Relationship between dry eye disease and physical and mental health in primary and secondary school teachers / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the relationship between dry eye disease(DED)and physical and mental health in teachers, and to explore its mechanism and propose intervention measures.METHODS:Cross-sectional study. A total of 183 teachers from three primary and secondary schools in the urban area of Linyi City, Shandong Province were enrolled in the study. DED symptoms were quantified using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)questionnaire. A compact version of the depression, anxiety, and stress scale(DASS-21)was used to evaluate psychological state. The relationship between potential influencing factors and DED was evaluated by independent sample t-test of quantitative variables and χ2test of classified variables. Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis to determine the influencing factors of DED. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between OSDI score and depression, anxiety and stress.RESULTS: There were 183 teachers, including 44 males(24.0%)and 139 females(76.0%), aged from 22 to 57 years, with an average age of(34.2±8.6)years. The prevalence of DED was 60.0%(109/183; 95%CI 52.4%-66.7%). The prevalence of depression was 26.2%(48/183; 95%CI 19.8%-32.7%); anxiety prevalence was 39.3%(72/183; 95%CI 32.2%-46.5%); and stress prevalence was 23.0%(42/183; 95%CI 16.8%-29.1%). The univariate analysis showed that increased age, increased working years, increased visual display terminal(VDT)application time, longer written working hours, reduced sleep hours, less alcohol consumption, and high scores of depression, anxiety and stress were all factors affecting DED(all P<0.05). Using depression scores as the psychological index, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that years of work, VDT application time, written working hours, sleep time, alcohol consumption and depression score were the influencing factors of DED(all P<0.05); Using anxiety scores as the psychological index, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that years of work, VDT application time, written working hours and stress scores were the influencing factors of DED(all P<0.05); Using stress scores as the psychological index, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that years of work, VDT application time, written working hours and stress scores were the influencing factors of DED(all P<0.05). OSDI scores were positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress scores in the DED group(P<0.05)and across all participants(P<0.05). In the severe DED group, OSDI scores were positively related to depression, anxiety, and stress scores(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DED is high among the teachers. Alcohol consumption, reduced sleep, longer working years, longer VDT usage and longer written working hours are the influencing factors of DED. In severe DED group, DED is highly correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress. We should pay attention to teachers' DED and related physical and mental health problems, and actively prevent and make early diagnosis and treatment.

Factores asociados al miedo hacia el coronavirus en profesionales de la salud que laboran en el primer nivel de atención / Factors associated with fear of the coronavirus in health professionals who work at the first level of care

Introducción: El miedo es un trastorno emocional que puede manifestarse también en profesionales de la salud al enfrentarse a enfermedades infecciosas desconocidas. Esta emoción puede desencadenar síntomas depresivos, que van desde el desánimo, la fatiga y el desinterés hasta la falta de concentración. Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados al miedo hacia el coronavirus en profesionales de la salud que laboran en el primer nivel de atención durante el año 2022. Materiales y métodos: El presente estudio es de tipo observacional, transversal-analítico. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 200 profesionales de la salud que laboran en el primer nivel de atención. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo probabilístico de tipo aleatorio simple. Para determinar la prevalencia del miedo hacia el coronavirus se aplicó el instrumento "Escala de Miedo a COVID-19". Para identificar los factores asociados al miedo, se utilizó el instrumento de variables epidemiológicas y laborales. Los datos se procesaron utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSSv28. Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia del miedo al coronavirus del 72%, relacionada con los factores epidemiológicos con el ser de sexo femenino (p-valor 0.021) y los factores laborales tales como el tiempo trabajado (p=0.015) y el acceso al equipo de protección individual (p-valor 0.003), todos con un valor estadísticamente significativo. Conclusión: Los factores asociados al miedo hacia el coronavirus en profesionales de la salud mostraron un impacto significativo en el sexo femenino, en el periodo laboral de 6 a 10 años y el acceso diario al equipo de protección individual.

Introduction: Fear is an emotional disorder that can also manifest itself in health professionals when faced with an unknown infectious disease. This emotion can trigger depressive symptoms, ranging from discouragement, fatigue, and lack of interest to a lack of concentration. Objectives: To determine the factors associated with fear of the coronavirus in health professionals who work at the first level of care during the year 2022. Materials and methods: This study is observational, cross-sectional, and analytical. The study population consisted of 200 health professionals who work at the first level of care. A simple random probabilistic sampling was carried out. To determine the prevalence of fear towards the coronavirus, the instrument "Scale of Fear of COVID-19" was applied. To identify the factors associated with fear, the instrument of epidemiological and occupational variables was used. The data was processed using the statistical package SPSSv28. Results: A prevalence of fear of coronavirus of 72% was found, related to epidemiological factors with being female (p-value 0,021) and labor factors such as time worked (p=0,015) and access to equipment of individual protection (p-value 0,003), all with a statistically significant value. Conclusion: The factors associated with fear of the coronavirus in health professionals showed a significant impact on the female sex, in the working period of 6 to 10 years and daily access to personal protective equipment.

Estudio transversal sobre la calidad de vida y el riesgo psicosocial de trabajadores migrantes / A cross-sectional study on the quality of life and psychosocial risk of migrant workers

Introducción Las cifras migratorias sitúan a Chile como uno de los países sudamericanos con mayor número de migrantes. El presente estudio estimó la relación entre características sociodemográficas, calidad de vida y riesgos psicosociales laborales en migrantes trabajadores de la región del Maule. Métodos Estudio transversal con trabajadores migrantes entre 18 y 60 años, residentes en la Región del Maule (n = 145). Las encuestas aplicadas fueron: Cuestionario de riesgo psicosocial, Cuestionario de salud y calidad de vida y Cuestionario sociodemográfico. Se realizó un análisis estadístico bivariado con pruebas no paramétricas de U de Mann Whitney, Kruskal Wallis, correlación de Spearman y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados Un 21% de los migrantes mantuvo en Chile la misma actividad laboral a la que se dedicaban en su país de origen. Si bien la calidad de vida de la salud física y mental es adecuada, 52% presenta bajas demandas psicológicas en el trabajo, 48,9% bajos niveles de trabajo activo y habilidades de desarrollo, 57,7% tiene un nivel de alto riesgo en la compensación y la autoestima, y 65,5% un nivel de alto riesgo de doble presencia en el trabajo. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física presentan menor riesgo de mantener el equilibrio entre el esfuerzo y recompensa, poseen un trabajo de 44 horas a la semana y no llegaron a trabajar directamente al Maule. Los migrantes con mayor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud mental poseen menor riesgo en las demandas emocionales, perciben mayor apoyo social en la empresa y menor preocupación por las tareas domésticas. Conclusiones Los migrantes con menor calidad de vida en la dimensión salud física, presentan menores compensaciones en el trabajo, bajo reconocimiento, llegaron directamente a trabajar a la región y poseían trabajos con menos horas de contrato. Los trabajadores con menor calidad de vida en su salud mental exhiben mayor riesgo en las exigencias psicológicas en el trabajo, perciben bajo apoyo social en la empresa y preocupación por responder al trabajo doméstico y al asalariado.

Introduction Migration figures place Chile as one of the South American countries with the highest rate of migrants. The present study estimated the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life, and psychosocial occupational risks in migrant workers from the Maule region. Methods Cross-sectional study with migrant workers between 18 and 60 years of age residing in the Maule region (n = 145). The applied questionnaires were: a psychosocial risk questionnaire, a health and quality of life questionnaire, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. A bivariate statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal Wallis, Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression models. Results In Chile, 21% of the migrants maintained the same work activity as in their country of origin. Although the quality of life in physical and mental health is adequate, 52% have low psychological demands at work, 48.9% have low levels of active work and development skills, 57.7% have a high-risk level of compensation and self-esteem, and 65.5% have a high-risk level of double presence at work. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the physical health dimension have a lower risk of maintaining a balance between effort and reward; they worked 44 hours a week and did not work directly at Maule. Migrants with a higher quality of life in the mental health dimension have a lower risk of emotional demands, perceive greater social support in the company, and are less concerned about domestic chores. Conclusions Migrants with lower quality of life in the physical health dimension presented less compensation at work and recognition, came to work directly in the region, and had jobs with fewer contract hours. Workers with lower quality of life in their mental health exhibited a greater risk of psychological demands at work and perceived low social support in the company; they were concerned about having to respond to domestic and salaried work.

The impact of chronic comorbidity in elderly people on relatives’ physical and mental health during the nursing home confinement:A multiple mediator analysis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the relationship between chronic comorbidity and the physical and mental health of relatives of elderly people during the nursing home confinement, and to analyze the mediating effects of perceived stress and intolerance of uncertainty in this context. 【Methods】 A total of 568 family members of elderly people in nine elderly institutions in Shaanxi Province were selected. The survey included the short version of the Perceived Stress Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, and The World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index. The data were analyzed with Stata for correlation and mediation effects. 【Results】 ① The comorbidities of chronic diseases was positively correlated with the perceived stress (r=0.16, P<0.001) and intolerance of uncertainty (r=0.11, P=0.006) of the family members, but negatively correlated with the physical and mental health of the family members (r=-0.13, P=0.002). ② The mediating effect of perceived stress between chronic disease co-morbidity and physical and mental health of family members in older adults was -0.023, accounting for 18.8% of the total effect; the mediating effect of intolerance of uncertainty between chronic disease co-morbidity and physical and mental health of family members in older adults was -0.041, accounting for 33.5% of the total effect. 【Conclusion】 During closed management in a nursing facility, the physical and mental health of family members of older adults with chronic co-morbidities is poorer than that of family members of non-chronic co-morbidities. And it can lead to a decline in physical and mental health of family members through increased perceived stress and intolerance of uncertainty.

Ethics considerations on brain-computer interface technology / 生物医学工程学杂志

The development and potential application of brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is closely related to the human brain, so that the ethical regulation of BCI has become an important issue attracting the consideration of society. Existing literatures have discussed the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspectives of non-BCI developers and scientific ethics, while few discussions have been launched from the perspective of BCI developers. Therefore, there is a great need to study and discuss the ethical norms of BCI technology from the perspective of BCI developers. In this paper, we present the user-centered and non-harmful BCI technology ethics, and then discuss and look forward on them. This paper argues that human beings can cope with the ethical issues arising from BCI technology, and as BCI technology develops, its ethical norms will be improved continuously. It is expected that this paper can provide thoughts and references for the formulation of ethical norms related to BCI technology.

Combined physical training associated with multidisciplinary intervention in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: a study with n of 1 / O treinamento físico combinado associado à intervenção multiprofissional no tratamento do transtorno por uso de álcool: um estudo com n de 1

ABSTRACT Objective: Substance misuse can lead to several consequences for physical and mental health. Physical exercise is an important ally to pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment for substance use. However, the literature is still scarce regarding long-term interventions. Thus, this study aims to describe the acceptability and effects of combined physical training intervention (aerobic and strength). Methods: This study comprises an n-of-1 clinical trial that was performed with a 64-year-old male individual with alcohol use disorder. The treatment lasted 12 weeks and evaluated the association of multidisciplinary interventions on quality of life, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and anxiety. Results: The participant improved general quality of life (12.5%), no alterations were found for depressive symptoms, there was an improvement in cognition (20%), as well a reduction in the trait (16.2%) and state (14.7%) anxiety symptoms of the participant. Conclusions: These findings allude to the importance of non-drug therapeutic resources such as structured physical exercise, associated with other offers in the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

RESUMO Objetivo: O uso de substâncias psicoativas pode levar a diversas consequências à saúde física e mental. O exercício físico é um importante aliado ao tratamento farmacológico e psicoterápico para o uso de substâncias. No entanto, a literatura ainda é escassa em relação às intervenções de longa duração. Dessa forma, este estudo objetiva descrever a aceitabilidade e os efeitos de uma intervenção de treinamento físico combinado (aeróbico e força). Métodos: Este estudo compreende um n-of-1 clinical trial que foi realizado com um indivíduo do sexo masculino, de 64 anos de idade, com transtorno por uso de álcool. O tratamento teve a duração de 12 semanas e avaliou a associação de intervenções multiprofissionais sobre a qualidade de vida, sintomas depressivos, comprometimento cognitivo e ansiedade. Resultados: O participante melhorou a qualidade de vida geral (12,5%), não foram encontradas alterações para sintomas depressivos, houve melhora na cognição (20%), bem como redução nos sintomas de ansiedade traço (16,2%) e estado (14,7%) do participante. Conclusões: Esses achados aludem à importância de recursos terapêuticos não medicamentosos como o exercício físico estruturado, associados às demais ofertas no tratamento para o transtorno por uso de álcool.

Mielopatia ou paraparesia espástica tropical (HAM/TSP) e os domínios da SF-36 / Tropical spastic myelopathy/ paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and the SF-36 domains

Introdução: a paraparesia espástica tropical ou mielopatia associada ao HTLV (HAM/TSP) é umadoença infecciosa e inflamatória crônica, que pode interferir em vários aspectos da vida do indivíduo e, com isso, alterar sua qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: avaliar os domínios da escala SF-36 que mais contribuem para as alterações na qualidade de vida dos pacientes com HAM/TSP. Metodologia: nesse estudo observacional, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 49 pacientes diagnosticados com HAM/TSP do setor de Neurociências do Ambulatório Professor Francisco Magalhães Neto, na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, a qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo questionário de saúde Short Form-36 (SF-36), no período de fevereiro de 2019 a julho de 2020, e de fevereiro de 2022 a abril de 2022. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por análise estatística descritiva e testes de correlação de Pearson e Spearman. Resultados: foi observado que os menores escores do questionário SF-36, indicando pior qualidade de vida, foram relativos aos domínios vinculados às limitações físicas, capacidades funcionais e limitações emocionais, nessa ordem. Os melhores domínios, indicando melhor qualidade de vida, nessa população, foram saúde mental e aspectos sociais, demostrando que os pacientes com HAM/TSP relatam alterações físicas e emocionais em sua qualidade de vida. Conclusão:os domínios que mais alteraram a qualidade de vida dos pacientes com HAM/ TSP foram AF, CF e AE. Assim, utilizando-se da escala SF-36, profissionais de saúde podem identificar e intervir precocemente em domínios que comprometam a saúde física e emocional dos pacientes com HAM/TSP, alterando, consequentemente, sua qualidade de vida.

Introduction: tropical Spastic Paraparesis or HTLV-associated Myelopathy (HAM/TSP) is a chronic infectious and inflammatory disease that can interfere with various aspects of individuals life and, thereby alter their Quality of Life (QoL). Objective: to evaluate the domains of the sf-36 scale that most contribute to changes in the quality of life of patients with HAM/TSP. Methods: in this observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out with 49 patients diagnosed with HAM/TSP from the Neuroscience sector of the Professor Francisco Magalhães Neto Ambulatory, in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, quality of life was assessed using the Short Form Health Questionnaire Form ­ 36 (SF-36), from February/19 to July/20 and from February/22 to April/22. Data obtained were evaluated by descriptive statistical analysis and Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Results: it was observed that the lowest scores on the SF-36 questionnaire, indicating worse quality of life, were related to the domains linked to physical limitations, functional capacities and emotional limitations, in that order. The best domains, indicating better quality of life in this population, were mental health and social aspects, showing that patients with HAM/TSP report physical and emotional changes in their quality of life. Conclusion: the domains that most changed the quality of life of patients with HAM/TSP were PA, FC and EA. Thus using the SF-36 scale, health professionals can identify and intervene early in areas that compromise the physical and emotional health of patients with HAM/TSP, consequently altering their quality of life.

Use of prescribed psychotropic drugs among medical students and associated factors: a cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: The worldwide prevalences of anxiety and depressive disorders are 3.6% and 4.4%, respectively. Among medical students, many studies have indicated that the prevalences of these mental disorders vary between 19.7% and 47.1%, but there is a lack of information on psychotropic drug usage in this group of students. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of psychotropic drug use, adherence to therapy and main clinical and diagnostic indications relating to psychotropic drug use among medical students. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at a Brazilian private university in the city of Sorocaba, state of São Paulo. METHODS: Observational analytical cross-sectional study, conducted during the second semester of 2019, through a semi-structured online questionnaire, answered by first to sixth-year medical students. RESULTS: Among the 263 participants (41.7% of the 630 enrolled students), the current prevalence of psychotropic drug usage was 30.4%. This prevalence increased over the course and 90.7% of the drugs were prescribed at regular medical consultations (85.5% by psychiatrists). The main indications for psychotropic drug usage were anxiety (30.0%), depression (22.8%), insomnia (7.2%), panic (5.3%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (3.8%). Women were more likely to present diagnoses of depression and panic. Most of the participants used antidepressants and had good adherence to medications. Adequate sleep and regular physical activity were identified as protective factors against mental disorders. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of mental disorders among medical students is high, which justifies the use of psychotropic drugs. This study provides valuable information and recommendations for institutional educational actions to improve students' mental health.

MENTAL HEALTH STATUS OF GURUKULA TEACHERS IN TELANGANA STATE

An attempt was made in the present investigation is Aim: Mental health status of Gurukula teachers in Telangana state. Objective:To assess the impact of gender and designation on mental health status of Gurukula teachers. Sample: Sample for the present study consists of 120 teachers working in Gurukula schools of Warangal district of Telangana state. This study was using purposive random sampling method. Conclusions: Male teachers are better mental health status than female teachers and Post graduate teachers are better mental health status than trained graduate teachers.

Incorporações e usos do conceito de recovery no contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira: uma revisão da literatura / Incorporations and uses of the concept of recovery in the context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform: a literature review / Incorporaciones y usos del concepto de recovery en el contexto de la Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileña: una revisión de la literatura

Resumo O conceito de recovery no campo da saúde mental, oriundo do movimento de pacientes e familiares nos países anglo-saxões, tornou-se relevante para a compreensão de práticas de cuidado, valorizando aquelas que incorporem o protagonismo dos usuários e uma dimensão crítica dos métodos de tratamento. Tendo como objetivo investigar as diferentes perspectivas nas quais o conceito vem sendo compreendido e experimentado no contexto da Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileira, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura publicada no país sobre o recovery, tomando como critério de inclusão textos que relatam ou analisam experiências concretas de cuidado e que se definam como sendo 'baseadas no recovery'. Após ampla busca, foram analisados 32 trabalhos, entre artigos, dissertações e teses. O termo recovery aparece na bibliografia brasileira de saúde mental a partir de 2011, e os trabalhos concentram-se notavelmente nos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, ligados a instituições de ensino superior e pesquisa. Grande parte da produção não incorpora elementos-chave do conceito estudado, como o protagonismo de usuários, além de por vezes tomar recovery como sinônimo de reabilitação psicossocial. Apesar do avanço e da consolidação do campo da atenção psicossocial no país, a dimensão do protagonismo de usuários ainda é incipiente na experiência brasileira.

Abstract The concept of recovery in the field of mental health, originating from the movement of patients and families in Anglo-Saxon countries, has become relevant for the understanding of care practices, valuing those that incorporate the protagonism of users and a critical dimension of treatment methods. Aiming to investigate the different perspectives in which the concept has been understood and experienced in the context of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, an integrative review of the published literature in the country regarding recovery was carried out, taking as inclusion criteria texts that report or analyze concrete experiences of care and define themselves as 'recovery based'. After an extensive search, 32 works were analyzed, including articles, dissertations and theses. The term recovery appears in the Brazilian mental health bibliography from 2011 onwards, and the works are notably concentrated in the states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, linked to higher education and research institutions. Much of the production does not incorporate key elements of the concept studied, such as the role of users, in addition to sometimes taking recovery as a synonym for psychosocial rehabilitation. Despite the advancement and consolidation of the field of psychosocial care in the country, the dimension of the role of users is still incipient in the Brazilian experience.

Resumen El concepto de recovery en el campo de la salud mental, originario del movimiento de pacientes y familiares en los países anglosajones, se volvió relevante para la comprensión de las prácticas de cuidado, valorando aquellas que incorporan el protagonismo de los usuarios y una dimensión crítica de los métodos de tratamiento. Con el objetivo de investigar las diferentes perspectivas en que el concepto ha sido entendido y vivido en el contexto de la Reforma Psiquiátrica Brasileña, se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura publicada en el país sobre el recovery, tomando como criterio de inclusión textos que informen o analicen experiencias concretas de cuidado y que se definen a sí mismas como 'basadas en el recovery'. Luego de una extensa búsqueda, se analizaron 32 trabajos, entre artículos, disertaciones y tesis. El término recovery aparece en la bibliografía brasileña de salud mental a partir de 2011, y los trabajos se concentran notablemente en los estados de São Paulo y Rio de Janeiro, vinculados a instituciones de enseñanza superior y de investigación. Gran parte de la producción no incorpora elementos clave del concepto estudiado, como el protagonismo de los usuarios, además de tomar, en ocasiones, recovery como sinónimo de rehabilitación psicosocial. A pesar del avance y consolidación del campo de la atención psicosocial en el país, la dimensión del protagonismo de los usuarios aún es incipiente en la experiencia brasileña.

Experiências de mulheres vivendo com HIV gestantes ou lactantes num contexto de Moçambique: revisão integrativa / Experiences of pregnant or lactating women living with HIV in a Mozambican context: an integrative review

| OBJETIVO: Conhecer e documentar as experiências e as principais dificuldades vivenciadas pelas gestantes ou lactantes soropositivas. MÉTODO: Revisão integrativa da literatura com busca de produções sobre as experiências e principais dificuldades enfrentadas por mulheres vivendo com HIV/Aids, gestantes ou lactantes nas bases de dados BVS, periódicos da CAPES e SciELO, realizada em março de 2021. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas 256 pesquisas, publicadas no período de 2016 a 2021. Destacou-se que dos 256; 70 resumos são da BVS, 181 resumos dos periódicos CAPES e 5 resumos são da SciELO; apenas 18 artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos discutem a temática em causa. CONCLUSÃO: As mulheres HIV positivas gestantes ou lactantes podem vivenciar um sofrimento psíquico caracterizado pelo medo de infectar a criança durante a gestação, no parto ou durante a amamentação; referem ainda o receio de partilhar o diagnóstico de HIV positiva enquanto gestantes ou lactantes à família, e amigos para evitar a discriminação e estigmatização perante a sociedade que ainda não aceita que a mulher HIV positiva também tem o direito de ser mãe.

OBJECTIVE: Know and document the experiences and main difficulties experienced by HIV-positive pregnant or lactating women. METHOD: integrative literature review searching for productions on the experiences and main difficulties women face with HIV/AIDS, pregnant or lactating in the BVS databases, CAPEs, and SciELO periodicals, carried out in March 2021. RESULTS: there were identified 256 types of research published in the period from 2016 to 2021. It is highlighted that of the 256, 70 are BVS's researches, 181 are CAPES's researches, and 5 are SciELO's summaries; only 18 papers published in the past five years discussed the subject matter. CONCLUSION: The HIV positive pregnant or lactating women may experience psychic suffering characterized by the fear of infecting the children during pregnancy, on labor, or during breastfeeding; they also refer to be afraid of sharing the diagnosis of HIV-positive while pregnant or lactating to their family and friends to avoid the discrimination and stigmatization before the society that does not yet accept that HIV-positive women have the right to the motherhood.

Efectos del confinamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio sobre la salud física y psíquica de los comodorenses / Efeitos do confinamento social, preventivo e obrigatório sobre a saúde física e psicológica do povo de Comodoro / Effects of social, preventive and compulsory confinement on physical and mental health of Comodorenses

RESUMEN Durante algunos meses del 2020, los procesos de reclusión y aislamiento social obligatorios fueron una realidad impuesta por el gobierno argentino como medio preventivo frente a la pandemia del SARS-CoV-2. Rememorando el último hecho registrado de una situación epidemiológica similar, encontramos que el último hecho registrado fue en 1918, donde la epidemia de la gripe española causó al menos unos 50 millones de muertes en todo el mundo y que, desde el día de la fecha, aún no es clara la epidemiología de la misma ni su verdadero alcance. Es que actualmente no hay registros estadísticos certeros que muestren las afectaciones ocasionadas en el estado psico-físico de las personas, que han sido confinadas debido a las medidas preventivas que se toman frente a enfermedades infectocontagiosas y que se transita por una situación de tales características. En este estudio, se pretende describir algunos de los efectos autopercibidos por la población comodorense. Para tal fin, se diseñó y aplicó un cuestionario anónimo, contestado por 1093 sujetos (♀= 750 - ♂= 343), cuyas edades eran de 40±22 años y, con los datos obtenidos, se pudo concluir (P>0,05) que el confinamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio afectó la salud física y psíquica de los comodorenses, aumentando la inactividad física, los factores de riesgo asociado, modificando los hábitos alimentarios, afectando la calidad del sueño y provocando situaciones de inestabilidad emocional y repercusión económica.

RESUMO Durante alguns meses de 2020, os processos de confinamento social obrigatório e de isolamento foram uma realidade imposta pelo governo argentino como medida preventiva contra a pandemia da SRA-CoV-2. Recordando o último evento registado de uma situação epidemiológica semelhante, verificamos que o último evento registado foi em 1918, onde a epidemia de gripe espanhola causou pelo menos 50 milhões de mortes em todo o mundo e que, a partir de hoje, a epidemiologia da epidemia e o seu verdadeiro alcance ainda não é claro. Não existem atualmente registos estatísticos precisos que mostrem os efeitos sobre o estado psicofísico das pessoas que foram confinadas devido às medidas preventivas tomadas contra doenças infecciosas e que estão a passar por uma situação com tais características. Neste estudo, pretendemos descrever alguns dos efeitos auto percebidos pela população de Comodoro. Para este efeito, foi concebido e aplicado um questionário anónimo, respondido por 1093 sujeitos (♀= 750 - ♂= 343), cuja idade era de 40±22 anos e, com os dados obtidos, foi possível concluir (P>0,05) que o confinamento social, preventivo e obrigatório afetou a saúde física e psicológica das pessoas de Comodoro, aumentando a inatividade física, os fatores de risco associados, modificando os hábitos alimentares, afetando a qualidade do sono e provocando situações de instabilidade emocional e repercussões económicas.

ABSTRACT During some months of 2020, the processes of reclusion and compulsory social isolation were a reality imposed by the Argentine government as a preventive measure against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Thinking back to the last recorded event of a similar epidemiological situation, it was found that the last recorded event was in 1918, where the Spanish flu epidemic caused at least 50 million deaths worldwide and that, as of today, neither the epidemiology of the epidemic nor its true scope is clear. There are currently no accurate statistical records showing the effects on the psycho-physical state of people who have been confined due to the preventive measures taken against infectious diseases and who are going through such a situation. In this study, the aim is to describe some of the self-perceived effects by the population of Comodoro. For this purpose, an anonymous questionnaire was designed and applied, answered by 1093 subjects ((♀= 750 - ♂= 343), whose ages were 40±22 years and, with the data obtained, it was possible to conclude (P>0.05) that the social, preventive and mandatory confinement affected the physical and psychological health of the people of Comodoro, increasing physical inactivity, the associated risk factors, modifying eating habits, affecting the quality of sleep and causing situations of emotional instability and economic repercussion.

College students' physical and mental health exercise based on tennis / Exercício de saúde física e mental de estudantes com base no tênis / Ejercicios de salud física y mental para estudiantes universitarios basados en el tenis

ABSTRACT College students are often under great pressure, and their physical and mental health is the focus of attention in college education. In order to cultivate high-quality talents and relieve the pressure of college students, many colleges and universities have set up a variety of sports courses, including tennis courses. Analyzing the influence of tennis on the physical and mental health of college students, this study studies the situation of college students participating in tennis by consulting literature, designing questionnaires and using an experimental measurement method, while it constructs the physical health evaluation index and mental health evaluation index of college students. On this basis, this study evaluates the influence of tennis on students' physical and mental health. The results show that tennis has a positive impact on the physical and mental health of college students. Tennis can not only enhance college students' cardiopulmonary function and muscle strength, but also cultivate students' independent personality, eliminate depression tendency, make students independent, flexible and active, which is conducive to the development of students' mental health. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference for the research of college students' physical and mental health exercise based on tennis.

RESUMO Los estudiantes universitarios a menudo se encuentran bajo una gran presión y su salud física y mental es el centro de atención en la educación universitaria. Para cultivar talentos de alta calidad y aliviar la presión de los estudiantes universitarios, muchos colegios y universidades han establecido una variedad de cursos deportivos, incluidos cursos de tenis. Al analizar la influencia del tenis en la salud física y mental de los estudiantes universitarios, este estudio considera la situación de los estudiantes universitarios que participan en el tenis. Para ello usa la consulta de literatura, el diseño de cuestionarios y un método de medición experimental para construir el índice de evaluación de la salud física y la salud mental. Sobre esta base, este estudio evalúa la influencia del tenis en la salud física y mental de los estudiantes. Los resultados muestran que el tenis tiene un impacto positivo en la salud física y mental de los estudiantes universitarios. El tenis no solo puede mejorar la función cardiopulmonar y la fuerza muscular de los estudiantes universitarios, sino también cultivar la personalidad independiente de los estudiantes, eliminar la tendencia a la depresión, hacer que los estudiantes sean independientes, flexibles y activos, lo que favorece el desarrollo de la salud mental de los estudiantes. Se espera que este estudio pueda proporcionar alguna referencia para la investigación del ejercicio de salud física y mental de estudiantes universitarios basado en el tenis.

RESUMEN Estudantes universitários estão frequentemente sob grande pressão, e sua saúde física e mental é o foco da atenção na educação universitária. A fim de cultivar talentos de alta qualidade e aliviar a pressão dos estudantes universitários, muitas faculdades e universidades criaram diversos cursos de esporte, incluindo cursos de tênis. Analisando a influência do tênis na saúde física e mental dos estudantes universitários, este estudo investiga a situação dos estudantes universitários que praticam tênis através de consultas de literatura, elaboração de questionário e do método de medição experimental, enquanto constrói o índice de avaliação da saúde física e da saúde mental de avaliação dos estudantes universitários. Nesta base, o estudo avalia a influência do tênis na saúde física e mental dos estudantes. Os resultados mostram que o tênis tem um impacto positivo na saúde física e mental dos estudantes universitários. O tênis pode não só aumentar a função cardiopulmonar e a força muscular dos estudantes universitários, mas também cultivar a personalidade independente dos estudantes, eliminar a tendência de depressão, torna-los alunos independentes, flexíveis e ativos, o que favorece o desenvolvimento da saúde mental dos estudantes. Espera-se que este estudo possa fornecer alguma referência para a pesquisa do exercício de saúde física e mental dos estudantes universitários com base no tênis.

Estigma e saúde mental na atenção básica: lacunas na formação médica podem interferir no acesso à saúde? / Stigma and mental health in primary care: can gap in medical education interfer in access to health?

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar competências médicas marcadas pelo estigma contra pessoas com transtornos mentais, analisando, a partir do conceito de habitus de Pierre Bourdieu, a interferência da formação médica no pensamento e na ação dos médicos da atenção básica para a condução de casos de pessoas com esses transtornos. Utilizou-se o recurso metodológico da observação participante e uma aula aplicada por um psiquiatra para médicos da atenção básica em atividade de matriciamento. Descrevemos a estratégia pedagógica desenvolvida que, quando analisada, foi capaz de demonstrar estigmas nas competências de médicos com potencial consequência negativa no atendimento dos usuários, sendo identificados generalizações, reducionismos, desesperança e outros sentimentos negativos associados com barreiras de acesso ao cuidado.

Abstract This article aims to identify medical competencies marked by stigma against people with mental disorders. We analyzed, based on Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus, the interference of medical training in the thinking and action of primary care doctors to manage cases of people with those disorders. This research used features of participant observation on a lesson applied by a psychiatrist for primary care physicians in matrix support activities. We describe the pedagogical strategy developed that, when analyzed, was able to demonstrate stigmas in the competencies of doctors, with a potential negative consequence for healthcare, like generalizations, reductionisms, hopelessness and other feelings associated with barriers to access to care giving of that population.

Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

More than 220 million Chinese children and adolescents are confined to their homes because of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Thanks to the strong administrative system in China, the emergency home schooling plan has been rigorously implemented. Although these measures and efforts are highly commendable and necessary, there are reasons to be concerned because prolonged school closure and home confinement during a disease outbreak might have negative effects on children's physical and mental health. It is the responsibility and keen interests of all stakeholders, from governments to parents, to ensure that the physical and mental impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on children and adolescents are kept minimal.

Psychodermatology: An Association of Primary Psychiatric Disorders With Skin / Psicodermatología: asociación de trastornos psiquiátricos primarios con la piel

ABSTRACT The association of nervous system with skin is well documented. Many common psychiatric disorders can involve skin either directly or indirectly. We found an association of 13 primary psychiatric disorders leading to dermatological diseases, with association of 2 of 13 considered to be idiopathic. Association of the mind and body has long been studied. Several skin problems lead to psychological and psychiatric symptoms, however not all skin problems lead to psychiatric symptoms. On the contrary, many primary psychiatric illnesses appear to have associated skin disorders.

RESUMEN La asociación del sistema nervioso con la piel está bien documentada. Muchos trastornos psiquiátricos comunes pueden implicar a la piel directa o indirectamente. Se encontró asociación de 13 trastornos psiquiátricos primarios que llevan a enfermedades dermatológicas, y de las 13, asociación de 2 consideradas idiopáticas. La asociación entre la mente y el cuerpo se ha estudiado durante mucho tiempo. Varios problemas de la piel conducen a los síntomas psicológicos y psiquiátricos, pero no todos los problemas llevan a síntomas psiquiátricos de la piel. Por el contrario, parece que muchas enfermedades psiquiátricas primarias se asocian con trastornos de la piel.

New perspective in children and adolescents’ physical and mental health study: from positive youth development viewpoint / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective Positive youth development (PYD) perspective provides a new paradigm for children and adolescents’ physical and mental health research. It emphasizes children and adolescents’ s strengths and plasticity, as well as the impact of the interaction between individual and environment on children and adoleseents’ physical and mental health. This perspective enriches the comprehensive understanding of children and adolescents’ physical and mental health, and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for physical and mental health prevention intervention and interdisciplinary research. It also has an important impact on public policy development. The present paper systematically reviewed the theoretical models, empirical research and future prospects regarding the relationship between PYD and children and adolescents' physical and mental health based on the connotation structure and measurement development.

Desfazendo o “ Mau-olhado”: Magia, Saúde e Desenvolvimento no Ofício das Benzedeiras / Undoing the “ Evil eye”: Magic, Health and Development in the Craft of Folk Healers / Deshaciendo el “ Mal de ojo”: la Magia, la Salud y el Desarrollo en el Oficio de las Curanderas

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é compreender as experiências (pessoais, religiosas, sociais e culturais) e as transformações desenvolvimentais das benzedeiras ao longo de suas trajetórias de vida, bem como sua relação com a promoção da saúde em suas comunidades. Foram entrevistadas 10 benzedeiras residentes em cidades do interior dos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, com média de 62,5 anos de idade e de 26,2 anos de ofício. O referencial teórico empregado foi o da Rede de Significações, associado às contribuições etnopsicológicas. A maioria relatou a transmissão do ofício a partir de um familiar, destacando a prática da benzeção como algo que pode ser ensinado, aprendido e transmitido por meio da tradição oral. Mesmo assim, o ofício também é compreendido como um dom inato que atravessa o desenvolvimento, o que requer dedicação, paciência e abnegação. A dificuldade de transmitir o ofício aos mais jovens pode estar relacionada a uma maior urbanização, ao maior acesso a equipamentos formais de saúde, bem como revela a submissão da benzeção a uma lógica biomédica, dentro de um sistema de saúde que, por vezes, negligencia os sistemas populares de cuidado....(AU)

Abstract The objective of this study is to understand the experiences (personal, religious, social and cultural) and the developmental transformations of the folk healers throughout their life trajectories, as well as their relation with the promotion of health in their communities. Ten folk healers were interviewed in cities in the interior of the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, with a mean age of 62.5 years and a mean of 26.2 years in office. The theoretical reference used was that of the Network of Meanings, associated to ethnopsychological contributions. Most reported transmission of the craft from a family member, highlighting the practice of folk healing as something that can be taught, learned and transmitted through oral tradition. Still, the craft is understood as a gift that runs through the development, which requires dedication, patience and self-denial. The difficulty of transmitting the job to the younger ones may be related to greater urbanization, greater access to formal health equipment, as well as revealing the submission of the blessing to a biomedical logic, within a health system that sometimes neglects popular systems of care....(AU)

Resumen El objetivo del artículo es comprender las experiencias (personales, religiosas, sociales y culturales) y las transformaciones de desarrollo de las curanderas en el transcurso de sus trayectorias de vida, así como su relación con la promoción de la salud en sus comunidades. Se entrevistó a 10 curanderas, con una media de 62,5 años de edad y 26,2 años en el oficio, residentes en ciudades del interior de los Estados de São Paulo y Minas Gerais. El marco teórico utilizado fue la Red de Significados, asociado con contribuciones etnopsicológicas. La mayoría informó la transmisión del oficio de un miembro de la familia, destacando la práctica de curandería como algo que se puede enseñar, aprender y transmitir a través de la tradición oral. Aun así, el oficio se entiende como un regalo que atraviesa el desarrollo, que requiere dedicación, paciencia y abnegación. La dificultad de la transmisión del oficio a la gente más joven puede estar relacionada con el aumento de la urbanización, un mayor acceso a los servicios de salud formales, así como revelar la sumisión a una lógica biomédica dentro de un sistema de salud que a veces deja de lado los sistemas populares del cuidado....(AU)

Climaterio, salud y depresión, un abordaje psicosocial: Estudio exploratorio en un grupo de mujeres de la Ciudad de México / Climacterium, Health and Depression, a Psychosocial Approach Exploratory study in a group of women from Mexico City / Climatério,saúde e depressão, uma abordagem psicossocial: Estudo exploratório com um grupo de mulheres da cidade do México

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la salud en el climaterio y las manifestaciones depresivas. Estudio exploratorio, observacional y descriptivo, N=48 mujeres, aplicando Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) y la escala de Zung, para síntomas y manifestaciones depresivas. Se reportó: cansancio físico y mental, insomnio, dolores musculares, irritabilidad, sofocos y síntomas depresivos. La salud durante el climaterio es relevante para la clínica, la medicina preventiva y los cuidados en el envejecimiento.

The aim of the study was to evaluate health in the climacterium and depression manifestations. Descriptive, exploratory and observational study, N=48 women, evaluated through the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and through the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) for symptoms and depression manifestations. Physical and mental tiredness, insomnia, muscle aches, irritability, hot flushes and depression symptom were reported. Health during the climacteric is relevant for the preventive, clinic and ageing care.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a saúde no climatério e nas manifestações depressivas. Estudo descritivo, exploratório e observacional, N=48 mulheres, avaliadas por meio da Escala de Avaliação da Menopausa (Menopause Rating Scale, MRS) e da Escala de Auto-Avaliação da Depressão, de Zung (SDS), para os sintomas e manifestações depressivss. Foram relatados: cansaço físico e mental, insônia, dores musculares, irritabilidade, ondas de calor e sintomas de depressão. A saúde durante o climatério é relevante para a clínica, a medicina preventiva, e para os cuidados no envelhecimento.

Effects of family integrated care in neonatal intensive care unit on physical and mental health of premature infants and their mothers / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the effects of family integrated care ( FIcare ) in the neonatal intensive care unit ( NICU) on preterm infants and their mothers′physical and mental health.Method From Jan 2016 to Dec 2016, preterm infants(birth weight 1000~2000 g;gestational age 26~34 weeks stabilized in NICU were randomly assigned into two groups:FIcare group and control group .The incidences of major diseases in infants , their mothers′depression score and anxiety score were studied .Result A total of 40 infants were assigned into two groups respectively .No significant differences existed between the two groups in gender , gestational age , brith weight , age, breastfeeding rate and their mothers′depression score and anxiety score (P>0.05).At discharge, the breastfeeding rate (90.0%vs.52.5%) and weight gain [(2258 ±112) g vs.(2105 ±103) g] of the FIcare group were significantly higher than the control group, and the hospital stay duration [(42.0 ±15.7) d vs.(43.5 ±14.3) d], hospitalization expenses [(40,000 ±18,000) RMB vs.(44,000 ±19,000) RMB], oxygen therapy duration [(10.4 ±5.7) d vs. (11.7 ±7.9) d], CPAP duration [(7.2 ±4.3) d vs.(8.1 ±5.0) d], mothers′depression score [(48.7 ±3.0) vs.(57.6 ±2.7)] and anxiety score [(49.4 ±1.1) vs.(61.1 ±1.9)]of the FIcare group were significantly lower than the control group ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Family-integrated care is beneficial for the recovery of preterm infants and their mother′s physical and mental health .