Fatiga por compasión y autocuidado en profesionales de la salud. El campo del cuidado y la responsabilidad personal / Compassion Fatigue and Self-Care in Health Care Professionals. The Field of Caregiving and Personal Responsibility

Resumen Trauma vicario, estrés secundario y fatiga por compasión, son conceptos homologados para describir las alteraciones que padecen los cuidadores cuando está en juego la empatía en su trabajo cotidiano. Este fenómeno es una forma específica de burnout que emerge de las dinámicas que regulan el campo del cuidado y la relación paciente cuidador. En todo momento y principalmente en tiempos de crisis sociales y de salud, el profesional debe advertir la importancia de la responsabilidad personal del autocuidado, de modo que pueda intervenir esta relación, identificando la carencia o presencia de recursos psicológicos que favorecen la fatiga por compasión o la satisfacción por compasión respectivamente.

Abstract Vicarious trauma, secondary stress, and compassion fatigue are standardized concepts to describe the alterations suffered by caregivers when empathy is at stake in their daily work. This phenomenon is a specific form of burnout, which emerges from the dynamics that regulate the field of care and the patient-caregiver relationship. At all times, and, especially, in times of social and health crises, the professional should be aware of the importance of personal responsibility for self-care so that he can intervene in this relationship, by identifying the lack or presence of psychological resources, which favor compassion fatigue or compassion satisfaction, respectively.

Percepción de las demencias y la intersectorialidad en el contexto del Policlínico Docente Playa / Dementias' and intersectotiality's perception in to Teaching Polyclinic Playa's area

Introducción: Las demencias son consideradas la primera causa de discapacidad en los adultos mayores. A la vez, los ancianos, por lo general, suelen necesitar progresivas atenciones y, por lo tanto, se vuelven en cierta medida dependientes, contribuyendo así a la carga económica y al estrés psicológico de sus familiares, cuidadores, enfermeros y de sí mismos. Objetivos: Evaluar la percepción acerca de las demencias y la intersectorialidad en el área del Policlínico Docente de Playa. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en un universo conformado por actores de los sectores socioeconómicos de la comunidad, del cual, por muestreo intencional, se seleccionó un líder de los sectores: CDR, FMC, Cultura, Deporte, Institución Religiosa, Comercio, Gastronomía, Educación, Asistencia Social; y se incluyeron todos los médicos de la familia (14) y los 63 cuidadores (sector población), que cumplían con los criterios de selección. Se emplearon cuestionarios autoadministrados. Resultados: Las demencias fueron percibidas como problema solo por 59,8 por ciento de los encuestados; 95,2 por ciento de los cuidadores percibió dificultades para el control de las demencias en el contexto en contraste con los demás sectores; la intersectorialidad se consideró pertinente para el control de las demencias en 72,4 por ciento de las respuestas; principalmente a expensas de los cuidadores. 63,2 por ciento de los encuestados fue incapaz de mencionar elementos que favorecían la intersectorialidad y 59,8 por ciento percibió obstáculos. Conclusiones: De forma general, las demencias no fueron percibidas de manera adecuada, lo cual conspira contra la adopción de acciones intersectoriales encaminadas a un mejor control de sus causas y repercusiones, esta situación debe ser valorada a la hora de concebir acciones para su abordaje en el contexto estudiado(AU.

Introduction: Dementia is considered the first disability cause in bigger adults, the bigger dependence taxpayer; it overloads economic and psychological stress for sick persons, caregivers and relatives. Objective: To evaluate the perception about dementia and intersectoriality in the area of the Teching Polyclinic Playa. Method: It was carried out a descriptive study of traverse court in an universe conformed by the socioeconomic sectors of the community of which was selected a leader of the sectors, CDR, FMC, Culture, Sport, Religious Institution, Trade, Gastronomy, Education, Social Attendance by intentional sampling; also 14 doctors of the family and 63 caregivers. The approaches were picked up through a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Dementias were perceived as a problem only by 59,8 percent of the respondents; 95,2 percent of the caregivers perceived difficulties in the control of dementias in the context in contrast with the other sectors; the intersectoriality was considered relevant for the control of dementias in 72,4 percent; mainly at the expense of caregivers. The majority of respondents 63,2 percent were unable to mention elements that favored intersectoriality and 59,8 percent perceived obstacles. Conclusions: The dementias were not perceived adequately in the context, which conspires against the adoption of intersectorial actions aimed at a better control of their causes and repercussions(AU)

The Relations among Sociodemographic, Clinical and Psychological Characteristics and Quality of Life in Patients with Psychotic Disorders and Their Caregivers / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: Quality of life in patients with psychotic disorders and their caregivers has a important role on the treatment and relapse prevention of the patients. This study was intended to investigate the effects of patient's sociodemographic, clinical and psychological(self-esteem, social support and external control) characteristics, and caregivers' sociodemographic and psychological characteristics on quality of life in patients and caregivers. METHODS: The subjects were composed of 48 out-patients (schizophrenic disorder, mood disorders and other psychotic disorders) and 48 caregivers. Patients' clinical characteristics, patients' and their caregivers' sociodemographic, psychological characteristics(self-esteem, social support and external control) and quality of life were investigated. First of all, patients' self-esteem, social support, external control and quality of life were compared with caregivers'. After the correlations among each characteristics in patients and caregivers were calculated, the multiple regression analyses were conducted, where the predictable variables were those that had already shown significant correlations with quality of life. RESULTS: Patients' self-esteem and quality of life were significantly lower than their caregivers'. In patients, high socioeconomic status and self-esteem were correlated with high perception on the social support and quality of life. Also, the satisfaction to the medication was positively correlated with perception on the social support, quality of life and more external control. In addition, high compliance on medication and high perception on the social support were correlated with high quality of life. In caregivers, patients' onset age was positively correlated with caregivers' quality of life. Also, more caregivers' stress was correlated with their lower self-esteem, and higher caregivers' self-esteem was correlated with higher perception on the social support and quality of life. Furthermore, higher caregivers' perception on the social support was correlated with higher quality of life. The characteristics that predicted patients' quality of life significantly were self-esteem and perception on the social support, and the characteristics that predicted caregivers' quality of life significantly were caregivers' perception on the social support and patients' onset age. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that for improving the quality of life of patients and their caregivers, it was important not only to alleviate and treat the patient's symptom, but also to increase self-esteem and provide social support.