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1.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1039899

RESUMO

Background Multimorbidity imposes a heavy burden on individuals, families, and society. There are relatively few studies exploring patterns of multimorbidity among middle-aged adults in China. Objective To explore the current status of multimorbidity, associated risk factors, and multimorbidity patterns among adults aged 45-64 years in China, so as to provide a scientific basis to prevent and control multimorbidity in China. Methods A total of 5494 adults aged 45-64 years from the Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2018 were selected. Of these, 2494 (45.39%) were men and 3000 (54.61%) were women. The nine diseases included were hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, obesity, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), myocardial infarction, stroke, asthma, and tumor. The prevalence of each disease or multimorbidity was expressed as N (%). Comparisons of multimorbidity prevalence between different groups were performed using the χ2 test or Cochran-Armitage trend test. Association rule with the Apriori algorithm was used to explore the pattern of multimorbidity, with parameters set at a minimum conditional support of 3.00%, a minimum rule confidence of 50.00%, and a lift of >1.20. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between selected risk factors and multimorbidity. Results In 2018, 37.44% of participants reported multimorbidity in 15 provinces of China. The prevalence of diseases in descending order was dyslipidaemia (39.99%), hypertension (39.48%), obesity (16.42%), MCI (14.47%), diabetes (14.16%), tumor (1.09%), stroke (1.04%), myocardial infarction (0.71%), and asthma (0.64%). A total of seven multimorbidity patterns were identified in this group. Obesity paired with hypertension, and diabetes paired with dyslipidemia were the two major patterns of multimorbidity in the general population and age or sex subgroups. The multimorbidity patterns of different populations were concentrated in the combination of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The risk of multimorbidity was lower in females than in males (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.75, 0.97). The multimorbidity risk was 1.56 times higher in the 55-64 years group than in the 45-54 years group (OR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.40, 1.75). Drinking in the past year increased the risk of multimorbidity by 25% (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.08, 1.45) compared to no alcohol comsumption in the past year. High and medium levels of physical activity were associated with a decreased OR (high: OR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.65, 0.85; medium: OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70, 0.93) with low level of physical activity as reference. Conclusion In 2018, there was a high prevalence rate of multimorbidity among middle-aged adults in China. The main multimorbidity patterns were obesity-hypertension and diabetes-dyslipidemia. Surveillance and interventions should be strengthened particularly for men, individuals with alcohol consumption or insufficient physical activity, and those with major multimorbidity patterns.

2.
Gac. méd. espirit ; 25(2): [8], ago. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514154

RESUMO

Fundamento: Con el aumento de la esperanza de vida en Cuba se hace necesario insertar al adulto mayor en la actividad física comunitaria, que es uno de los procesos de funcionamiento del Instituto Nacional de Deportes, Educación Física y Recreación, mediante el Programa del Adulto Mayor para mejorar la calidad de vida de este grupo etario. Objetivo: Determinar los rasgos distintivos que caracterizan el impacto integral del Programa del Adulto Mayor en la calidad de vida de los practicantes del municipio Trinidad en la provincia Sancti Spíritus. Metodología: Se realizó estudio exploratorio que incluyó a 10 directivos y 65 profesores que atienden directamente el Programa del Adulto Mayor en el municipio Trinidad y 64 adultos mayores practicantes sistemáticos; a profesores y directivos se les realizaron entrevistas. Se utilizaron los métodos inductivo-deductivo, análisis de documento, medición y la entrevista. Los métodos estadísticos matemáticos se aplicaron para el procesamiento de los datos, específicamente dentro de la estadística descriptiva se utilizaron tablas de distribución empírica de frecuencias. Resultados: El Programa e Indicaciones metodológicas no ofrecen información relacionada con el impacto integral del mismo, el 100 % de los directivos considera necesario que se investigue en relación con el impacto integral de este Programa, la totalidad de los profesores entrevistados expresaron que solo se evalúa la condición física del adulto mayor. El 80 % de los adultos mayores se sienten satisfechos con su estado de salud y el 98 % consideraron que el Programa mejora su calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Se ofrecen los rasgos distintivos que caracterizan el impacto integral del Programa del Adulto Mayor; las deficiencias detectadas orientan la necesidad de evaluar de forma integral el impacto del mismo en la calidad de vida de los practicantes sistemáticos.


Background: Due to the increase in life expectation in Cuba, it becomes necessary to insert the elderly adults in community physical activity, which is one of National Institute of Sports, Physical Education and Recreation functioning processes, by means of the Elderly Adult Program to improve quality of life in this age group. Objective: To determine the distinguishing features that characterize the integral impact of the Elderly Adult Program on the quality of life of the participants of the Municipality of Trinidad in the Province of Sancti Spiritus. Methodology: An exploratory study was conducted that included 10 managers and 65 teachers who directly attend the Elderly Adult Program in the municipality of Trinidad and 64 systematically practicing elderly adults; interviews were conducted with teachers and managers. Inductive-deductive methods, document analysis, measurement and interview were used. Mathematical-statistical methods were applied to process the data, specifically, within the descriptive statistics, empirical frequency distribution tables were used. Results: The Program and Methodological Indications do not offer information relating to the integral program impact, 100% of the managers consider necessary to investigate the integral impact of the program, most of the teachers interviewed said that only the physical condition of elderly adults is evaluated. The 80% of them are satisfied with their health and 98% believe the program improves their quality of life. Conclusions: The features that characterize the integral impact of the Senior Program are offered; the deficiencies detected suggest the need for a comprehensive evaluation of its impact on the life quality of systematic practitioners.


Assuntos
Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Meio Ambiente
3.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1017953

RESUMO

Objective:To develop a risk prediction model for acute kidney injury (AKI) in young, middle-aged and elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and verify the predictive ability of the model.Methods:Patients admitted to the Department of Neurology, Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University from January 2018 to August 2022 were retrospectively included as a modeling cohort, and patients with AIS from September 2022 to September 2023 were prospectively included as a validation cohort. Independent risk factors for AKI were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and risk prediction models for AKI in young AIS patients group and middle-aged and elderly AIS patients group were developed. The predictive power of the model was tested using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results:The young group included 760 patients with AIS, of which 584 (76.84%) were in the modeling cohort, and 146 (25.00%) had AKI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that anemia, systolic blood pressure, homocysteine, alcohol consumption, blood urea nitrogen, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were independent risk factors for AKI (all P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of the predictive model was 0.938 (95% confidence interval 0.912-0.963), the Youden index was 0.747, and the optimal cut-off value was 0.249. The sensitivity and specificity of predicting AKI were 84.8% and 89.9%, respectively. A total of 1 417 patients with AIS were included in the middle-aged and elderly group, of which 833 patients (58.79%) were in the modeling cohort and 230 (27.61%) had AKI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, atrial fibrillation, previous stroke history, smoking, infection, triglycerides, NIHSS score, use of antihypertensive drugs, use of loop diuretics, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were the independent risk factors for AKI ( P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of the predictive model was 0.838 (95% confidence interval 0.808-0.868), the Youden index was 0.539, the optimal cut-off value was 0.242, and the predictive sensitivity and specificity were 78.3% and 75.6%, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed the predictive accuracy of the model was in good agreement with the actual occurrence of risk (the young group: χ2=8.968, P=0.345; the middle-aged and elderly group: χ2=11.250, P=0.188). The validation cohort analysis shows that the model had high prediction accuracy and credibility in two groups. Conclusion:The model can specifically predict the risk of AKI in young, middle-aged and elderly patients with AIS, with high sensitivity and specificity.

4.
Artigo em Chinês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1032088

RESUMO

@#Objective To investigate the incidence of insomnia in young and middle-aged adults and the influencing factors through a systematic review,and to provide a reference for early clinical prevention and intervention. Methods We searched CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP,CBM,Web of Science,PubMed,The Cochrane Library,and Embase,and Medline for relevant studies on the incidence and influencing factors of insomnia in young and middle-aged adults (published between database construction and May 12,2022). Stata16.0 was used for meta-analysis. Results Thirteen pieces of literature were included,involving a total of 255 313 subjects. The overall incidence of insomnia in young and middle-aged adults was 21% (95% confidence interval:16.9% to 37.6%). The influencing factors included female,unemployment,low annual income less than 100 000,anxiety,depression,smoking,alcohol consumption,obesity,exercise time less than 1 hour/week,and electronic product use more than 2 hour/day. Conclusion The incidence of insomnia is high in young and middle-aged adults. Medical professionals should improve the identification of factors affecting insomnia,and take effective measures to improve sleep and quality of life for young and middle-aged people.

5.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408653

RESUMO

Introducción: El suicidio ha constituido desde siempre uno de los grandes enigmas de la humanidad, plantea cuestiones filosóficas, sociales, psicológicas, religiosas y morales. La conducta suicida constituye en Cuba un problema de salud en aumento. Objetivo: Valorar la efectividad de una intervención educativa sobre conducta suicida en el adulto mayor en riesgo. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio preexperimental, prospectivo, durante el período comprendido desde noviembre 2017 a marzo 2019 en el consultorio 1 del policlínico "Mario A. Pérezˮ de Sagua la Grande. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por todos los adultos mayores dispensarizados como riesgo suicida. La muestra quedó integrada por 42 pacientes seleccionados por criterios de inclusión, exclusión y salida. Resultados: Predominó en la muestra el grupo de edad de 60-64 (40,5 por ciento), y las mujeres (59,5 por ciento), el indicador de riesgo desesperanza (61 por ciento) y depresión menor (30,9 por ciento). Al diagnóstico, la información global del tema no era aceptable y posteriormente se constató 97,6 por ciento de información global adquirida. Se aplicó una intervención educativa, validada por los especialistas como factible y pertinente, la cual abarcó 8 encuentros. Conclusiones: La intervención educativa aplicada resultó efectiva al elevar el nivel de información de los adultos mayores con riesgo suicida. El equipo básico de salud es un pilar fundamental para evitar esta conducta, aplicando el enfoque de riesgo en la población(AU)


Introduction: Suicide has always been one of the great enigmas of humanity: it raises philosophical, social, psychological, religious and moral questions. Suicidal behavior is a growing health concern in Cuba. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention on suicidal behavior in the elderly at risk. Methods: A prospective and pre-experimental study was carried out, during the period from November 2017 to March 2019, in the family medical office # 1 of Mario A. Pérez Polyclinic of Sagua la Grande Municipality. The study population consisted of all the older adults classified as being at suicidal risk. The sample was made up of 42 patients selected by inclusion, exclusion and exit criteria. Results: The age group 60-64 (40.5 percent) predominated in the sample, together with women (59.5 percent), the indicator of hopelessness risk (61 percent) and minor depression (30.9 percent). At diagnosis, the global information on the subject was not acceptable and, subsequently, 97.6 percent of the global information acquired was obtained. An educational intervention was applied, validated by the specialists as feasible and pertinent, which included eight meetings. Conclusions: The educational intervention applied was effective in raising the level of information of older adults at suicide risk. The basic health team is a significant tool for avoiding this behavior, applying the risk approach to the population(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ensino/psicologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos
6.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408657

RESUMO

Introducción: Los hábitos tóxicos son uno de los principales factores que convierten a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir la presencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y hábitos tóxicos como el consumo de café, alcohol y tabaco en una población de la tercera edad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el Consultorio médico 20 del municipio Arroyo Naranjo de La Habana entre octubre de 2018 y mayo de 2019. La población en estudio estuvo conformada por 365 pacientes geriátricos con diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, sexo, enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles asociadas y sustancias tóxicas consumidas. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante revisión de historias clínicas y entrevistas realizadas a cada paciente. Los resultados se expresaron mediante tablas y gráficos estadísticos. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino y la hipertensión arterial como enfermedad de mayor prevalencia. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica fue mayor en hombres y fueron estos los más fumadores. La presencia de úlceras y el consumo de café fueron mayores en las mujeres. En los pacientes entre 60-71 años fue donde se encontró el mayor número de hipertensos y los mayores consumidores de bebidas alcohólicas. Los del grupo 72-82 años fueron los mayores consumidores de tabaco y los más afectados por el asma bronquial. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles constituyen un problema de salud en la población estudiada. Los hábitos tóxicos detectados se asocian a la presencia de dichas enfermedades en los pacientes estudiados(AU)


Introduction: Toxic habits are one of the main factors that make chronic noncommunicable diseases an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the presence of chronic noncommunicable diseases and toxic habits such as consumption of coffee, alcohol and tobacco in an elderly population. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in the family medical office # 20 of the Arroyo Naranjo Municipality, Havana, between October 2018 and May 2019. The study population consisted of 365 geriatric patients diagnosed with chronic noncommunicable diseases. The variables analyzed were age, sex, associated chronic noncommunicable diseases and toxic substances consumed. The data were obtained by reviewing medical records and through interviews with each patient. The results were expressed using statistical tables and graphs. Results: In the research, the female sex predominated, together with arterial hypertension as the most prevalent disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in men, who also accounted for the higher number of smokers. The presence of ulcers and coffee consumption were higher among women. It was in patients aged 60-71 years where the highest number of hypertensive patients and the highest consumers of alcoholic beverages were found. Those in the 72-82 age group were the greatest tobacco consumers and the most affected by bronchial asthma. Conclusions: Chronic noncommunicable diseases are a health concern in the studied population. The toxic habits detected are associated with the presence of these diseases in the patients studied(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Idoso , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Doenças não Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva
7.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1408658

RESUMO

Introducción: El equilibrio postural conforma parte de la evaluación funcional para riesgo de caída en adultos mayores. El Ministerio de Salud Chileno aplica el Test Estación Unipodal para valora la estabilidad unipodal estática como herramienta de prevención en salud. Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia o equivalencia diagnóstica entre el Test Estación Unipodal y el Test unipodal para estabilidad corporal estática, en modalidad ojos abiertos. Métodos: Estudio de concordancia diagnóstica, de tipo transversal; aplicado en 60 adultos mayores autovalentes pertenecientes a talleres deportivos del Gimnasio Olímpico de San Miguel, Región Metropolitana, Chile, quienes voluntariamente ejecutaron dos pruebas de estabilidad unipodal estática y respondieron un instrumento de consulta al final de la evaluación referida al Test unipodal para estabilidad corporal estática. Resultados: Entre las dos pruebas de estabilidad unipodal, en modalidad ojos abiertos, se presentó una concordancia significativa al evaluar buena o deficiente estabilidad (p = 0,0005). Los adultos mayores evaluados percibieron el Test unipodal para estabilidad corporal estática como prueba de fácil aplicación, bajo nivel de riesgo físico y cansancio, declarando intención de volver a realizarla si se requiere valorar nuevamente su estabilidad. Conclusión: Ambos métodos, Test Estación Unipodal y Test unipodal para estabilidad corporal estática, en modalidad ojos abiertos, fueron capaces de clasificar correctamente buena estabilidad o estabilidad deficiente en los adultos mayores evaluados. Por lo tanto, resultan equivalentes y concordantes para el diagnóstico de la estabilidad estática con apoyo unipodal(AU)


Introduction: Postural balance is part of the functional assessment for risk of falling in aged adults. The Chilean Ministry of Health applies the Unipodal Station Test to assess static unipodal stability as a health prevention tool. Objective: To determine concordance or diagnostic equivalence between the Unipodal Station Test and the Unipodal Test for static body stability, in the open eyes modality. Methods: Cross-sectional study of diagnostic concordance applied in sixty self-supporting aged adults belonging to sports workshops of the Olympic Gymnasium of San Miguel, in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, who voluntarily completed two static unipodal stability tests and answered a consultation instrument at the end of the assessment concerning the Unipodal Test for static body stability. Results: Between the two unipodal stability tests, in the open eyes modality, a significant concordance was present upon assessing good or poor stability (p = 0.0005). The aged adults who underwent assessment perceived the Unipodal Test for static body stability as a test of easy application and low level of physical risk and fatigue, as well as declared their intention to complete it again if their stability needed to be reassessed. Conclusion: Both the Unipodal Station Test and the Unipodal Test for static body stability, in the open eyes modality, were effective methods to classify good stability or poor stability correctly in the aged adults who underwent assessment. Therefore, they are equivalent and concordant for the diagnosis of static stability with unipodal support(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Acidentes por Quedas/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Fatores de Risco , Chile , Estudos Transversais
8.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 36(4): e1081, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1156477

RESUMO

Introducción: La ansiedad y la depresión son alteraciones frecuentes en los ancianos y de difícil diagnóstico. El trabajo que se realiza en las Casas de Abuelos es realmente gratificante pues la socialización es tan fuerte que se crean fuertes lazos de amistad y una nueva perspectiva de ver la vida. El psicólogo en estas instituciones tiene como objetivo evaluar su estado psicológico e interactuar de manera grupal e individual para rehabilitarlo. Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de ansiedad y depresión de adultos mayores Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con una población de 19 ancianos en la Casa de Abuelos Alegre Juventud de Los Palacios, en el periodo comprendido de junio del 2017 a marzo del 2018. Se les aplicó el Inventario de Depresión Rasgo-Estado y el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado, así como entrevistas semiestructuradas, tanto a estos como a la trabajadora social encargada del cuidado de estos. Resultados: Según la ansiedad como estado predominó un 57,9 por ciento de la población mientras que la depresión como estado predominó el 100 por ciento. Con relación a la ansiedad como rasgo predominó un 100 por ciento de la población mientras que la depresión como rasgo predominó un 52,6 por ciento. Conclusiones: Existen niveles medios y altos de ansiedad y depresión en los adultos evaluados, pudiéndose utilizar la terapia MINFULLNES para mejorar su calidad de vida desde estos indicadores(AU)


Introduction: Anxiety and depression are frequent alterations in the aged adult. The management of these conditions is difficult. The work that is done in care homes is really rewarding because socialization is so strong that strong ties of friendship and a new perspective of seeing life are created. The psychologist in these institutions aims to assess their psychological state and interact in a group and individual way to rehabilitate them. Objective: To evaluate the levels of anxiety and depression in aged adults. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in the period from June 2017 to March 2018, with a population of nineteen elderly people from Alegre Juventud Care Home in Los Palacios. They were applied the State-Trait Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, as well as semistructured interviews, which also included the social worker in charge of their care. Results: Concerning anxiety as a state, the predominance accounted for 57.9 percent of the population; while for depression, predominance accounted for 100 percent. Regarding anxiety as a trait, predominance accounted for 100 percent; while for depression, as a trait, predominance accounted for 52.6 percent. Conclusions: There are average and high levels of anxiety and depression in the adults evaluated, which shows that the use MINFULLNES therapy could improve their quality of life based on these indicators(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Idoso , Depressão/epidemiologia , Saúde do Idoso Institucionalizado , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais
9.
Rev. cuba. med. gen. integr ; 36(4): e1256, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1156483

RESUMO

Introducción: En la actualidad, el envejecimiento poblacional es uno de los problemas demográficos más relevantes. Constituye una prioridad del estado cubano la protección al adulto mayor y las acciones de salud para el aumento de la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Diseñar una estrategia de intervención para mejorar la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores. Métodos: Investigación aplicada con una primera etapa descriptiva - evaluativa y de diseño de la estrategia y una segunda etapa de realización de intervenciones y evaluación de resultados; efectuada en el Consultorio Médico número 7 del municipio Los Palacios, provincia Pinar del Río, durante el año 2018 y primer semestre 2019, con un universo de 294 adultos mayores y una muestra de 223 individuos que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Variables sociodemográficas: calidad de vida, autoestima y estilos de vida; se aplicó la Escala de Autoestima de Coopersmith, la Guía para el estudio del estilo de vida y la Escala MGH de calidad de vida en el adulto mayor. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino, la calidad de vida fue más alta en las personas con pareja, no existió correlación con el nivel de escolaridad ni se encontró polifarmacia en los adultos mayores; la autoestima, los estilos de vida saludables y la calidad de vida se elevaron considerablemente después de la intervención. Conclusiones: La estrategia de intervención diseñada contribuyó a elevar la calidad de vida en los adultos mayores(AU)


Introduction: Population aging is currently one of the most relevant demographic concerns. Protection of aged adults and health actions to increase their quality of life are a priority of the Cuban state. Objective: To design an intervention strategy to improve the quality of life of aged adults. Methods: Applied research with a first descriptive-evaluative stage for the design of the strategy, and a second stage of carrying out interventions and assessing outcomes. It was carried out in the family doctor's office number 7 of Los Palacios Municipality, in Pinar del Río Province, during 2018 and the first half of 2019, with a population of 294 aged adults and a sample of 223 individuals who met the inclusion criteria. The sociodemographic variables were quality of life, self-esteem and lifestyles. The Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory was applied, together with the Guide for the study of lifestyle and the M.G.H. Scale of quality of life in the aged adult. Results: The female sex predominated. Quality of life was higher in people with a partner. There was no correlation with the level of education. No polypharmacy was found in the aged adult. Self-esteem, healthy lifestyles and quality of life rose considerably after the intervention. Conclusions: The intervention strategy designed contributed to raising the quality of life in aged adults(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Qualidade de Vida , Autoimagem , Dinâmica Populacional , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Idoso , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Estudo Observacional
10.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 36(1): e3120, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED, LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1280242

RESUMO

Introducción: El envejecimiento, fenómeno social y de salud que afecta la contemporaneidad, hace que investigadores se enfoquen en este grupo poblacional, las necesidades y respuestas humanas crecientes que los caracterizan, así como a los seres humanos que dedican tiempo al cuidado de los ancianos. Sin embargo, no se identifican referentes ni una definición actualizada que se configure desde la enfermería, por lo que es necesario analizar los enfoques en el contexto internacional y nacional relacionado con este sujeto. Objetivo: Sistematizar el término cuidador familiar de anciano para lograr su contextualización en el ámbito de la enfermería. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática para un análisis crítico reflexivo de contenido de documentos publicados durante 10 años, desde 2005 al 2015, con una clara metodología y referencial teórico seleccionado, durante el mes de julio del 2019. Se utilizaron las palabras clave identificadas en DeCS y operadores booleanos: "cuidadores" AND "anciano" OR "adulto mayor" AND "enfermería". La búsqueda fue realizada en la base de datos SciELO, redalyc y medigraphic. Se utilizó el diagrama de flujo (PRISMA) para contribuir a la formulación de la estrategia de búsqueda. Conclusiones: La sistematización permitió la definición operacional de cuidador familiar de anciano desde una perspectiva de la enfermería, esta se concibe como: Persona adulta allegada o con vínculo de parentesco, que asiste o ayuda y toma decisiones sobre los cuidados crecientes de un miembro de la familia de 60 años o más, cuyo estado de salud e inadaptación a los cambios del entorno, demanda de la satisfacción de necesidades(AU)


Introduction: Aging, a social and health phenomenon that affects contemporaneity, makes researchers focus on this population group, the growing human needs and responses that characterize them, as well as the human beings who spend time caring for the elderly. However, no references or any updated definition are identified as supported from the field of nursing, so it is necessary to analyze the approaches in the international and national context related to this subject. Objective: To systematize the term family caregiver of the elderly to achieve its contextualization in the field of nursing. Methods: A systematic review was carried out for a critical reflexive content analysis of documents published for 10 years, from 2005 to 2015, with a clear methodology and selected theoretical reference, during the month of July 2019. The following keywords identified in DeCS and Boolean operators were used: "cuidadores" AND "anciano" OR "adulto mayor" AND "enfermería" [in English, "caregivers" AND "elderly" OR "elderly" AND "nursing"]. The search was carried out in the database SciELO, redalyc and medigraphic. The flow chart (PRISMA) was used to contribute to the formulation of the search strategy. Conclusions: The systematization allowed the operational definition of family caregivers of the elderly from a nursing perspective, this is conceived as: An adult person close to or related by kinship, who assists or helps and makes decisions about the growing care of a member of the family aged 60 years or more, whose state of health and lack of adaptation to changes in the environment demand for the fulfillment of needs(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Envelhecimento , Cuidadores , Relações Familiares , Enfermagem de Atenção Primária/métodos , Literatura de Revisão como Assunto , Bases de Dados Bibliográficas
11.
Rev. cuba. cir ; 58(1): e757, ene.-mar. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1093144

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía de mínimo acceso en general y en particular la abdominal laparoscópica ha revolucionado la cirugía ofreciendo mejoría en la calidad de vida de los pacientes lo cual se hace más evidente en los adultos mayores. Objetivo: Describir la efectividad y seguridad de la cirugía abdominal laparoscópica en el adulto mayor. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva en una serie consecutiva de 204 adultos mayores con indicación de cirugía abdominal laparoscópica en el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso en el primer semestre del año 2017. Resultados: La edad mediana fue de 68,0 (60-90) años, predominó el sexo femenino (71,6 por ciento). La comorbilidad en 180 pacientes (88,2 por ciento). La litiasis vesicular (43,2 por ciento), hernia inguinal (14,1 por ciento) y afecciones colorrectales (12,2 por ciento) fueron los diagnósticos más frecuentes mientras que la colecistectomía laparoscópica (44,1 por ciento), hernioplastia inguinal (14,1 por ciento) y la cirugía colorrectal (12,2 por ciento) las técnicas más realizadas. La mediana del tiempo quirúrgico fue 60,0 (15-360) minutos. Hubo una tasa de complicaciones de 6,9 por ciento, de conversión de 3,4 por ciento, reintervención de 2,0 por ciento y mortalidad de 0,5 por ciento. La mediana de la estadía hospitalaria fue de 1,0 (1-52) días. El antecedente de cirugía por cáncer se asoció con la presencia de complicaciones, p=0,000. Conclusiones: La cirugía abdominal laparoscópica constituye una opción efectiva y segura para el adulto mayor(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Minimal access surgery in general, and particularly laparoscopic abdominal surgery, have revolutionized surgery that offers improvement in the quality of life of patients, which is more evident in older adults. Objective: To describe the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic abdominal surgery in the aged adult. Methods: A descriptive investigation was carried out in a consecutive series of 204 aged adults with indication for laparoscopic abdominal surgery, at the National Center for Minimal Access Surgery, in the first semester of 2017. Results: The median age was 68.0 (60-90) years. The female sex predominated (71.6 percent). Comorbidity in 180 patients (88.2 percent). Vesicular lithiasis (43.2 percent), inguinal hernia (14.1 percent) and colorectal disorders (12.2 percent) were the most frequent diagnoses, while laparoscopic cholecystectomy (44.1 percent), inguinal hernioplasty (14.1 percent) and colorectal surgery (12.2 percent) were the most performed techniques. The median surgical time was 60.0 (15-360) minutes. There was a complication rate of 6.9 percent, a conversion rate of 3.4 percent, reintervention of 2.0 percent and mortality of 0.5 percent. The median of the hospital stay was 1.0 (1-52) days. The history of surgery for cancer was associated with the presence of complications, p=0.000. Conclusions: Laparoscopic abdominal surgery is an effective and safe option for the aged adult(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Qualidade de Vida , Cálculos da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/métodos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudo Observacional
12.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 20(3): e632, sept.-dic. 2018. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093793

RESUMO

La polisinovitis aguda edematosa benigna del anciano, también llamada síndrome RS3PE (acrónimo de remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema), es una enfermedad reumatológica heterogénea que forma parte de las artritis inflamatorias y es de causa desconocida. Se presenta de forma exclusiva en la población de adultos mayores con afección poliarticular asociada a edema, tumefacción y limitación funcional que tiene por lo general buen pronóstico. Se describe el caso de un hombre de 70 años que cumple con seis de los siete criterios diagnósticos para esta enfermedad(AU)


Acute benign edematous polysynovitis in the elderly, also called RS3PE syndrome (acronym for remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema), is a heterogeneous rheumatologic disease that is part of inflammatory arthritis and whose cause is unknown. It is presented exclusively in the population of aged adults with polyarticular affection associated with edema, swelling and functional limitation and has, in general, a good prognosis. We describe the case of a 70-year-old man who presents six of the seven diagnostic criteria for this disease(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Artrite , Neoplasias da Próstata , Prognóstico , Sinovite/diagnóstico , Saúde do Idoso
13.
Rev. cuba. enferm ; 34(3): e2428, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF, CUMED | ID: biblio-1099060

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: El autocuidado del paciente diabético se considera un elemento coherente en el tratamiento de la úlcera neuropática. Esta perspectiva ayuda al paciente a tomar conciencia de su propia condición. Objetivo: Diseñar una estrategia de autocuidado en los adultos mayores con úlcera neuropática en la comunidad. Métodos: Estudio de intervención, desarrollo contextualizado en el Policlínico Rudesindo García del Rijo del Municipio de Sancti Spíritus, 2013 a 2017. Variables de estudio, nivel de conocimientos, autocuidado, estado de salud, restablecimiento cutáneo. Se utilizó entrevista estructurada para conocer el nivel de conocimiento y el autocuidado brindado por el personal de Enfermería, para la mejoría del estado de salud, se aplicó la escala de Kaff y Lawton, restablecimiento cutáneo la observación de la cura diaria. Después de aplicada de la estrategia se compararon las proporciones poblacionales mediante Prueba de McNemar. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento de las enfermeras, al finalizar el programa de capacitación obtuvo 80,49. El 92,71 por ciento del estado de salud de los adultos mayores con úlcera neuropática fue bueno; el restablecimiento cutáneo después de aplicada la estrategia cicatrizó la úlcera neuropática en un período de tiempo más corto, el autocuidado de los adultos mayores se pudo constatar que recibieron un autocuidado aceptable, el 82,29 por ciento, obedeció a cambios de conductas. Conclusiones: Se logró el diseño de la estrategia de autocuidado del adulto mayor con úlcera neuropática en la comunidad, que favorecen la relación adulto mayor con úlcera neuropática, enfermera, familia y comunidad(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetic patient self-care is considered a coherent element for neuropathic ulcer treatment. This perspective helps the patient raise awareness about his/her own condition. Objective: To design a self-care community strategy for aged adults with neuropathic ulcer. Methods: Intervention and development study contextualized in Rudesindo García del Rijo Polyclinic of Sancti Spíritus Municipality, from 2013 to 2017. The study variables were level of knowledge, self-care, health status, skin restoration. The structured interview was used to know the level of knowledge and self-care provided by the nursing staff, para la mejoría del estado de salud, se aplicó la escala de Kaff y Lawton, restablecimiento cutáneo la observación de la cura diaria. After applying the strategy, the population proportions were compared using the McNemar test. Results: The nurses' level of knowledge was 80.49 at the end of the training program. 92.71 percent of the health status of the aged adult with neuropathic ulcer was good. Skin restoration after applying the strategy healed the neuropathic ulcer in a shorter period of time. Regarding the self-care of the aged adults, they were confirmed to have put into practice an acceptable self-care, 82.29 percent of which was due to behavioral changes. Conclusions: The design of the self-care community strategy for the aged adults with neuropathic ulcer was achieved, favoring the relationship between aged adult with neuropathic ulcer and the nurse, the family and the community(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Autocuidado/efeitos adversos , Pé Diabético/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos
15.
Medisan ; 19(9)set.-set. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-760145

RESUMO

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente de 62 años de edad con antecedente de hipertensión arterial, quien asistió al puesto de salud de Socorro, municipio Itamarandiba del estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, por presentar una lesión única en la cara, de forma circular, con bordes definidos, tejido necrótico, ulcerada e indolora. Estos síntomas se correspondían con una leishmaniasis cutánea; por tanto, se decidió remitirlo al Hospital Municipal de Itamarandiba para ingreso, estudio y tratamiento.


The case report of a 62 years patient with a history of hypertension who attended the emergency room of Socorro, Itamarandiba municipality from Minas Gerais state, Brazil, for presenting an unique round lesion in the face, with defined edges, ulcerated and painless necrotic tissue, is presented. These symptoms were in correspondence to a cutaneous leishmaniasis; therefore, it was decided to transferred him to the Municipal Hospital of Itamarandiba for admission, study and treatment.


Assuntos
Idoso , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Ferimentos e Lesões
16.
Medisan ; 19(9)set.-set. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-760142

RESUMO

Se realizó una investigación cualitativa de adultos mayores en el área de salud del Policlínico Docente "Ramón López Peña" de la ciudad de Santiago de Cuba, desde diciembre del 2012 hasta igual mes del 2013, a fin de identificar la percepción de riesgo sobre sida en este grupo poblacional, que fue escogido al azar y cuyos integrantes no debía presentar deterioro cognitivo ni portar la enfermedad en cuestión, además de que debían dar su consentimiento informado para participar en el estudio. Se conformaron 4 grupos y se realizaron 3 encuentros con cada uno, donde se aplicaron diversas técnicas grupales y se recogieron todas las opiniones, lo que permitió obtener el conocimiento, los sentimientos y las percepciones de los participantes. Pudo concluirse que los ancianos poseían conocimientos sobre la enfermedad; sin embargo, no percibían el riesgo de esta para ellos mismos.


A qualitative investigation on aged adults was carried out in "Ramón López Peña" Teaching polyclinic health area in Santiago de Cuba city, from December, 2012 to the same month of 2013, in order to identify the risk perception on AIDS in this populational group that was randomly chosen and whose members should not have cognitive deterioration or carry the disease, besides they should give their informed consent to participate in the study. Four groups were formed and 3 meetings were carried out with each of them, where diverse group techniques were applied and all the opinions were gathered, what allowed to obtain the knowledge, feelings and perceptions of the participants. It could be concluded that the aged adults had knowledge on the disease; however, they didn't perceive its risk for themselves.


Assuntos
Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , HIV , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Idoso
17.
Medisan ; 19(6)jun.-jun. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-752942

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 43 adultos mayores con lesiones bucales premalignas y malignas, pertenecientes al área de salud del Policlínico Universitario "Julián Grimau García" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2013, con vistas a caracterizarles según variables seleccionadas. Predominaron los afectados de la séptima década de la vida con lesiones provocadas por la presencia de factores de riesgo, tales como tabaquismo, higiene bucal deficiente y prótesis desajustadas; el paladar duro como la localización anatómica más afectada y la no realización del autoexamen bucal. El uso prolongado de la prótesis influyó negativamente en la aparición de escasas lesiones y la estomatitis subprótesis fue el estado precanceroso más frecuente. Estos resultados mostraron la ineficacia de las acciones de promoción de salud, puesto que no se logró la elevación de la calidad de vida de los ancianos.


A descriptive and cross sectional study of 43 aged adults with premalignant and malignant oral lesions, belonging to the area of "Julián Grimau García" University Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba was carried out during the 2013, aimed at characterizing them according to selected variables. Those affected of the seventh decade of life with lesions caused by the presence of risk factors, such as tabaquism, scarce oral hygiene and maladjusted prosthesis, the hard palate as the affected anatomical site and the no practice of the oral self-exam prevailed. The prolonged use of prosthesis influenced negatively in the emergence of scarce lesions and the subprosthesis was the most frequent premalignant state. These results showed the inefficacy of the health promotion actions, since the increase of the patients life quality was not achieved.


Assuntos
Autoexame , Doenças da Boca , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Fatores de Risco
18.
Medisan ; 19(1)ene.-ene. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-735249

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal para caracterizar clínicamente a 707 pacientes con cáncer, tratados en el Hospital Oncológico Provincial Docente "Conrado Benítez García" de Santiago de Cuba, durante el año 2013, por presentar reacciones adversas secundarias a la radioterapia. En la casuística, 484 afectados presentaron toxicidad (68,4 %). Predominaron el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 60-70 años, los tumores de próstata y mama, así como el estadio clínico II. Entre las reacciones adversas más frecuentes sobresalieron: radiodermitis, rectitis y anemia. La hipertensión, las cardiopatías y las enfermedades cerebrovasculares se asociaron al tumor. Hubo más reacciones adversas cuando se usó la radioterapia concurrente con la quimioterapia, y la remisión completa se logró en los pacientes que no interrumpieron el tratamiento.


A descriptive and cross-sectional study to characterize clinically 707 patients with cancer, treated in "Conrado Benítez García" Teaching Provincial Oncological Hospital from Santiago de Cuba was carried out during the year 2013, for presenting secondary adverse reactions to the radiotherapy. Toxicity (68.4%) was present in 484 affected patients from the case material. The male sex, the age group 60-70 years, the prostate and breast tumors, as well as the clinical stage II prevailed. Among the most frequent adverse reactions there were: radiodermitis, rectitis and anemia. Hypertension, cardiopathies and cerebrovascular diseases were associated to the tumor. There were more adverse reactions when the concurrent radiotherapy was used with chemotherapy, and the complete remission was achieved in the patients who didn't interrupt the treatment.


Assuntos
Efeitos da Radiação , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Atenção Secundária à Saúde , Idoso
19.
Medisan ; 18(2)feb. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-709125

RESUMO

Se realizó una intervención terapéutica en 522 adultos mayores, pertenecientes al área de salud de Matías en el municipio de III Frente de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, desde febrero del 2012 hasta marzo del 2013, a fin de evaluar el impacto de las acciones dependientes e independientes de enfermería para la aplicación de la medicina natural y tradicional en afectados con artrosis, sacrolumbalgia, contracción muscular, obesidad y ansiedad. Estos gerontes fueron tratados con digitopuntura, ventosa, moxibustión y auriculoterapia, según indicación médica. En la casuística predominaron el sexo femenino (52,5 %) y el grupo etario de 60-65 años (43,0 %). Al finalizar la intervención se logró que la mayoría de los ancianos (98,0 %), de ambos sexos, respondieran positivamente al tratamiento.


A therapeutic intervention in 522 elderly, belonging to the health area of Matías in III Frente municipality, Santiago de Cuba province was carried out from February, 2012 to March, 2013, in order to evaluate the impact of the dependent and independent nursing actions for the use of natural and traditional medicine in affected patients with arthrosis, lumbosacral pain, muscle contraction, obesity and anxiety. These aged patients were treated with digitopuncture, cups, moxibustion and auriculotherapy, according to the medical indication. Feminine sex (52.5%) and the age group 60-65 (43.0%) prevailed in the case material. When concluding the intervention it was achieved that most of the old patients (98.0%), of both sexes, had a positive response to the treatment.


Assuntos
Idoso , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Medicina Tradicional , Ansiedade , Osteoartrite , Contração Muscular
20.
Medisan ; 18(2)feb. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-709116

RESUMO

Introducción: el envejecimiento provoca cambios en el adulto mayor, que condicionan su deterioro funcional y producen situaciones de incapacidad. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a las caídas en los ancianos, según el grado de dependencia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 57 pacientes, que recibieron atención ortopédica en el área de salud Guanabo del municipio Habana del Este de la provincia Ciudad de la Habana, desde enero hasta julio del 2011. Resultados: predominaron los gerontes de 80-89 años y las fracturas de caderas como las lesiones más frecuentes. Entre los principales factores de riesgo extrínsecos figuraron: mobiliario inestable, suelos irregulares e iluminación insuficiente; los intrínsecos fueron hipertensión arterial, alteraciones visuales y osteoarticulares. Según el índice de Bather y la escala de Lawton, la mayoría de los afectados mostraron un grado de dependencia leve para el primero y de 3-4 actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria, para el segundo. Conclusiones: el riesgo de caída fue mayor en las féminas y aumentó con la edad; influyeron factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos, asi como el grado de dependencia que poseían.


Introduction: aging produces changes in the elderly which cause his functional deterioration and generates situations of disability. Objective: to determine the risk factors associated to falls in the elderly, according to dependence. Methods: a descriptive and cross sectional study of 57 patients who received orthopedic care in Guanabo health area of Habana del Este municipality was carried out from January to July, 2011. Results: elderly from the age group 80-89 and hips fractures as the most frequent lesions prevailed. Among the main extrinsic risk factors there were: unstable furniture, irregular floors and insufficient illumination; the intrinsic ones were hypertension, visual and osteoarticular changes. According to the index of Bather and the Lawton scale, most of the affected patients showed a degree of mild dependence for the index of Bather and 3-4 instrumental activities of the daily life, for the Lawton scale. Conclusions: the fall risk was higher in the females and it increased with age; intrinsic and extrinsic factors influenced, as well as the degree of dependence they had.


Assuntos
Acidentes por Quedas , Idoso , Fatores de Risco
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