Autonomia da pessoa com problema de álcool: consentimento informado / Autonomy of individuals with alcohol-related disorders: informed consent / Autonomía de la persona con problema relacionado al alcohol: consentimiento informado

Resumo O consentimento livre e esclarecido, como forma de garantir envolvimento e participação em tratamento, é parte da abordagem terapêutica à pessoa com problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool. O valor ético central da autonomia e sua imanência para o consentimento informado apresenta desafios ético-clínicos no caso de pessoa que busca tratamento em situação de coerção, ansiedade ou depressão. Entre abril de 2018 e junho de 2019, conduziu-se estudo observacional longitudinal prospetivo que incluiu 150 pessoas com problemas relacionados ao uso de álcool assistidas em unidade especializada de tratamento. O objetivo foi verificar se o consentimento com interferência de coerção, perturbação de ansiedade ou depressão determina a participação terapêutica. A ausência de coerção judicial e sintomatologia ansiosa e a maior valorização da perceção de autonomia no consentimento informado relacionaram-se com a participação. Propõem-se contributos para reforçar a prática do consentimento informado assente no reconhecimento e promoção da autonomia.

Abstract Informed consent, as a way to ensure involvement and treatment adherence, is part of the therapeutic approach to individuals with alcohol-related disorders. Autonomy, as a core ethical value, and its immanence for informed consent presents ethical-clinical challenges in the case of individuals seeking treatment due to coercion, anxiety, or depression. Between April 2018 and June 2019, a prospective longitudinal observational study was conducted with 150 people with alcohol-related disorders attending a specialized treatment facility. The goal was to verify whether consent obtained under coercion, or influenced by anxiety disorder or depression determines therapeutic participation. Absence of judicial coercion and anxious symptomatology and the greater value placed on perceived autonomy in informed consent were related to participation. The study proposes contributions to strengthen the practice of obtaining informed consent based on the recognition and promotion of autonomy.

Resumen El consentimiento informado, que garantiza comprometimiento y participación en el tratamiento, forma parte del enfoque terapéutico del manejo de la persona con problemas relacionados al consumo de alcohol. El valor ético de la autonomía y su inmanencia para el consentimiento informado tiene desafíos ético-clínicos en el caso de personas que buscan tratamiento en situación de coerción, ansiedad o depresión. Entre abril de 2018 y junio de 2019 se realizó un estudio observacional longitudinal prospectivo con 150 personas con problemas relacionados al consumo de alcohol, asistidas por un centro de tratamiento especializado. Este estudio pretendió confirmar si el consentimiento por coerción, trastorno de ansiedad o depresión influye en la participación terapéutica. La ausencia de coerción judicial y de síntomas ansiosos, así como la mayor autonomía en el consentimiento se relacionaron con la participación. Se proponen aportes para reforzar la práctica del consentimiento informado desde el reconocimiento y promoción de la autonomía.

Sleep and Alcohol / 수면정신생리

Alcohol has been used as sedatives historically. The effect of alcohol on sleep is different according to its dose, timing of ingestion, and drinking frequency. Sleep problems may play a role in the development and course of alcohol-related disorders. Insomnia in alcohol-dependent patients is common and early treatment of insomnia may reduce the rate of relapse. Sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, periodic limbs movement disorder, and altered circadian rhythm may be more frequent in this patients. Management of sleep and alcohol problems is important in treating alcohol-related disorder and sleep disorders, respectively.

Intervenções breves para uso problemático de álcool: potencial de aplicação na prática do enfermeiro / Brief interventions on problematic alcohol consumption: potential for application in nursing practice / Intervenciones breves para uso problemático de alcohol: potencial de aplicación en la práctica del enfermero

O controle do uso problemático de álcool é uma das prioridades da saúde pública mundial. O objetivo deste manuscrito foi apresentar a finalidade, os principais elementos e a aplicabilidade das intervenções breves para o uso problemático de álcool, bem como refletir sobre seu potencial de aplicação na prática do enfermeiro. Para tanto, conduziu-se uma revisão narrativa de artigos científicos selecionados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Pela oportunidade de atuação do enfermeiro em diversos cenários, ele pode utilizar as intervenções breves durante a consulta de enfermagem assistindo seus pacientes no processo de tomada de decisão e em seus esforços para reduzir ou cessar o consumo de álcool. Assim o enfermeiro agirá preventivamente, exercendo sua autonomia profissional de maneira crítica e ativa, em direção a uma prática profissional cada vez mais responsável e autônoma.

Controlling problematical alcohol consumption is a public health priority worldwide. This manuscript presents the objectives, key elements and applicability of brief interventions on problematic alcohol consumption, as well as thinking about their potential applications to nursing practice. To this end, a narrative review was conducted of selected scientific articles in the Virtual Health Library. As nurses provide care in various different settings, they can use brief interventions during nursing to assist their patients in making decisions and in their efforts to reduce or cease alcohol consumption. In that way, nurses can act preventively, exercising their professional autonomy actively and critically, towards increasingly responsible and independent practice.

El control del consumo problemático de alcohol es una de las prioridades de la salud pública mundial.  El objetivo de este trabajo fue presentar la finalidad, los principales elementos y la aplicabilidad de las intervenciones breves para el uso problemático de alcohol, bien como reflexionar  sobre su potencial de aplicación en la práctica del enfermero. Para tanto, se condujo una revisión narrativa de artículos científicos seleccionados en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Por la oportunidad de actuación del enfermero en diversos escenarios, él puede utilizar las intervenciones breves durante la consulta de enfermería asistiendo a sus pacientes en el proceso de tomar decisiones y en sus esfuerzos para reducir o cesar el consumo de alcohol. De esta forma el enfermero actuará preventivamente, ejerciendo su autonomía profesional de forma crítica y activa, en dirección a una práctica profesional cada vez más responsable y autónoma.

Epidemiologic studies on depression and suicide

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is defined as a state of depressed mood, loss of volition and interest, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, sleep problems, poor appetite, loss of energy, and poor concentration, which causes disability in personal and social activities. Lifetime prevalence of MDD is 6.7% (4.8% in men and 9.1% in women), and has increased by 0.2% annually for the last decade. The risk factors for suicide are MDD, severity of the MDD episode, psychotic symptoms, first episode, and being male. The suicide rate was 31.2 per 100,000 persons in the 2010 report on Death and Causes of Death in Korea, which is the seventh highest incidence in men and first in women among 105 nations from the WHO report. The lifetime rate of suicide attempts in Korea is 3.2% according to the Epidemiological Survey of Mental Disorders in Korea 2011, which is higher than the rate of China, Japan, and Western countries. It is estimated that 1,200,000 persons in Korea have attempted suicide at some point within their lifetime. Seasonal variations in suicide indicate the association between suicide and MDD. Both rates of suicide and suicide attempts are the highest in May, when a total of 52.8% of those attempting suicide were diagnosed with MDD. Forty percent of recent suicide attempts are associated with MDD, and 73.7% with MDD or alcohol use disorder in the general population. In conclusion, suicide and suicide attempts are closely associated with MDD. Suicide is a medical condition that is treatable and preventable, and suicide rates can be reduced through early diagnosis and treatment for MDD and alcohol use disorder in Korea.