Diagnostic value of intestinal-gas-injection capsule endoscopy for small intestinal diseases / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of capsule endoscopy on the small intestinal mucosa in the state of air insufflation. Methods Patients undergoing capsule endoscopy from November 2011 to April 2012 were divided into the air insufflation intervention group ( n＝14) and routine examination group (n＝13) by random number table method. The detection rate of small bowel disease, the transit time of capsule endoscope in small intestine, the degree of intestinal cleaning and the degree of intestinal lumen expansion were compared between two groups. Results There was no significant difference in total intestinal examination rate [ 85. 71%( 12/14) VS 61. 54%( 8/13),P＝0. 209] or disease detection rate [ 71. 43%(10/14) VS 84. 62%( 11/13), P＞0. 05] between air insufflation intervention group and conventional examination group. The mean procedure time of the air insufflation intervention group was 270. 86 ± 144. 85 min, which was shorter than that of the conventional examination group (325. 15±161. 76 min, P＝0. 369). The overall cleanliness of the air insufflation intervention group was higher than that of the conventional examination group (2. 05±0. 40 VS 1. 75±0. 40,P＝0. 060). The overall degrees of expansion of small intestine lumen were 1. 79 ± 0. 40 and 1. 38 ± 0. 29 scores, respectively ( P ＝ 0. 004 ). Conclusion Capsule endoscopy can significantly improve the degree of intestinal lumen expansion with trend of improving the overall cleanliness of the small intestine, and shortening the working time of the small intestine.

Water infusion versus air insufflation during the insertion phase of unsedated colonoscopy: a single-center single blind randomized controlled trial / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To compare effects of warm water infusion and air insufflation on patient tolerance and satisfaction during the insertion phase of unsedated colonoscopy.Methods In a single-center,prospective,single blind randomized trial,patients were randomly assigned to three groups (water infusion group,air insufflation group,or hybrid method group) during the insertion phase of colonoscopy.Main outcome measurements included insertion time,cecal intubation rate,adenoma detection rate,the rate of position change,the rate of abdominal compression,intraoperative pain and distension VAS scores,postoperative pain and distension VAS scores.Results A total of 180 cases were enrolled,60 in each group.Patients in water infusion group and hybrid method group required less abdominal compression or position change,longer insertion time,reported lower intraoperative pain and distension VAS scores than air insufflation group during the insertion phase of colonoscopy.There were no significant differences in cecal intubation rates,adenoma detection rates,postoperative pain and distension or VAS scores among three groups.Conclusion Water infusion significantly decreases patient abdominal pain and distension during the insertion phase of colonoscopy without affecting cecal intubation rate and adenoma detection rate.

Carbon Dioxide versus Air Insufflation in Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with air insufflation is commonly used for the staging and treatment of early gastric carcinoma. However, carbon dioxide (CO2) use has been shown to cause less post-procedural pain and fewer adverse events. The objective of this study was to compare the post-procedural pain and adverse events associated with CO₂ and air insufflation in ESD. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted for randomized control trials (RCTs) comparing the two approaches in ESD. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to analyze the data. The mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. RESULTS: Four RCTs with a total of 391 patients who underwent ESD were included in our meta-analysis. The difference in maximal post-procedural pain between the two groups was statistically significant (MD, -7.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], -13.6 – -1.21; p=0.020). However, no significant differences were found in the length of procedure, end-tidal CO2, rate of perforation, and postprocedural hemorrhage between the two groups. The incidence of overall adverse events was significantly lower in the CO2 group (OR, 0.51; CI, 0.32–0.84; p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS:: CO2 insufflation in gastric ESD is associated with less post-operative pain and discomfort, and a lower risk of overall adverse events compared with air insufflation.

Experiencia preliminar con insuflacion de dióxido de carbono versus aire en colonoscopia ambulatoria con sedación sin monitoreo de anestesiología / Preliminary experience with carbon dioxide versus air insufflation in outpatient colonoscopies with sedation in absecence of anesthesiology monitoring

Introducción: El dióxido de carbono (CO2) es un gas rápidamente absorbido de la luz intestinal previniendo distensión abdominal, disminuyendo dolor intra y post procedimiento, requerimientos de sedación y duración del procedimiento. Objetivo: Comparar el efecto de la insuflación con CO2 y aire en el tiempo de intubación y extubación colónica, dosis de anestésicos y dolor abdominal en pacientes sedados sin monitoreo anestesiológico. Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, randomizado, hospital terciario (enero-mayo 2013). Pacientes y Métodos: 72 pacientes fueron sometidos a colonoscopia por un endoscopista experto. Pacientes con previa cirugía de colon, mala preparación, colonoscopias terapéuticas (resección y disección) fueron excluídos. 63 pacientes completaron el estudio, insuflación con aire (33) y CO2 (30). Videocolonoscopio Olympus 180 y Bomba CO2 UCR Olympus fueron usados. Tiempo intubación del ciego y extubación colon, dosis de anestésicos y dolor abdominal (post-procedimiento, 30 min y 24 horas) fueron evaluados. Resultados: De los pacientes insuflados con aire 7(21,2%) presentaron dolor inmediatamente post colonoscopia vs 2(6,7%) CO2 (p = 0,198), a los 30 minutos: 4 (12,1%) grupo aire vs 2 (6,7%) CO2 (p = 0,759) y a las 24 horas: 0 (0%) aire vs 2 (6,7%) CO2 (p = 0,431). Intubación cecal 4,5 ± 2,0 minutos grupo aire vs 3,9 ± 2,1 CO2 (p = 0,876) Extubación colon aire vs CO2 (3,9± 3,3 vs 5,7 ± 4,5 min) (p = 0,081). Del grupo aire 14 pacientes (42,2%) tenían cirugía abdominal previa vs 16 (53,3%) CO2 (p = 0,540). En el grupo CO2 se realizó terapéutica endoscópica 20 vs 11 pacientes grupo aire (p = 0,0771) Dosis Propofol 159 ± 40 mg aire vs 153 ± 63 mg CO2 (p = 0,642). Uso analgésicos post procedimiento 7 (21,21%) aire vs 4 (13,33%) CO2 (p = 0,624). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados demuestran que pareciese ser que el CO2 no beneficia intubación y extubación del colon, reducción del dolor abdominal post procedimiento, dosis de propofol y uso de analgésicos en pacientes sedados sin monitoreo de anestesiología.

Introduction: Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is rapidly absorbed from the intestinal lumen preventing bloating, reducing intra-and post-procedure pain, sedation requirements and duration of the procedure. Objective: To compare the effect of CO2 and air insufflation at the time of intubation and extubation colonic doses of anesthetic and abdominal pain in patients without monitoring anesthesiologist sedated. Design: Prospective, randomized, tertiary hospital (January- May 2013). Patients and Methods: 72 patients underwent colonoscopy by an experienced endoscopist. Patients with prior colon surgery, poor preparation, therapeutic colonoscopies (resection and dissection) were excluded. 63 patients completed the study, air insufflation (33) and CO2 (30). Videocolonoscopio Olympus 180 and Olympus UCR CO2 pump were used. Blind intubation time extubation colon, anesthetic doses and abdominal pain (post-procedure, 30 min and 24 hours) were evaluated. Results: Of the seven patients insufflated with air (21.2%) had pain immediately post colonoscopy vs 2 (6.7%) CO2 (p = 0.198), 30 minutes: 4 (12.1%) vs. air group 2 (6.7%) CO2 (p = 0.759) and 24 hours: 0 (0%) air vs 2 (6.7%) CO2 (p = 0.431). Cecal intubation group air 4.5 ± 2.0 minutes vs group CO2 3.9 ± 2.1 min(p = 0.876). Extubation colon group air vs group CO2 (3.9 ± 3.3 vs 5.7 ± 4.5 min) (p = 0.081). Group air 14 patients (42.2%) had previous abdominal surgery vs 16 (53.3%) CO2 (p = 0.540). In the CO2 group therapeutic endoscopy was performed 20 air group vs. 11 patients (p = 0.0771). Dose Propofol air 159 ± 40 mg vs. 153 ± 63 mg CO2 (p = 0.642). Use post-procedure pain 7 (21.21%) air vs. 4 (13.33%) CO2 (p = 0.624). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that seemed to be that the CO2 does not benefi t bowel intubation and extubation, abdominal pain reduction post procedure, dose of propofol and analgesic use in monitoring sedated patients without anesthesia.

Application of dual lumen gastrointestinal tube with air insufflation technique in mechanical ventilation patients with intra-abdominal hypertension / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the application effect of nasal gastrointestinal double lumen catheter tube placement with air insufflation in mechanically ventilated patients with intra-abdominal hypertension.Methods A total of 20 patients with intra-abdominal hypertension were randomly divided into control group and observation group (n=10 in each group).Patients in control group received indwelling nasogastric tube for decompression and indwelling nasal intestine tube by air insufflation for enteral nutrition support .Patients in observation group received the dual lumen gastrointestinal tube for decompression and enteral nutrition support.The time required for catheterization,changes in intra-abdominal pressure before and after air insufflation,catheter success rate at one attempt,pain scores of patients to catheter operation, duration of decompression,enteral nutrition start time and the duration of mechanical ventilation were compared between two groups.Results The time required for catheterization,catheter air insufflation volume in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P 0.05 ).Conclusions The technique of air insufflation has higher success rate for Indwelling nasal intestine tube in mechanically ventilated patients with intra-abdominal hypertension,and this method is safe and reliable,dual lumen gastrointestinal tube can improve patients'comfort,shorter catheterization time and reduce catheter air insufflation volume.

Analysis of Esophageal Voice: Videofluoroscopic & Acoustic Study / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Advanced laryngeal cancer is frequently treated by total laryngectomy. This operation is effective but results in gross functional disability because of the permanent loss of voice. As an alternative using voice, esophageal speech has been employed as a natural and satisfactory means of communication for laryngectomized patients. Unfortunately, during past decades the success rate has ranged 40-60%. The purpose of this study was to determine which factors contribute to the proficiency of esophageal speech. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Videofluoroscopy and voice analysis of fourteen alaryngeal male patients who had trained esophageal speech were performed. RESULTS: Aerophagia and air ejection were impossible in poor esophageal speakers. Fluent esophageal speakers had short pseudoglottis, longer maximum phonation time, more efficient jitter, shimmer and harmonic-to-noise ratio. CONCLUSION: Aerophagia and air ejection are essential for esophageal speech. Short pseudoglottis (less than 2 cm) affords better esophageal speech. Natural repetitive movements of aerophagia and air ejection with accurate articulatory motion can improve the quality of esophageal speech.

Fatal Venous Air Embolism during Lung Surgery / 대한마취과학회지

Venous air embolism (VAE) can be a lethal complication of surgical procedures during which (1) venous pressure at the site of surgery is subatmospheric or (2) air (or gas) is forced under pressure into a body cavity. We experienced a case of fatal massive venous air embolism during lung surgery in a 52 years old patient undergoing a right upper lobectomy and right lower lobe superior segment wedge resection for lung cancer. Anesthetic induction and the initial intraoperative course were completely uneventful until sudden severe hypotension and abrupt bradycardia occurred after artificial air insufflation into the intraabdominal cavity through the diaphragm to reduce the dead space of the thoracic cavity. We considered a venous air embolism as the etiology of these events and treated the patient with manual cardiac massage, various cardiotonic drugs and removal of air through the right atrium. The patient was extubated at 3 days after surgery and discharged from the hospital without the complication of the venous air embolism.

A Clinical Observation of Intussusception in Infants and Children: Comparing the results of barium enema with that of controlled air insufflation

Intussusception which is the mot frequent cause of intestinal obstrucsion in childhood, is the invagination of a segment of the gastrointestinal tract into an adjacent segment. Since 1927, barium enema under fluoscopic guidance has been used widely as a therapeutic method. In 1953, Fiorito and Cuestas reported the use of controlled insufflation of air for diagnosis and treatment of intussusception. This method has several advantages than barium enema for diagnosis and treatment, with its simplisity, fast diffusion of air, clear-cut visualization of intussusception, no contraindications, and no interference with the normal physiology of bowel. We compared the results of treatment with barium enema in 117 cases with that of controlled air insu-fflation in 50 cases from January, 1976 to Octover, 1981. The results were summarized as follows 1) Age and sex distribution of the overall cases: 82% of the patients were under 1 year of age(the peak incidence was 4~8 months of age) with the predominence of male(2.2:1). 2) Growth percentile comparing with Korean standard data: 67% of the patient were above 50 porcentile. 3) Seasonal incidence: slight prevalence was noted during spring, but not significant. 4) Etiologic factors: 97% of the patient were idiopathic and only 3% of the cases had organic causes. 5) Cardinal symptoms and signs: abdominal pain and irritability 82%, vomiting 76%, bloody mucous stool 64%, and abdominal mass 50.3%. 6) The most common type of intussusception is ileo-colic. 7) Reduction rate: 68.4% for barium enema and 92% for controlled air insufflation(p<0.01). 8) Recurrence rate: 12.5% for barium enema and 8% for controlled air insufflation. 9) Recurrence interval of overall cases is the most frequently from one month to 6 months after reduction. 10) Perforation: One case with barium enema and 2 cases with controlled air insufflation. 11) Duration and pressure requiring to reduce by controlled air insufflation: 84.8% of cases reduced within 30 min. and the pressure required to reduce was about 61 mmHg to 100 mmHg in 73.9% of cases.