase single\|clone formed rate and these cell clones had the multipotential of differentiation.\;[

EFFECT OF BETA CASOMORPHIN 7 ON CHOLECYSTOKININ mRNA EXPRESSION AND ITS STABILITY IN DUODENUM OF ADULT RATS / 营养学报

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability of native bovine ? casomorphin 7 in duodenum of adult rats, and the local effect on expression of cholecystokinin in intestinal mucosa. Method: (1) According to the variety of infused ? casomorphin 7 concentrations between absorptive and un-absorptive groups in vivo, its characteristic absorption in duodenum was observed. (2) To characterize the stability of the ? casomorphin 7, rat intestinal mucosa homogenate was digested and the enzyme activities were determined in vitro. (3) The effect on cholecystokinin mRNA expression of ? casomorphin 7 after luminal administration was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results:? casomorphin 7 was unable to be absorbed by intestinal epithelia and quickly degraded in the intestinal tract. It contributed to elevate cholecystokinin mRNA expression in intestinal mucosa and this effect was partly blocked by naloxone. This peptide also significantly inhibited the somatostatin mRNA expression. Conclusion: The present data demonstrated that the local effect on expression of cholecystokinin of ? casomorphin 7 might be related to opioid system and directly or indirectly affected by somatostatin.