Mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine balancing Yin-Yang by targeting ERα/ERβ and its application in treatment of menopausal syndrome / 中国中药杂志

The coordination and unification of Yin and Yang are the basis of normal human life activities. Along with the age growth and aging of the body, women will suffer from menopausal syndrome during menopause. In addition to the significant changes in the genital system, there are also pathological manifestations in estrogen target points including bone, nerve and cardiovascular systems, due to the imbalance of Yin and Yang. Besides the insufficiency of estrogen, the main cause of menopausal syndrome is the changes in the response of target organs to estrogen. In other words, the biological effects mediated by estrogen receptor(ER) alpha and beta subtypes in target cells are often different or even opposite; the changes of expression level and ratio of ERα and ERβ are also important causes for the abnormal estrogenic effects in target organs and the imbalance of Yin and Yang of the body. Therefore, on one hand, the therapeutic mechanism of drugs is ER-mediated estrogenic effect. On the other hand, the drugs have a regulatory effect on ER subtype expression in target cells and Yin-Yang state in target organs and even organisms, so as to cause further changes in the response of target cells to estrogen or estrogenic components, and exert its therapeutic effects. This paper reviews the pharmacological mechanism of gynecological traditional Chinese medicine in harmonizing Yin and Yang in estrogen-positive target cells and the clinical efficacy in the following aspects, including estrogen and its mechanism, the estrogenic effect of ER in traditional Chinese medicine and the mechanism of ER subtype in balancing Yin and Yang and mediating and regulating the main target tissues in menopausal syndrome treatment.

Estudio inmunohistoquímico comparativo del receptor de estrógeno en tejido endometrial de ovejas razas Texel y Araucana / Comparative inmunohistochemical study of estrogen receptor in endometrial tissue from Texel and Araucana sheeps

La asociación de factores genéticos, nutricionales y ambientales afecta directamente la fertilidad de las ovejas sin embargo en condiciones de similitud ambiental, la raza es un factor determinante existiendo razas de alta fertilidad como por ejemplo Texel y Suffolk y otras de fertilidad estándar tales como Romney y Criolla Araucana. La fertilidad es modulada por las hormonas sexuales que actúan mediante la unión a receptores específicos. En ovinos el receptor de estrógeno alfa (ER-a) esta ampliamente distribuido en el sistema reproductivo y es responsable de la modulación de varios mecanismos asociados con la función del sistema reproductivo. Un factor posiblemente relacionado con la diferencia en la fertilidad entre razas de ovinos, es el nivel de expresión diferencial de estos receptores en el sistema reproductivo. En el presente estudio se realizo una comparación cuantitativa de la expresión inmunohistoquímica de ER-a se llevó en el endometrio de ovejas prepúberes de ovejas de alta fertilidad (Texel) y de fertilidad estándar (Araucana), mediante la medición de la densidad óptica integrada de la señal inmunohistoquímica en áreas específicas del endometrio. Los resultados indican una diferencia significativa entre la expresión del ER-a a favor de ovejas de raza Texel en todas las áreas de la raza del endometrio de ovejas prepúberes evaluadas. Esta expresión diferencial sugiere una posible relación entre la intensidad de la expresión de ER-a y la fertilidad en las razas ovinas estudiadas en este trabajo.

In breeding sheep high fertility rate is an important consideration factor. The association of genetic, nutritional and environmental conditions directly affects the fertility of ewes. There are high fertility sheep breeds (Texel, Suffolk) and other standard fertility breeds as (Romney, Criolla Araucana). Animal reproduction is modulated by sex hormones that act by binding to specific receptors. In sheep, alpha (ER-a) estrogen receptor is widely distributed in the reproductive system, modulating several mechanisms associated with reproductive system function. One factor possibly related to the difference in fertility between sheep breeds, is the differential expression level of these receptors in the reproductive system. In the present study a quantitative comparison of the immunohistochemical expression of ER-a was carried out in prepubertal sheep endometrium in high fertility (Texel) breed versus standard fertility (Araucana) breed, by measuring the integrated optical density in specific areas of the endometrium. Results indicate a significant difference between ER-a expression in endometrium off Texel breed ewes and Araucana breed ewes, and registered higher levels in all areas of evaluated Texel breed prepubertal ewes. This differential expression suggests a possible link between ER-a expression intensity and fertility in the breeds studied in this work.