Granular cell ameloblastoma: A rare and unique variant

Ameloblastoma is a slow-growing and locally invasive epithelial odontogenic tumor of the jaw that runs a benign course in most cases. Granular cell ameloblastoma is a rare subtype of ameloblastoma, showing the granular transformation of its cytoplasm. It is considered as an aggressive variant of ameloblastoma. Herein, we report the case of a 34-year-old male patient who presented with a swelling in the left cheek for a 1-year duration with a recent rapid increase in size. Examination showed a 4 � 3 cm growth involving the left buccal mucosa and retromolar area. Imaging studies showed expansile lytic lesion mandible. Biopsy revealed neoplasm with odontogenic epithelial islands showing peripheral palisading of tall columnar cells with reversal of polarity and the center of the islands showing stellate reticulum-like cells which were markedly replaced by granular cells. Granular cells can appear in various odontogenic and non-odontogenic tumors. When there is extensive granular cell change in ameloblastoma, it should be differentiated from other oral lesions with granular cells including granular cell odontogenic tumor, granular cell tumor, and congenital epulis.

Carcinoma papilar de tiroides, variante de células altas: reporte de caso / Papillary thyroid carcinoma, high cell variant: case report

El carcinoma papilar de tiroides variante de células altas, descrito en 1976 por Hawk y Hazard, representa el 1% de los carcinomas diferenciados, siendo más agresivo e invasivo que la forma clásica y 80% de los casos se asocia con mutación B-RAF. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 49 años con tumoración dolorosa en cara anterolateral de cuello, que tuvo un crecimiento rápido, disfonía y lateralización del cuello a izquierda. En la ecografía de tiroides se vio en el lóbulo derecho un voluminoso nódulo mixto, predominantemente sólido, hipoecogénico, con micro calcificaciones, sin separación del plano graso con los músculos infra hioideos. Se realizó punción con aguja fina que resultó Bethesda VI. En valoración pre quirúrgico se encontró la parálisis de cuerda vocal derecha. Se realizó tiroidectomía total con vaciamiento central y lateral derecho. El estudio anatomo-patológico reportó un carcinoma papilar de tiroides variante de células altas de 33 x 40 x 27 mm en lóbulo derecho que contacta con la tinta china, evade la cápsula y presenta invasión perineural. Ocho ganglios de 18 analizados fueron metastásicos en el compartimento VI. Posteriormente se realizó rastreo corporal total con una dosis mínima de I131 y luego se administró 150 mCi de I131. El carcinoma papilar de tiroides, variante de células altas puede presentarse inicialmente con el compromiso locorregional y su correcto diagnóstico tiene implicancia en el pronóstico y su manejo terapéutico. Debemos pensar en variantes agresivas cuando al inicio ya encontramos elementos sugestivos de extensión extratiroidea, como en este reporte.

High-cell variant papillary thyroid carcinoma, described in 1976 by Hawk and Hazard, represents 1% of differentiated carcinomas, being more aggressive and invasive than the classic form, and 80% of cases is associated with a B-RAF mutation. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman with a painful tumor on the anterolateral side of the neck, who had rapid growth, dysphonia and lateralization of the neck to the left. On thyroid ultrasound, a voluminous mixed node, predominantly solid, hypo echogenic, with micro calcifications, without separation of the fat plane with the infrahyoid muscles, was seen in the right lobe. Fine needle puncture was performed, resulting in Bethesda VI. In pre-surgical evaluation, right vocal cord paralysis was found. Total thyroidectomy was performed with central and right lateral emptying. The pathology study reported a 33 x 40 x 27 mm high cell variant papillary thyroid carcinoma in the right lobe that contacted with the Chinese ink, evaded the capsule and presented perineural invasion. Eight lymph nodes out of 18 analyzed were metastatic in compartment VI. Subsequently, a total body scan wasperformed with a minimum dose of I131 and then 150 mCi of I131 was administered. Papillary thyroid carcinoma, a high-cell variant, may initially present with loco regional involvement and its correct diagnosis has implications for prognosis and therapeutic management. We must think of aggressive variants when at the beginning we already found elements suggestive of extra thyroid extension, as in this report.

Aggressive Variant Large Granular Lymphocytic Leukaemia: A Case Report

Clonal disorders of LGL may either be CD3+ CD56- or CD3- CD56+ phenotype and these have been designated as T-cell leukaemia (T-LGL) or natural killer cell (NK)-LGL leukaemia respectively. Clonality is usually demonstrated by clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement or identified by flowcytometry analysis. Most patients with T-LGL will have an indolent course. In this report we described an aggressiveness of disease in a patient with clonal CD3+ LGL leukaemia whose cells also co-expressed CD56 diagnosed by flowcytometry. The patient responded well to interrupt ALL standard risk protocol however succumbed to her disease while waiting for upfront stem cell transplant. This case highlights on both the classical laboratory findings of rare entity of disease as well as a review of the literature pertaining particularly on its management.