Correlation analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer and macular retinal thickness in children with anisometropic amblyopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the changes and correlation of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)and macular retinal thickness in children with anisometropic amblyopia.METHODS: A total of 159 cases(159 eyes)children with anisometropic amblyopia treated in our ophthalmology department from October 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the study group, and 159 cases(159 eyes)children with normal vision who examined in the ophthalmology department of our hospital in the same period and age group were selected as the control group. The study group received traditional comprehensive training combined with 4D visual training for amblyopia based on refractive correction and covering of healthy eyes. The RNFL and macular retinal thickness before and after treatment between the study group and the control group was compared, and the correlation between RNFL and macular retinal thickness before treatment in the study group was analyzed.RESULTS: The RNFL thickness of average, upper, lower, nasal and temporal in the study group before and after 3mo of treatment was higher than those of the control group, and the RNFL thickness of average, upper, lower, nasal and temporal before treatment in the study group was higher than those after 3mo of treatment(P<0.05). The average, inferior, nasal, temporal, nasal, and central retinal thickness of the outer ring of the macular area in the study group before treatment were higher than those in the same group after 3mo of treatment and the control group(P<0.05). Before treatment, there was a negative correlation between the thickness of the upper RNFL in the study group and the retinal thickness in the central macular area(r=-0.330, P<0.05), the thickness of the lower and nasal RNFL was positively correlated with the thickness of the temporal retina in the outer and inner rings of the macular area(all P<0.05), while the thickness of temporal RNFL was negatively correlated with the thickness of the nasal and temporal retina outside the macular area(r=-0.414, -0.462, all P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The changes in RNFL and macular retinal thickness in children with anisometropic amblyopia can hinder normal retinal development, and there is a certain correlation between RNFL and macular retinal thickness.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopia

Purpose: To report retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in eyes with amblyopia compared with contralateral healthy eyes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients with anisometropic amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia, and mixed amblyopia. All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including RNFLT measurement with time-domain OCT (Stratus OCT) and scanning laser polarimeter (GDX VCC). A paired “t” test was used to compare average and quadrant-wise RNFL thickness between the amblyopic and contralateral normal eyes. In addition, an analysis of variance test was used to compare various RNFL thickness parameters between the three groups. Results: A total of 33 eyes of 33 subjects with anisometropic amblyopia, 20 eyes of 20 subjects with strabismic amblyopia, and 38 eyes of 38 subjects with mixed amblyopia were included. In the anisometropic amblyopia group, the average RNFLT in the amblyopic eye was 98.2 ?m and 99.8 ?m in the fellow normal eye (P = 0.5), the total foveal thickness was 152.82 ?m (26.78) in the anisometropic eye and 150.42 ?m (23.84) in the fellow eye (P = 0.38). The difference between amblyopic and contralateral normal eye for RNFL and macular parameters was statistically insignificant in all three groups. The RNFL thickness in four quadrants was similar in the amblyopic and non-amblyopic eye between all three groups and statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Our study showed that RNFL thickness was similar in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes between all three amblyopia groups

Efficacy of supplemental Occlu-pad therapy with partial occlusion in children with refractive anisometropic amblyopia

Purpose: To study the efficacy of supplemental occlu?pad therapy with partial occlusion in children with refractive anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: Thirty?one children who did not improve after partial occlusion of 6 h for 6 months were supplemented with the use of occlu?pad for 1 h per day and three such sessions in a week. Results: The mean age was 6.8+/?1.4 years (range 5�years). A significant improvement of 3.2+/?1.3 lines in visual acuity was noticed at the end of 3 months of starting this supplemental therapy in children. Out of 31 children, 26 children improved at least 2 lines or more at the end of 3 months. All children (n = 9) having anisohyperopic amblyopia improved at the end of 3 months. Conclusion: Occlu?pad is useful in supplementing occlusion therapy in cases of refractive amblyopia and is more effective in anisohyperopic amblyopia

Caracterización de la ambliopía refractiva / Characterization of Refractive Amblyopia

Objetivo: Relacionar el tipo y profundidad de la ambliopía con el tipo y magnitud del defecto refractivo. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 27 pacientes entre cinco y 18 años con ambliopía refractiva atendidos por vez primera en la consulta de Oftalmología Pediátrica y Estrabismo del Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología Ramón Pando Ferrer. Resultados: La edad en que fueron examinados por primera vez fue similar en ambos tipos de ambliopía, pero ligeramente mayor en la ambliopía anisometrópica (media ocho años). Se halló una correlación significativa entre el nivel de profundidad de la ambliopía y la magnitud del defecto refractivo, en el ojo derecho (p = 0,001), no siendo así en el ojo izquierdo (p = 0 ,304). Conclusiones: En el grupo de estudio la edad en que son examinados se considera tardía y no existen diferencias en cuanto a género y color de piel. Existe un ligero predominio de la ambliopía isoametrópica sobre la anisometrópica, predominando el ojo izquierdo en la ambliopía anisometrópica. El defecto refractivo que se asocia con más frecuencia a la ambliopía refractiva es el astigmatismo en contra de la regla. A medida que aumenta la magnitud del defecto refractivo aumenta la profundidad de la ambliopía en el ojo derecho, no siendo así en el ojo izquierdo(AU)

Objective: To relate the type and depth of amblyopia with the type and magnitude of refractive error. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in 27 patients aged 5-18 years with refractive amblyopia first treated in the pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus consultation of Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology. Results: The age at which the patients were first examined was similar in both types of amblyopia, but slightly higher in anisometropic amblyopia (mean of 8 years). A significant correlation was found between the depth of amblyopia and the magnitude of the refractive error in the right eye (P=0.001), not being so in the left eye (P=0.304). Conclusions: In the study group, the age at which they are examined is considered late and there are no differences in gender or skin color. There is a slight predominance of isometropic amblyopia over anisometropic amblyopia, with a predominance of the left eye in anisometropic amblyopia. The refractive error most frequently associated with refractive amblyopia is against-the-rule astigmatism. As the magnitude of the refractive error increases, the depth of amblyopia increases in the right eye, but not in the left eye(AU)

Comparison of higher order aberrations in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes in pediatric patients with anisometropic amblyopia

Purpose: To compare the ocular higher order aberrations (HOAs) for the physiologic pupil size in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes of patients with anisometropic amblyopia in pediatric age group. Methods: Children between 5 and 15 years age having treatment naïve anisometropic amblyopia; after a detailed examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist; underwent assessment of wavefront aberrations for both amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes at their physiologic pupil sizes using i-Trace ray tracing wavefront aberrometer. The axial lengths were also measured using IOL Master 500. The RMS values of the total ocular higher order aberrations (HOAs) and those arising from internal and corneal components of the two eyes were tabulated and compared to look for differences. Comparison of total ocular aberrations for pre-determined refractive error groups was also done for amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes separately. Results: Eighty-eight eyes of 44 subjects were included for analysis. Mean pupil size was comparable in between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes (3.98 mm vs. 4.07 mm, P = 0.346). The mean axial lengths of the two eyes were comparable (amblyopic eyes 23.13 mm vs. non-amblyopic eyes 22.88 mm, P = 0.419). Significant differences in total HOAs and those arising from the internal optics (except spherical aberrations) of the eye were noted between the two eyes. There were no differences in the corneal HOAs. The total HOAs were comparable amongst the various refractive error groups for amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes individually. Conclusion: There are significant differences in ocular HOAs between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes in children with anisometropic amblyopia.

Clinical evaluation for atropine penalization in treatment of moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effect of atropine penalization for treatment of moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia.@*Methods@#Retrospective cohort study was performed.Eighty moderate and severe anisometropic amblyopia pediatric patients aged 4-7 years old were enrolled from December 2011 to November 2017 in Tianjin Eye Hospital and Beijing Children's Hospital.The subjects were divided into atropine penalization group and patching group according to the treatment, with 25 cases of moderate amblyopia and 15 cases of severe amblyopia in each group.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of amblyopia in atropine penalization group and patching group before treatment, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months and 8 months after treatment were compared.The binocular visual function of each group was compared before and after treatment.The compliance and complications were also recorded.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital (2016-42) and Beijing Children's Hospital (2019-k-33).@*Results@#There were significant differences in BVCA between the two groups before and after treatment in cases with moderate amblyopia (Fgroup=3.104, P=0.032; Ftime=4.342, P=0.013); The BCVA of atropine penalization group was better than that of patching group at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after treatment, the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). There were significant differences in BCVA between the two groups before and after treatment in cases with severe amblyopia (Fgroup=3.149, P=0.016; Ftime=5.094, P=0.024); The BCVA of atropine penalization group was better than that of patching group at 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after treatment, the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The effective rates of stereopsis reconstruction in atropine penalization group were significantly higher than those in patching group in both moderate and severe amblyopia cases, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). The compliance rate of moderate amblyopia in atropine penalization group was 96% (24/25), which was significantly higher than 76% (19/25) in patching group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.153, P=0.042). The compliance rate of severe amblyopia in atropine penalization group was 100% (15/15), which was also significantly higher than 67% (10/15) in patching group, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.000, P=0.014). During the follow-up period, there were 4 cases with photophobia in the atropine penalization group.No adverse reaction was observed in the patching group.@*Conclusions@#Compared with patching, atropine penalization is an effective method in treatment of moderate and severe amblyopia, with the advantage in rapid improvement of visual acuity, stereopsis recovery and compliance of treatment.Atropine penalization is worthy for clinical application.

Effect of visual perception learning combined with occlusion on anisometropic amblyopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To study the therapeutic effect of visual perception learning combined with occlusion on visual acuity and stereoscopic function in patients with anisometropic amblyopia, and to compare the differences in visual acuity and stereoscopic visual function enhancement.<p>METHODS: A total of 47 patients with monocular anisometropic amblyopia who were treated in our hospital from June 2016 to December 2017 were enrolled. The visual acuity learning system combined with occlusion for amblyopia treatment was used to observe the best corrected visual acuity of 47 patients before and after treatment, and the result of random point dynamic 2nd order rough stereoscopic view, random point dynamic 1st order stereoscopic view between fine and rough, random point static 0-order near, far fine stereoscopic view, and to compare the difference between visual acuity improvement and stereo vision improvement.<p>RESULTS: After treatment, the visual acuity improvement degree was significantly different from that of dynamic 2nd order rough stereoscopic vision of random points, dynamic 1st order fine stereoscopic vision of random points, static 0 order near and far fine stereoscopic vision of random points,and the degree of improvement is obviously inconsistent. The difference was statistically significant.<p>CONCLUSION: The degree of visual acuity in patients with anisometropic amblyopia is not synchronized with the improvement of stereopsis. The stereoscopic function of patients with basically curedvisual acuity is not basically normal. Therefore, the training and establishment of stereoscopic function in patients with anisometropic amblyopia should be concerned. The measurement of stereopsis may become a new classification method and treatment standard for amblyopia.

Comparison of the Thickness and Volume of the Macula and Fovea in Patients with Anisometropic Amblyopia Prior to and after Occlusion Therapy

PURPOSE: To compare the thickness of superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal macula and foveal thickness and volume in patients with anisometropic amblyopia prior to and after successful occlusion therapy using optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurement. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively on 30 patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia from December 2006 to August 2007. All patients had anisometropia of 2.0 diopters or more. OCT scans were obtained for all patients at diagnosis. Occlusion therapy was then prescribed and OCT scans were obtained again at the time of successful occlusion therapy (defined as interocular difference of 0.05). However, mean foveal volume prior to occlusion therapy (0.15 ± 0.02 mm3) decreased after occlusion (0.14 ± 0.01 mm3) with statistical significance (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: There was a meaningful decrease in foveal volume in patients with anisometropic amblyopia after successful occlusion therapy. Whether this decrease relates to visual improvement of the amblyopic eye remains to be determined.

Near and distance stereopsis restoration in amblyopia with S3D computer treatment / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To evaluate the effect of stereoscopic 3D (S3D) technology as a visual training system in children with amblyopia. METHODS:Totally 30 children,aged 4-16 years old,18 with ametropic amblyopia ( AMA ), and 12 with anisometropic amblyopia(ANA) were recruited in this study. A binocular 3D shutter glasses technology visual training system was used for training trials. Each training time lasted 1h,and the number of training trials totaled 33 (mean士SD:32士8) times on average,per-person. Before and after each training trial, the best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) of each eye, range of fusion by synoptophore, as well as near and distance stereopsis acuity by Yan Shaoming random - dot test and synoptophore respectively was measured. RESULTS: A significant difference was found pre- and post treatment in BCVA in both kinds of amblyopia studied. Significant improvement was also found in fusion range and stereopsis acuity. The improvement of fusion range and stereopsis recovery could be seen in ANA than in AMA patients. The near stereopsis acuity recovery in ANA group might more easily to regain stereoacuity at near than in AMA group. CONCLUSION: S3D display vision training systems are indicated for the recovery of stereoacuity in children with amblyopia.

Long -term effect observation of visual perceptual learning to correct anisometropic amblyopia in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the long - term effect of visual perceptual learning to correct anisometropic amblyopia in children.?METHODS: The clinical data of 200 children (200 eyes) with anisometropic amblyopia were retrospectively analyzed, which were divided into 2 groups according to therapeutic methods, and 82 children treated with traditional integrative therapy were distributed to the control group, while 118 children treated with visual perceptual learning were distributed to the observation group. After 1 year's treatment, the corrected vision, contrast sensitivity and stereo sharpness of patients were compared between groups.?RESULTS:After 1 year's treatment, the effective rate of the observation group was higher than the controls (90. 7％ vs 75. 6％, P<0. 05), and after 1 year's follow up, there was 92. 5％ patients maintained stabilization in the observation group, while that in the control group was 80. 6％, and the observation group was higher than the controls too, the difference between groups had statistical significance (P<0. 05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in contrast sensitivity between groups (P>0. 05). After 6 and 12 months' treatment, the contrast sensitivity of both groups increased(P<0. 05), and the observation group was higher than the controls after 12 months' treatment, the difference between groups had statistical significance (P<0. 05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in stereopsis acuity between groups ( P > 0. 05 ). After treatment, the stereopsis acuity of the observation group was better than the controls, and the difference between groups had statistical significance (P<0. 05).?CONCLUSION: The long-term curative effect of visual perception learning to correct children's refractive aberration is better than traditional comprehensive therapy.

Clinical efficacy of disinhibition and visual function training in children patients with anisometropic amblyopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treatment <i>via</i> disinhibition and visual function training in children patients with anisometropic amblyopia. <p>METHODS: Eighty-three children patients with anisometropic amblyopia were enrolled in the prospective case control study. All patients were monocular amblyopia, which were randomly classified into 2 groups as a training group(44 cases)and a control group(39 cases). All patients had routine glasses and quantitative coverage, and were treated by the combination of both family and clinic training. Patients in both control and training groups were treated by amblyopia training instrument(light brush, red flash, grating, etc.)and fine stimulation training <i>via</i> computer software. Additionally, patients in the training group, whose corrected vision improved more than 0.6, were also exposed to other treatments including monocular adjustment function training, disinhibition training, binocular adjustment function training, binocular integration and fusion function training. Visual acuity and outcomes were statistically analyzed after 6mo. <p>RESULTS: No significant difference in the total effective rate of vision improvement between the two groups. However, the overall visual acuity difference between the two groups was statistically significant(<i>P</i><0.05). After disinhibition and visual function training, the number of patients with improvement in both far and near stereopsis in the training group was significantly greater than that in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: Combinational treatment with disinhibition and binocular visual function training enhances the competitiveness of amblyopic eyes and eliminate inhibition, which is accompanied by improved visual acuity and ameliorated visual function in children patients with anisometropic amblyopia.

Change of corrected vision and stereo vision in anisometropic patients after LASIK / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the change of corrected vision and stereo vision in anisometropic patients after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).METHODS: The clinical data of 84 cases of anisometropic children(84 eyes) were retrospective analyzed.The changes of corrected visual acuity and stereopsis of different gender,age,type of amblyopia in children anisometropic before treatment,after treatment for 3,6mo and 1a were analyzed.The stereoscopic vision correction correlation were analyzed.RESULTS: Corrected Log MAR visual acuity and stereopsis of 84 patients after LASIK surgery treatment for 3mo,and 1a later significantly decreased than before treatment (P0.05).Corrected visual acuity of age 0.05).Improved correctted vision of anisometropic patients after LASIK surgery had no connection with the decrease of stereo vision(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: LASIK surgery can improve visual acuity in patients with anisometropia amblyopia,but the course of treatment of visual acuity and stereopsis affected by age and type of amblyopia.

Curative effects of excimer laser corneal refractive surgery for hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate curative effects of excimer laser corneal refractive surgery for adults or older adolescent with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.METHODS: From March 2014 to March 2016, we selected 26 cases 26 eyes of adults or older adolescent with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia in our hospital.All eyes underwent laser in situ keratomileusis, observed for the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), diopter and stereopsis.RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up, the patient`s spherical equivalent and anisometropia were 1.47±0.51D and 1.15±0.22D, were significantly lower than that before operation (P<0.05).At the end of the follow-up, the distance and near UCVA and BCVA were 0.26±0.13 and 0.23±0.09, 0.42±0.09 and 0.31±0.16, which were significantly higher than those before operation (P<0.05).At the end of follow-up, the visual function of the patients was significantly improved (P<0.05), the rate of postoperative visual function < 100 eyes was 23%.CONCLUSION: In adult or older adolescent with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia, excimer laser corneal refractive surgery has a certain effect.

Investigation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in anisometropic amblyopic children with littmann-adjusted OCT Examination / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of anisometropic amblyopic children with Littmann-adjusted OCT examination method. Methods A total of 30 anisometropic amblyopic subjects (4 to 14 years old) without treatment were enrolled, whose amlyopic eyes were amlyopic eye group and fellow eyes were fellow eye group. Also 50 emmetropic children′s right eyes were enrolled into normal group. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT), then were adjusted by Littmann formula. Each group was compared with other two groups specificly. Results Amblyopic eye group had no significant difference with other groups in each regions of RNFL ( P > 0 . 05 ) , both before and after Littmann-adjusted. The RNFL of amblyopic group group in T、 TI、 NI、 N regions had significant correlation with eye axis length before adjust(P < 0.05), while only T and NI had significant correlation after adjust (P<0.05). Conclusions The RNFL thickness of anisometropic amblyopic eyes had no significant difference with fellow eye and normal eye. Every research of RNFL thickness must consider the measurement error induced by eye axis length.

Dynamic observation on children's anisometropic amblyopic macular at area A1 by OCT / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To analyze relevancy between the changes of the retinal thicknesses of children's anisometropic amblyopic macular at Area A1 before and at the end of amplyopia cure and amplyopia cure effect. METHODS: Through randomly selecting 30 cases ( 60 eyes) of anisometropic amblyopic children as test group and 29 cases ( 58 eyes ) of children with normal vision after the vision correction as control group, the changes of the retinal thicknesses of macular of the test group and the control group at Area A1 by OCT-3 was observed dynamically and analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with first diagnosis, the comparative difference of retinal thicknesses of macular at Area A1 in control group at 3, 6mo has statistical significance. The test group was divided into amblyopia group and non-amblyopia group. There has statistical significance for the comparative difference between the retinal thicknesses of macular centre at 3, 6mo and the first diagnosis in the non - amblyopia group, the amblyopia group was divided into the invalid cure group, progress group and the cured group according to amblyopic cure effect. Compared with first diagnosis, there is no statistical significance of macular at Area A1 in invalid cure group and progress group at 3, 6mo, and in the cured group at 3mo, but in the cured group at 6mo has statistical significance. CONCLUSION: There is a certain relationship between the changes of retinal thicknesses of macular of children with anisometropic amblyopic at Area A1 before and at the end of amblyopia treatment and amblyopia cure effect. OCT is a kind of objective auxiliary test method and provides new clues for amblyopia research.

Difference analysis of Orbscan Ⅱz corneal topography in anisometropic amblyopes:a contralateral eye study / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The characteristics of anisometropic amblyopia in ocular morphology are becoming a hot topic in amblyopia field.And the interocular difference in corneal parameters of anisometropic amblyopia is to be understood here.Corneal topography is a non-invasive method for in vivo corneal examination and applied in our study.Objective This study was to investigate the interocular difference of corneal topography in anisometropic amblyopic patients Methods This was a serial cases observation.Thirty anisometropic amblyopes were selected in Center for Optometry and Visual Science,People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.The patients were divided into amblyopic eye group and fellow eye group based on the best corrected distance visual acuity.Corneal topography was examined with Orbscan Ⅱ z,and corneal morphological parameters such as Diff values of the anterior and posterior corneal surface,Sim K 's astigmatism,Kmax,angle kappa and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured.The interocular differences in these parameters were evaluated by paired t test,and the correlations in these parameters between the amblyopic eyes and the fellow eyes were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation and simple regression analysis.Results The Diff values of the anterior corneal surface were (0.011±0.006)mm and (0.011±0.017)mm,and those in the posterior corneal surface were (0.031 ±0.012)mm and (0.026 ±0.008)mm in the amblyopic eye group and the fellow eye group,respectively.In addition,Sim K's astigmatism were (1.8± 1.1)D and (1.1 ±0.6) D,JCC were (77±80) °and (100±80) °,J0 values were (-0.17±0.72) D and (0.02±0.41) D,J45 values were (-0.16±0.79) D and (0.13 ±0.48) D,CCT values were (551 ±37) μm and (551 ±31) μm,angle kappa values were (6.4± 1.4) ° and (4.9 ± 1.2) ° in the amblyopic eye group and the fellow eye group,respectively.Significant differences were found in the Diff values of the anterior and posterior corneal surface,Sim K's astigmatism and angle kappa between the two groups (t=-3.041,P=0.005 ;t=-4.317,P=0.000 ;t=-4.571,P=0.000).Pearson's linear correlation test demonstrated significant interocular positive correlations in parameters such as the anterior corneal surface Diff values (r =0.444),J0 (r =0.383),posterior Diff values (r =0.600),and Sim K 's astigmatism (r =0.479),and CCT (r =0.948,P＜0.05).The linear regression equation between the two groups was Y =-0.005 +1.392X (R2 =0.197,F=6.858,P=0.014) in the Diff values in the anterior corneal surface,Y =-0.013+0.421X (R2=0.360,F=15.761,P=0.000) in the Diff values in the posterior corneal surface,Y =0.616+0.27X (R2=0.230,F=8.348,P=0.007) in the Sim K's astigmatism,Y=0.060+0.219X (R2 =0.147,F=4.814,P=0.037) in theJo and Y=i08.289+0.804X (R2 =0.899,F=250.293,P=0.000) in CCT.Conclusions Corneal morphological interocular differences exist significantly in anisometropic amblyopic patients.

Clinical examination and evaluation of stereoacuity with multi-dimensional spacial perception model in children with strabismus and amblyopia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background There is multi-dimensional order of spatial stereopsis perception in human,however,current stereopsis examination is zero-order of position disparity.A multi-dimensional space perception model is very important for the detection of stereoacuity.Objective This study was to screen the deficit of zero-order,first-order,second-order multi-dimensional spatial stereopsis perception in amblyopia and strabismus children and to explore the association of zero-order,first-order,second-order spatial perception deficit.Methods Multidimensional spacial perception was examined in 79 children aged 4-14 years in Beijing Children' s Hospital.Nineteen normal children,19 children with ametropia amblyopia,12 children with anisometropic amblyopia,18 children with strabismus and 11 children with strabismus combined amblyopia were included this study.The random-dot and line spatial stereopsis perception in zero-order,first-order and second-order were examined with a new system of multidimensional space perception screening.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject or custodian before any ocular examination associated with this study.Results Absence of zero-order,first-order,second-order random-dot channel was found in 24 children (24/79,30.4％),18 children (18/79,22.8％) and 24 children (24/79,30.4％) respectively,with an average percentage of 27.9％.Absence of zero-order,first-order,second-order line channel was examined in 37 children (37/79,46.8％),37 children (37/79,46.8％),32 children (32/79,40.5％),with an average percentage of 44.7％.In the children with a deficiency of the zero-order spatial perception,the children who still remained the first-order or/and second-order spatial perception of random-dot accounted for 41.6％ and that of lines accounted for 43.2％.In children without deficiency of zero-order random-dot or lines spatial space perception,deficiency of first-order and/or second-order spatial perception was in 37.5％ children.Various order spatial perception deficiency was seen in children suffering from amblyopia or strabismus compared with normal group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There exists spatial perception deficiency in children with amblyopia or strabismus.The patients with zero-order spatial perception absence partially remain a first-order or/and second-order spatial perception;while the patients with normal zero-order spatial perception might have first-order or second-order spatial perception deficiency.The multi-dimensional space perception model has a directive role for the training of visual information process and the treatment of spatial perceptual learning in children with amblyopia or strabismus.

The Change of Multifocal Visual Evoked Potential in Unilateral Anisometropic Amblyopia before and after Occlusion Treatment

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change in multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in unilateral anisometropic amblyopia before and after occlusion treatment. METHODS: The mfVEP was performed using RETIscan(R) (Roland,Brandenburg, Germany) for patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia before and after occlusion treatment. Amplitude and latency values of mfVEP were analyzed according to the field divided by 6 rings or 4 sectors. RESULTS: The each amplitude of values of all 6 rings were not significantly different before treatment (p = 0.077) in amblyopic eyes. However, the value of ring 1 (p = 0.00) was significantly higher than the value of other rings after treatment. In fellow eyes, the values of ring 1 was consistently significantly higher than the value of other rings before (p = 0.014) and after (p = 0.049) occlusion treatment. Additionally, the amplitudes of ring 1 (p = 0.005) and ring 3 (p = 0.007) were significantly increased in amblyopic eyes after occlusion treatment. In fellow eyes, the values of all rings did not change significantly. The analysis of amplitudes with 4 sectors revealed no significant result. The analysis of latencies with 6 rings and 4 sectors revealed no significant result. CONCLUSIONS: The change in amplitude on the central field (ring 1) in amblyopic eyes can be a useful objective monitoring method observing the improvement progress in visual acuity.

The Change of Multifocal Visual Evoked Potential in Unilateral Anisometropic Amblyopia before and after Occlusion Treatment

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change in multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) in unilateral anisometropic amblyopia before and after occlusion treatment. METHODS: The mfVEP was performed using RETIscan(R) (Roland,Brandenburg, Germany) for patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia before and after occlusion treatment. Amplitude and latency values of mfVEP were analyzed according to the field divided by 6 rings or 4 sectors. RESULTS: The each amplitude of values of all 6 rings were not significantly different before treatment (p = 0.077) in amblyopic eyes. However, the value of ring 1 (p = 0.00) was significantly higher than the value of other rings after treatment. In fellow eyes, the values of ring 1 was consistently significantly higher than the value of other rings before (p = 0.014) and after (p = 0.049) occlusion treatment. Additionally, the amplitudes of ring 1 (p = 0.005) and ring 3 (p = 0.007) were significantly increased in amblyopic eyes after occlusion treatment. In fellow eyes, the values of all rings did not change significantly. The analysis of amplitudes with 4 sectors revealed no significant result. The analysis of latencies with 6 rings and 4 sectors revealed no significant result. CONCLUSIONS: The change in amplitude on the central field (ring 1) in amblyopic eyes can be a useful objective monitoring method observing the improvement progress in visual acuity.

Comparison of anisometropes with and without amblyopia.

Background: To compare binocular functions in amblyopic and non-amblyopic anisometropes and to investigate the possible associated factors for amblyopia development such as type of refractive error and initial age of refractive error correction. Materials and Methods: Prospectively anisometropic subjects with (n=42) and without amblyopia (n=33) were included in the study. Full ophthalmological examination including binocularity and motility was performed. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the ages at the time of initial refractive error correction ( P =0.946). All of the anisometropes (100%) had fusion with Worth 4-dot test and Bagolini glasses. However 81% of amblyopic subjects had fusion with Worth 4 dot test and 88.1% had normal response with Bagolini glasses. Median stereopsis was 60 sec of arc in anisometropic subjects and 400 sec of arc in amblyopes. Conclusion: Our data support that, binocular functions are well developed in anisometropes without amblyopia and initial age at correction of refractive error has no primary effect on development of amblyopia.