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Objective@#To explore the characteristics of pain sensitivity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and to provide reference for clinical comprehensive intervention of ASD.@*Methods@#A case-control study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of pain sensitivity in 142 ASD children and 142 normal children using the items related to pain sensitivity in the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC). In addition, two recognized ASD model mice (BTBR mice and model mice induced by VPA) were selected as experimental group. The thermal pain threshold and mechanical pain threshold of BTBR mice were measured by electroshock seizure threshold and Von Frey filament test, and the differences of pain characteristics between BTBR mice and control mice were compared, the thermal pain threshold of model mice induced by VPA (VPA rats) was measured by electroshock seizure threshold, and the differences between BTBR mice and control mice (Con) were compared.@*Results@#There was significant difference in pain sensitivity between ASD group and control group (χ 2=0.81，P<0.05), and the sensitivity of ASD children to pain was significantly lower than that of normal control children. The pain sensitivity of BTBR mice and C57BL/6 mice on the 42 nd day after birth was measured. The T-test analysis showed that the time taken for BTBR and C57BL/6 mice to retract their feet on the 42 nd day after birth (3.62±0.38,3.02±0.33)s (t=3.28,P<0.01), and the mechanical pain threshold (9.75±3.58,0.55±0.93)s (t=7.44,P<0.01). The detection of thermal stinging pain in VPA rats and con rats on the 9 th, 11 th, 13 th and 15 th day after birth was detected. The results of t test were as follows:P9(11.34±1.38,9.81±1.64)g, P11(11.37±1.98,9.36±1.11)g, P13(11.53±1.38,9.51±1.01)g and P15(12.05±2.91,8.74±1.60)g (t=-2.79,-2.25,3.95,3.95,P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Compared with normal control children, ASD children show insensitivity to pain which is further supported by two types of animal models for ASD.
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ObjectiveTo study the effect of ischemia postconditioning intervention in a rabbit's acute mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury model.Methods 120 rabbits were divided randomly into Con( only expose SMA by operation),I/R( clamping SMA 30 min,reperfusing 120 min),IpostC1 ( clamping SMA 30 min,3 clamping 30 s/releasing 30 s round,reperfusing 117 min),and IpostC2 (clamping SMA 30 min,3 clamping 60 s/releasing 60 s round,reperfusing 114 min) group (n =30).Levels of MDA and MPO in serum and intestinal tissues were measured. Chiu-6 standard scoring was used to determine the pathology score of injured intestinal mucosae.ResultsCompared with the Con group,MDA and MPO levels in serum and intestinal tissues increased obviously in the three other groups,the same as in the pathology score of injured intestinal mucosae (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; Compared with the I/R group,the MDA and MPO levels in serum and intestinal tissues decreased obviously in the IpostC1 group ( P ＜ 0.01 ),but not in the IpostC2 group ( P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionsMDA and MPO levels in serum and intestinal tissues and intestinal mucosal injury decreased obviously in the rabbit's acute mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury model by ischemia postconditioning intervention.
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Objective To evaluate the safety of endoscopic ligation of gastric and colic full-thickness wall with nylon loops.Methods Endoscopic ligation of full gastric and colic wall with detachable nylon loops, assisted by laparotomy, were performed in 4 dogs.Ligation healing was assessed on 3, 7, 10and 17 days after the procedure.Results All animals recovered after the procedure, without any clinical signs of infection or hemorrhage.Postoperative examination did not reveal gastric or colonic perforation, or local abscess.Loop ligature showed ulcer-like lesion.Histopathology revealed muscularis propria disruption, granulation tissue bridging the site of ligation and formation of scar tissue.Regenerative mucosa coyered the surface of the ligature completely 17 days after the operation.Conclusion Endoscopic ligation of gastric and colic full-thickness wall with detachable nylon loops is safe.Its application can be extended to other fields.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of MRI for assessment of re-distribution of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells injected intramyocardially in main organs (heart, liver, spleen and kidney) under different heart status (beating or arresting) in a porcine model. Methods Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from the male swine and labeled with iron oxide during culture. Acute myocardial infarction was created in female swine, one week later, the survivors were randomly divided into 4 groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass was set up to arrest the heart, and then labeled cells (1×108) were intramyocardially injected into the border of the infracted myocardium in group 1 (n=6). The same volume of cells was grafted into the beating heart in group 2 (n=6). In group 3 and 4, saline was injected into either the arresting or beating myocardium. Three days later, re-distribution of stem cells and cardiac function were assessed by T2*WI and cine MRI, respectively. All animals were sacrificed for histology and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of sex-determining region on Y-chromosome (SRY) investigation.The ANOVA and t test was used for statistics. Results The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (56.8±5.3),(54.8±6.8),(57.4±4.3)and(56.8±2.8) ml, and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (65.2±5.2),(63.2±3.7),(60.2±4.7)and(62.2±4.4) ml. The left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (33.5±7.6),(32.3±5.3),(33.5±3.6)and(32.7±4.6) ml,and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (37.3±5.6),(36.3±6.9),(34.3±5.4)and(36.3±8.1) ml. The left ventricular EF values (LVEF) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (42.3±7.2)%,(41.7±6.8)%,(41.8±8.6)% and(42.7±7.7)%,and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (44.5±8.7)%,(43.1±7.4)%,(42.8±5.6)% and(43.3±8.4)%. The myocardial infarction area (MI) before transplantation for group 1-4 were: (6.5±2.1),(6.4±1.9),(6.5±2.5)and(6.4±2.6) cm2,and after transplantation for group 1-4 were: (6.4±2.3),(6.2±2.6),(6.3±2.5)and(6.4±2.8) cm2 . There were no statistical differences before and after transplantation in these 4 groups[P values of before and after transplantation for LVEDV, LVESV, LVEF,MI were >0.05 (F= 0.277, 0.066,0.066, 0.003); and >0.05 (F= 1.137,0.182,0.021,0.008),respectively]. The T2 value of the infracted myocardium in group 1 decreased more obviously than that in group 2[(-22.3 ± 2.2) vs (-17.0 ± 0.8) ms, t=-5.489, P＜0.01], while the T2 value of the spleen decreased more significantly in group 2 than that in group 1[(-7.7 ± 0.7) vs (-13.3 ± 1.1) ms,t=9.055, P＜0.01]. The T2 values of the liver and kidney were no significant differences in group 1 and 2 (liver, t=-0.532,P>0.05 and kidney, t=-0.113,P>0.05). The results of RT-PCR in group 1 and 2 showed significant differences in heart[(150±62) vs (72±4) U/L ,P<0.05, t=3.109], spleen[(131±1) vs (233±17) U/L, P＜0.01, t=- 13.286]and liver[(17±1) vs (9±5) U/L ,P<0.01,t= 3.492]. Pathological examination demonstrated that the transplanted stem cells were positive for Prussian blue staining, which had a good correlation with MRI results. Conclusion MRI can serve as a convenient and efficient imaging method to track the migration of stem cells with SPIO labeled in early stage and evaluate its early re-distribution in vivo. Injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the arresting heart could favor retaining more cells in the myocardium.
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Objective: To study the pharmacokinetics and factors influencing consecutive internal iliac arterial and intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil 5-FU and 4′ -O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) and provide the experimental evidence to optimize intra-artery chemotherapy for pelvic malignant tumor. Methods:Mature female New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into two groups. One group was consecutively infused by 5-FU and THP via internal iliac artery for 6 h. The other group was consecutively infused by 5-FU and THP via ear vein. The blood samples and the uterus tissue specimens were collected at various time points during the infusion period. At the end of infusion, the rabbits were sacrificed via intravenous air embolism and the heart, lung, and the node-rich pelvic adipose tissues were collected. The drug concentrations in plasma and tissue specimens were determined by high performance liquid chromatography methods. Results: The peak plasma concentration and AUC (area under curve) of intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU were a little lower than those via intravenous infusion. The peak concentration of intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU were 2-3 fold increased in uterus tissues and 5-fold increased in pelvic lymph node and adjacent tissues compared with those via intravenous infusion. The peak plasma concentration and AUC of intra-arterial infusion of THP were lower than those via intravenous infusion. The peak concentration and AUC of intra-arterial infusion of THP were not significantly different in uterus tissues between the two infusion forms. The peak concentration of THP was decreased by 50% in heart and lung tissues but increased to 5-fold in pelvic peripheral lymph node tissues by intra-arterial infusion than those by intravenous infusion. The serum to tissue vein distribution ratio of THP was several hundred times. Conclusions: Consecutive intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU and THP had some advantages compared with continuous intravenous infusion at different degrees. These advantages depended on the drugs' pharmacological properties.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the expression pattern of AQP1,AQP4,AQP5 in the normal middle ear in guinea pigs and its roles in the water homeostasis in the middle ear cavity.METHODS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT- PCR),Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect AQP1,AQP4,AQP5 in mucosa of the bullae of normal guinea pigs.RESULTS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses revealed that mRNAs encoding AQP1,AQP4,AQP5 were expressed in middle ear membrane of the guinea pigs.AQP1,AQP4 was also detected as 28-kDa,33-kDa proteins in middle ear cavity of guinea pig.Immunohistochemical staining showed that only AQP1 located at capillary endothelial cells and fibroblasts of the submucous layer,as well as at flat and cubical epithelial cells.CONCLUSION The results suggest that AQP1,AQP4,AQP5 can express in the normal middle ear cavity of guinea pigs and may play a vital role in the water transmission in the middle ear.The air-filled middle ear cavity may result from the working of AQP1,AQP4,AQP5.