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Background: Prenatal detection of genetic abnormalities is one of the biggest challenges of current fetal medicine. Prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities can be done using biochemical tests. The screening is a risk estimation test and not a diagnostic test.Methods: Statistical data treatment had been performed on a sample of 362 pregnant women for prenatal screening. This was a retrospective data analysis study undertaken at the National Reference Laboratory, Redcliffe Labs.Results: Nine (2.48%) women out of 362 were screen positive for chromosomopathy. The point biserial correlation between variables (Free ?-hCG - Free Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin, PAPP-A- pregnancy associated plasma protein-A and NT-(nuchal translucency) amongst patients with positive and negative screen test was statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between positive screen for chromosomopathy and hCG, MoM, NT MoM whereas a negative correlation between them and PAPP-A. This study indicates that higher values of hCG and lower values of PAPP-A MoM as seen in the positive screen patients is associated with a significant risk of chromosomopathy. A positive correlation between age and screen positive cases was seen. The McNemar’s test indicated a significant reduction in screen positive cases when biomarkers were added to screen for Trisomy 21 in women aged >35 years (n=86). 81 women eventually screened negative.Conclusions: The analyses stresses on the importance of using state-of-the-art, prenatal noninvasive screening software to help provide a predictive outcome, individualized for that pregnant woman.
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@#Introduction: Heart attack and stroke are two diseases causing four out of five patients with cardiovascular disease to experience early death at the age of below 70 years old. Coronary heart disease is caused by two factors, namely modifiable factors and non-modifiable factors. This study aimed to determine factors related to coronary heart disease in the productive age groups in Indonesia. Methods: This study used data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. The total sample in this study was 24,199 with productive age (15-59 years old). The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions to analyze the risk factors for coronary heart disease. Results: This study found that coronary heart disease prevalence was 1.30%. Most of the respondents in this study were females (52.30%), had a normal body mass index (40.75%), had moderate physical activities (39.33%), had no smoking habit (64.59%), and consumed no fast-food (88.34%). The result showed that older age (AOR =1.06 95%CI=1.05-1.07), female (AOR =1.93, 95%CI=1.32-2.83), vigorous physical activity (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI=0.53-0.96), and fast-food consumption (AOR =1.68, 95%CI=1.22-2.31) had higher odds to experience coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Older age, female, vigorous physical activities, fast-food consumption were the risk factors of coronary heart disease at a productive age in Indonesia.
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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a member of the transmissible spongiform encepahlopathies, has been a notifiable disease in Turkey since 1997. In 2002, the BSE status of Turkey was assessed by the EU Scientific Steering Committee as "it is likely but not confirmed".This study presents the results of a targeted surveillance study to assess the presence of BSE in the age risk population of Bursa, Turkey. In the assessment procedure, the immunohistochemical detection of protease-resistant prion protein (PrP-Sc) was aimed at and applied to 420 brain tissues of cattle slaughtered in Bursa at an age of 30-months and older. None of the samples were positive for BSE.