Prolapso rectal encarcelado resuelto por procedimiento de Altemeier Reporte de caso / Incarcerated rectal prolapse resolved by the Altemeier procedure. About a case

RESUMEN El prolapso rectal tiene una incidencia estimada en la población general de 2.5/100000, con predominio del sexo femenino y en pacientes mayores de 50 años. La etiología es multifactorial, el prolapso rectal encarcelado es raro y constituye una urgencia quirúrgica. El procedimiento de Altemeier es una alternativa válida en estos casos por su baja morbilidad. Se describe a continuación un caso clínico de un paciente sometido de urgencias a rectosigmoidectomía de Altemeier, con buena respuesta en el posoperatorio y sin complicaciones post quirúrgicas.

ABSTRACT Rectal prolapse has an estimated incidence in the general population of 2.5 / 100,000, with a predominance in women and in patients over 50 years of age. The etiology is multifactorial, incarcerated rectal prolapse is rare and constitutes a surgical emergency. The Altemeier procedure is a valid alternative in these cases due to its low morbidity. A clinical case of a patient who underwent an Altemeier rectosigmoidectomy is described below, with a good response in the postoperative period and without postoperative complications

Surgery for Complicated Stomal Prolapse: Is the Altemeier Technique an Option? A Report of Three Cases / Cirurgia para prolapso de estoma complicado: A técnica de Altemeier é uma opção? Um relato de três casos

Abstract Introduction The incidence of stomal prolapse ranges from 2% to 22%. The risk factors include colostomy, the short length of the stoma, obesity, emergency surgery, and the improper (or even absence of) marking of the preoperative site for the stoma. Complicated stomal prolapse associated with severe mucosal irritation, ischemic changes, or bleeding requires surgical intervention. Objective To describe the use of the Altemeier technique in the management of cases of complicated prolapsed stoma after failure of the local medical measures and manual reduction. Methods Case series of three patients with past history of abdominoperineal resection of rectal cancer and permanent end colostomy presented with irreducible prolapse of the stoma. After the failure of the local measures and manual reduction, urgent surgical intervention using the modified Altemeier technique was necessary. Results The modified Altemeier technique is simple, presents low risk of operative and postoperative complications, besides enabling an early recovery, with a lower risk of recurrence during the first 6 months after the repair. Conclusion Themodified Altemeier technique may be a valid therapeutic modality in the setting of complicated prolapsed stoma.

Resumo Introdução A incidência de prolapso de estoma varia de 2 a 22%. Os fatores de risco incluem colostomia, comprimento curto do estoma, obesidade, cirurgias de emergência, e marcação não adequada (ou atémesmo ausente) do sítio pré-operatório para o estoma. Prolapso de estoma complicado e associado a irritação grave de mucosa, alterações isquêmicas, ou sangramento requer intervenção cirúrgica. Objetivo Descrever o uso da técnica de Altemeier para o manejo de prolapso de estoma complicado após fracasso das medidas médicas locais e da redução manual. Métodos Série de casos de três pacientes com histórico de ressecção abdominoperineal de câncer retal e colostomia terminal permanente apresentaram prolapso irredutível do estoma. Com o fracasso das medidas locais e da redução manual, fezse necessária intervenção cirúrgica de emergência usando a técnica de Altemeier modificada. Resultados A técnica de Altemeier modificada é simples e apresenta risco baixo de complicações operatórias e pós-operatórias, além de possibilitar uma recuperação precoce, com menor risco de recorrência durante os 6 primeiros meses após o reparo. Conclusão A técnica de Altemeier modificada pode ser uma modalidade terapêutica válida em casos de prolapso de estoma complicado.

Efficacy analysis of Altemeier and Delorme procedures for the rectal prolapse / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the quality of life after Altemeier and Delorme procedures for rectal prolapse patients.@*Methods@#A retrospective cohort study was performed. Clinical data of patients with full-thickness rectal prolapse undergoing surgical treatment in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from February 2013 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who had no preoperative imaging data, who suffered from internal rectal intussusception, or who did not undergo Altemeier and Delorme operations were excluded. Sixty-seven patients were enrolled, including 32 males with median age of 20.5 (13, 34) years and 35 females with median age of 65.0 (50, 77) years. According to different procedures, patients were divided into the Altemeier group (48 cases) and the Delorme group (19 cases), who received standard Altemeier and Delorme operations respectively. The maximal prolapse length of preoperative squat position, the Longo constipation score, Wexner incontinence score, EQ-5D-5L score, postoperative complications and recurrence rate were analyzed and compared between two groups.@*Results@#The maximal prolapse length of preoperative squat position in Altemeier group and Delorme group was (7.3±3.3) cm and (4.9±2.1) cm respectively with significant difference (t=2.907, P=0.005). The operations in both groups were successfully completed. The operation time and postoperative hospital stay of Altemeier group were longer than those of Delorme group [(112.3±47.0) minutes vs. (80.7±35.4) minutes, t=2.637, P=0.010; (11.3±5.0) days vs. (8.6±3.0) days, t=2.177, P=0.033]. The median follow-up period was 26 (13, 45) months. In the last follow-up, compared to pre-operation, the Longo constipation score [9.0 (6.0, 14.0) vs 4.0 (1.0, 6.5), Z=-4.989, P<0.001], Wexner incontinence score [0 (0, 5.5) vs. 0 (0, 2.0), Z=-3.325, P<0.001] and EQ-5D-5L score [45.0 (40.0, 57.5) vs. 80.0 (70.0, 87.5), Z=-5.587, P<0.001] were all improved obviously in the Altemeier group, meanwhile Longo constipation score [6.0 (5.0, 14.0) vs. 3.0 (1.0, 7.0), Z=-2.186, P=0.029], Wexner incontinence score [0 (0, 12.0) vs. 0 (0, 4.0), Z=-2.325, P=0.020] and EQ-5D-5L score [50.0 (35.0, 60.0) vs. 75.0 (65.0, 90.0), Z=-3.360, P=0.001] in the Delorme group were all improved obviously as well. The postoperative morbidity of complication between the two groups was not significantly different [10/48 (20.8%) vs. 4/19 (21.1%), χ2=0.049, P=0.826]. Sixteen patients (28.0%) relapsed after operation, including 10 patients in the Altemeier group and 6 patients in the Delorme group, without statistically significant difference (P=0.134).@*Conclusions@#Both the Altemeier and Delorme procedures are effective treatments for rectal prolapse, which can improve the postoperative quality of life. Delorme procedure has the advantages of shorter operation time and faster postoperative recovery in patients with mild prolapse.

Rectosigmoidectomía perineal (procedimiento de Altemeier) para el prolapso rectal encarcelado: reporte de un caso / Case report of perineal rectosigmoidectomy (Altemeier's procedure) for incarcerated rectal prolapse

Resumen Los reportes de prolapso rectal encarcelado son infrecuentes y suponen un reto para el cirujano. Para un prolapso encarcelado no estrangulado, los pacientes deben tratarse con analgésicos y colocarse en la posición de Trendelenburg; y deberían aplicarse medidas conservadoras al prolapso con presión manual simultánea. Si la reducción exitosa no se logra, entonces el paciente generalmente requiere una rectosigmoidectomía con abordaje perineal (procedimiento de Altemeier). Caso clínico: hombre de 57 años, sin una historia previa de síntomas o comorbilidades con predisposición para esta patología. Se presenta en el departamento de urgencias con un prolapso rectal encarcelado posterior a realización de esfuerzo 5 horas antes del ingreso. Se inician medidas conservadoras con colocación en Trendelenburg y aplicación de azúcar granulada tópica. Las medidas fueron infructuosas. El paciente requirió una rectosigmoidectomía con abordaje perineal e ileostomía de protección. El curso postoperatorio no tuvo complicaciones, hubo un excelente resultado después del cierre de la ileostomía y no hubo recurrencia. Discusión: el encarcelamiento conlleva a estrangulamiento a lo largo del tiempo, la cirugía generalmente está indicada si la terapia conservadora fracasa. Aunque tradicionalmente recomendada para los pacientes adultos mayores y pacientes con comorbilidades, los procedimientos perineales son una opción para todos los pacientes y la mejor opción para el prolapso rectal encarcelado.

Abstract Reports of incarcerated rectal prolapse are rare and pose a challenge to the surgeon. For a incarcerated prolapse that is not strangulated, patients should be treated with analgesics and placed in the Trendelenburg position. Conservative measures should be applied to the prolapse with simultaneous manual pressure. If successful reduction is not achieved, then the patient usually requires rectosigmoidectomy with a perineal approach (Altemeier's procedure). Case: The patient was a 57-year-old man with no previous history of symptoms or comorbidities that would predispose him to this pathology. He came to the emergency department with an incarcerated rectal prolapse after attempting to have a bowel movement five hours earlier. Conservative measures of placing the patient in the Trendelenburg placement and topical application of granulated sugar were used. These measures were unsuccessful, so the patient required a rectosigmoidectomy with a perineal approach and protective ileostomy. The patient's postoperative recovery was without complications and had excellent results after the ileostomy was closed. There has been no recurrence. Discussion: Incarceration leads to strangulation over time, so surgery is usually indicated if conservative therapy fails. Although traditionally recommended for elderly patients and patients with comorbidities, perineal procedures are an option for all patients, and this is the best option for incarcerated rectal prolapse.