Ageing and ageing cities: healthy and functional / Envelhecimento e cidades envelhecidas: saudável e funcional

By 2050, 70% of the population will live in cities. The majority of the persons living in cities will be 60 plus years old. Ageing cities demands for cities environments to adapt to an ageing population. Modern cities though, don't anticipate fast enough and in an adequate manner to face the challenges due to population-related transitions. Modifying and adapting the built environment with a focus on the aged population could help to support older people facing functional and cognitive decline.(AU)

Em 2050, 70% da população viverá nas cidades. A maioria das pessoas que vivem nas cidades terá 60 anos ou mais. O envelhecimento das cidades exige que os ambientes das cidades se adaptem ao envelhecimento da população. No entanto, as cidades modernas não se antecipam de forma rápida e adequada para enfrentar os desafios decorrentes das transições relacionadas à população. Modificar e adaptar o ambiente construído com foco na população idosa pode ajudar a apoiar os idosos que enfrentam declínio funcional e cognitivo.(AU)

Factors linked to the practice of physical activity among the elderly in southern brazil / Fatores associados á prática de atividade física entre idosos no sul do brasil / Factores asociados a la actividad física entre ancianos en el sur de brasil

ABSTRACT Introduction The increase in chronic diseases and physical inactivity are major public health problems among elderly populations worldwide. Objective This article aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with the practice of physical activity (PA) among elderly people living in urban environment. Methods A cross-population-based study was conducted in 2014, with 196 elderly people aged ≥ 60 years of age living in urban environment in the city of Passo Fundo, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Gross and multivariable analyses were conducted using Poisson regression, estimating the ratios of gross and adjusted prevalence and calculating their respective 95% confidence intervals. Results The mean age was 71.3 (± 8.4). The gross prevalence for the practice of PA was 56.1%. After adjusted analysis, only the variable independent in activities of daily living (ADLs) remained significant (95% CI 1.05 to 4.83) (p = 0.037). Conclusions This research showed an association between the practice of PA and independence in ADLs. Level of Evidence II, Economic and decision analysis - Development of economic model or decision.

RESUMO Introdução O aumento das doenças crônicas e da inatividade física são problemas importantes de saúde pública da população idosa do mundo. Objetivo Este artigo objetivou determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à prática de atividade física (AF) entre idosos domiciliados em ambiente urbano. Métodos Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado em 2014, com 196 idosos com ≥ 60 anos que vivem em ambiente urbano do município de Passo Fundo, RS. Foram realizadas análises bruta e multivariável mediante regressão de Poisson, estimando-se as razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada, calculando-se os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados A média de idade foi de 71,3 (± 8,4). A prevalência bruta de prática de AF foi de 56,1%. Depois de ajuste da análise, somente a variável independente das atividades da vida diária (AVD) permaneceu significativa (IC de 95% 1,05-4,83) (p = 0,037). Conclusões Esta pesquisa mostrou associação entre a prática de AF e independência nas AVD. Nível de Evidência II, Análises econômicas e de decisão - Desenvolvimento de modelo econômico ou de decisão.

RESUMEN Introducción El aumento de las enfermedades crónicas y la falta de actividad física son los principales problemas de salud pública entre las poblaciones de edad avanzada en todo el mundo. Objetivo Este artículo tiene como objetivo determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con la práctica de actividad física (AF) entre ancianos que viven en entornos urbanos. Métodos En 2014, se realizó un estudio basado en poblaciones cruzadas, con 196 personas con ≥ 60 años de edad que viven en entornos urbanos en la ciudad de Passo Fundo en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Se realizaron análisis brutos y multivariables mediante la regresión de Poisson, estimando los ratios de prevalencia bruta y ajustada y calculando sus respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados La edad media fue de 71,3 (± 8,4). La prevalencia bruta de la práctica de AF fue 56,1%. Después del ajuste del análisis, sólo la variable independiente en las actividades de la vida diaria (AVD) se mantuvo significativa (IC del 95%: 1,05 a 4,83) (p = 0,037). Conclusiones Este estudio mostró asociación entre la AF y la independencia en las AVD . Nivel de evidencia II, Análisis económico y de decisión - Desarrollo de modelo económico o de decisión.

Analysis on the utilization of basic medical insurance for urban retirees in Y city in 2016 / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To explore the utilization of the basic medical insurance and the influence of age factors on the medical expenses of the retirees. Methods Descriptive statistics and variance analysis were used to analysis the 265 426 medical service use records of the retirees in Y city in 2016. Results Increase of age pushes up the utilization rate of retirees for hospitalization services and reduces the service utilization of chronic disease outpatient clinics. In total, the medical expenses are concentrated in the age of 60-70, and the total medical cost of the population decreases with age. The per-capita medical expenses of different age groups were different, the greater the age the higher the average.Conclusions The change of the disease spectrum such as higher incidence of chronic diseases poses a new challenge to the medical service system. Aging will continue to pressurize the medical security system. It is urgent to establish a healthcare system centering on the elderly and a sound medical insurance system.

Church-based Health Promotion in Jamaica for the Ageing Population / Promoción de la Salud Patrocinada por la Iglesia en Jamaica para la Población en Envejecimiento

ABSTRACT High-quality management of health conditions is critical among the ageing population as this group is more likely to have experienced health ailments. To eliminate the disproportionate number of African American seniors suffering health conditions and to encourage healthy behaviours, churches within the African American community have initiated health promotion programmes and services. Some of the available health education programmes started out as pilot projects and now function on a regular basis. Given the success of the accessible church- based health promotion programmes (CBHPs), health organizations and agencies now support and encourage these programmes for disease risk populations (ie African Americans and Hispanic communities). Accordingly, health agencies across the United States of America (US) recognize the need to promote healthier habits among African Americans and other vulnerable groups as statistics continue to show a gap within the US healthcare system. A CBHPP appears to be more practical for specific populations given that the promotions are often designed with cultural relevancy. The following commentary proposes similar faith-based health promotions in Jamaica as a means to provide and to make more available delivery of healthcare and quality of life in the ageing Jamaican population.

RESUMEN La gestión de alta calidad para crear condiciones de salud es crítica entre la población en envejecimiento, ya que este grupo presenta mayor probabilidad de haber experimentado dolencias de salud. A fin de eliminar el número desproporcionado de adultos mayores afroamericanos que padecen condiciones de salud y fomentar comportamientos saludables, las iglesias de la comunidad afroamericana han iniciado programas y servicios de promoción de la salud. Algunos de los programas de educación para la salud comenzaron como proyectos piloto y ahora funcionan de manera regular. Dado el éxito de la accesibilidad de los programas de promoción de la salud promovidos por la iglesia (PPSI), las organizaciones y agencias de salud ahora apoyan y estimulan estos programas para las poblaciones con riesgo de enfermedad (es decir, las comunidades afroamericanas e hispánicas). Por consiguiente, las agencias de salud por todos los Estados Unidos de América (USA) reconocen la necesidad de promover hábitos más saludables entre los afroamericanos y otros grupos vulnerables, por cuanto las estadísticas continúan mostrando una brecha en el sistema de salud de los Estados Unidos. Un PPSI parece ser más práctico para poblaciones específicas, dado que las promociones se diseñan a menudo atendiendo a aspectos culturales. El siguiente comentario propone para Jamaica similares promociones de salud basadas en la fe, como un medio de proporcionar y hacer más accesible el cuidado de la salud y la calidad de vida para la población jamaicana en proceso de envejecimiento.

Assessing Social Care Needs and Community Resources for Complex Patients

@#Improvements in medical science and increasing survival rates on a background of an ageing population have changed the disease demographics in Singapore towards one with an increasingly complex chronic disease burden. Many will need to tap on community resources to age gracefully in place. The increasing number of single elderly who live alone also provides a challenge as research has shown that they are the highest users of healthcare resources. In Singapore, there is no lack of schemes to help the elderly poor as compared to other countries in the region. The problem, rather, is that there are too many targeted help schemes – with varying criteria and limiting conditions attached. This leads to an application process that is daunting and has many gaps where some who will benefit from the schemes but don’t qualify because they don’t meet the providers criteria.

Community Resources for Patients and Caregivers

Dementia is a progressive brain dysfunction that leads to disintegration of ability to look after oneself and the need for community resources to minimise the resulting impact of the progressive disability. The various care services available in Singapore for elderly patients and their caregivers are: hospital based, community centrebased, community home-based, and nursing home based. New services for dementia care are: senior care centres (SCC), integrated community mental health and dementia support networks, and Community Intervention Teams (COMIT). The Mobile Eldercare Locator (MEL) enables users to search for health and social care services in Singapore based on specified eldercare needs of the individuals. Referral to community centre-based services such as day rehabilitation and dementia day care services and homecare services such as home nursing, home medical, and home therapy services are coordinated by AIC referral team. Family physicians can apply for such services either via hardcopy or online.

O idoso na contemporaneidade: a necessidade de se educar a sociedade para as exigências desse novo ator social, titular de direitos / The elderly in contemporaneousness: the need to educate society to the demands of these

Este artigo descreve o quadro de transformações históricas do Brasil, na segunda metade do século XX, para inserir aí a questão do idoso, numa perspectiva do envelhecimento da população. Situa as mudanças sociais, a perda de poder do idoso, fruto da urbanização e da modernização, com sua estrutura de empregos que transformou o antigo chefe da família extensa no aposentado. Propõe então medidas para recuperação da dignidade dessa importante "categoria sociológica", a partir da educação da nova sociedade. Sugere ainda que, para os professores de crianças e adolescentes que receiam lidar com o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, talvez um bom caminho para enfrentar a complexa área dos direitos humanos seja trabalhar com seus alunos na valorização da memória do idoso, o que significa ao mesmo tempo fazê-los adquirir conhecimentos e valorizar os mais velhos, reconhecendo-os como titulares de direitos.

This paper explores the historical framework of social changes, in the second half of the 20th century, in Brazil. It highlights the issue of the elderly within an ageing population. It then locates social changes as the power loss of the elderly, due to the urbanization and modernization whose new job structure has transformed ex-heads of extended families into retired people. Next, it proposes measures to rescue the dignity of this important "sociological category", based on the education of the new society. It suggests that, for teachers who do not dare to deal with the Children and Adolescent Statute (CAS), a good path to confront the complex area of Human Rights could be working with their students to value the elderly memories. This thus means that children and teenagers should get knowledge and value the elderly, acknowledging them as rights owners.