Sindemia, anomia social y complejidad de la emergencia del COVID-19 / Syndemic, social anomie and complexity of the COVID-19 emergency

La pandemia de COVID-19, declarada en el 2020 por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), se ha constituido en una de las crisis de mayor impacto para la salud y sus determinantes sociales. Las sindemias se presentan cuando la inequidad sanitaria de la biopolítica predominante manifiesta su control sobre la vida. Para hacer frente a esta sindemia, es necesario comprender, mejorar y tomar en cuenta las determinantes sociales de la salud, con el propósito de propiciar las condiciones del bienestar de la población y reducir las inequidades. La presencia de entornos no saludables, la estigmatización de los enfermos o de los prestadores de servicios de salud, manifestada en actos de agresión y violencia, revelan la anomia social; el momento en que el estado pierde su capacidad de regulación normativa, y que tiene como resultado la resistencia individual y colectiva que repercute en la labor preventiva.El reconocimiento de la sindemia por parte de los actores políticos, sociales y del ciudadano común debe asentarse en un escenario más igualitario y reconsiderar las conductas anómicas. Es necesario empoderar a la población, fomentar la ciudadanía, así como el uso de la evidencia científica, reconfigurar los sistemas de atención a la salud e integrar a la población en las decisiones asumidas e instrumentadas por el estado.La atención de la sindemia y la anomia social, producidas por la pandemia e intensificadas por factores socioeconómicos, requiere la solidaridad ciudadana y la reformulación de la biopolítica de estado

The COVID-19 pandemic, declared in 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), has become one of the crises with the greatest impact on health and its social determinants. Syndemics appear when the health inequity of the prevailing biopolitics displays its power over life. In order to face this syndemic, it is necessary to understand, improve and consider the social determinants of health, with the purpose of restoring the well-being conditions of the population and thus reducing social inequities. The presence of unhealthy environments, the stigmatization of the sick or of health service providers manifested through acts of aggression and violence, reveal social anomie; a moment when the state loses its capacity for normative regulation, which can result in forms of individual and collective resistance that have an impact on preventive work.The recognition of the syndemic by the political and social actors and the common citizen must move towards a more egalitarian scenario and reassess anomic behaviors. It is necessary to empower the population, promote citizenship, as well as the use of scientific evidence, reconfigure health care systems and, above all, fully integrate the population into the decisions taken and implemented by the state.Actions against the syndemic and the social anomie resulting from the pandemic and exacerbated by economic-social factors, requires citizen convergence and the reformulation of state biopolitics.

Anomic Feelings and Happiness: Ordered logit estimation of the effects of freedom and control on subjective well-being

Background: Basic human concerns like money, income, health and family life do not satisfactorily explain fully the variations in subjective well-being. The long-run relationship between average income and subjective well-being is flat, despite the substantial rise in income and living standards. People value functional freedom and choice in social, political and institutional spheres of life than the concerns for money and economic well-being. This paper investigates whether anomic feelings like powerlessness, disillusion, dejection, subdued freedom and lack of trust and confidence could explain subjective well-being and the puzzling relationship between income and life satisfaction. Methodology: This study uses the sixth wave (2010-2014) World Values Survey data across 12 states. Anomic feelings are measured by the freedom of choice, control over own life and confidence in institutions. Since the subjective well-being indicators, life satisfaction and happiness are ordered categorical measures, the ordered logit regression method is used in the empirical estimation. Results: Anomic feelings of freedom of choice, control over own life and confidence in institutions influence life satisfaction significantly and positively. Conclusion: The attitude and confidence in institutions that govern freedom and choice and enable individuals to take own decision are important for a happy and satisfactory life in India.

Advance in Localization of Brain Injury for Post-stroke Anomic Aphasia (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#The most important characteristic of post-stroke anomic aphasia is disorder in nomenclature, but the location of brain injury has been unclear. In recent years, it was found that, based on T1WI of MRI, the location is uncertain in chronic anomic aphasia after stroke, but it is mostly in temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere in acute stage. Based on diffusion tensor imaging, the subcortical white matter, especially the left subfrontal white matter plays an important role in the naming process. The fMRI studies found that anomic aphasia is related to the destruction of the connections among some specific gray matter brain regions, named brain network theory. The cognitive psychology theory suggested that language processing can be further divided into different steps, each step is responsible for different brain regions; for different kinds of words, such as verbs and nouns, the processing involves different regions.

Hypoglycemic Cognitive Impairment Presenting as Anomic Aphasia

No abstract available.

Efecto de la frecuencia léxica y silábica en afasia anómica / Effect of lexical and syllable frequency in anomic aphasia / Efeito da frequência lexical e silábica em afasia anómica

Objetivo: este estudio compara el desempeño de dos grupos de participantes con y sin afasia anómica en tareas de decisión léxica (TDL) y de deletreo en relación con el efecto de las variables de frecuencia léxica y silábica. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo con un diseño 2x2x2, donde se administraron la TDL, en la cual cada participante debía decidir si el estímulo presentado correspondía a palabra o pseudopalabra y la tarea de deletreo, donde los participantes debían deletrear de forma oral cada una de las palabras presentadas auditivamente. Resultados: para la TDL, el grupo experimental presentó mayor porcentaje de error en los estímulos de alta frecuencia silábica, mientras que el control tuvo más errores en aquellos de baja frecuencia silábica. En cuanto a los tiempos de reacción, el grupo experimental tardó más que los controles en resolver la tarea. La tarea de deletreo no mostró diferencia de ejecución por grupos ni condiciones (frecuencia léxica y silábica). Conclusiones: los resultados del presente estudio demuestran el efecto de facilitación de la frecuencia léxica y la inhibición que genera la frecuencia silábica alta, ampliamente soportada por la investigación en población normatizada mediante diferentes lenguajes.

Objective: this study compares the performance of two groups of participants with and without aphasia anomic in a lexical decision tasks (LDT) and spelling, in relation to the effect of the variables of word frequency and syllable. Materials and methods: a prospective study with a 2x2x2 design, which administered the LDT, in which each she/he had to decide if it was a real Spanish word or not, pressing one of two keys. To the task of spelling, they had to spell orally each of words presented auditorily. Results: It was found that in the LTD, the experimental group made more errors in the high-frequency stimuli syllable while the control group had more errors in the low-frequency syllables. In terms of reaction times was evident that the experimental group took longer to solve the task than the control group. The spelling task performance showed no difference in groups or conditions (lexical frequency and syllable). Conclusions: similar than other researches in normalized population, the results of this study demonstrate the effect of lexical frequency facilitation and inhibition that generates high syllable frequency.

Objetivo: este estudo compara o desempenho de dois grupos de participantes com e sem afasia anómica em tarefas de decisão lexical (TDL) e de soletração em relação com o efeito das variáveis de frequência lexical e silábica. Materiais e métodos: realizou-se um estudo prospectivo com um plano 2x2x2, onde se administraram a TDL, e cada participante devia decidir se o estímulo apresentado correspondia a palavra ou pseudopalavra e a tarefa de soletração, onde os participantes deviam soletrar de forma oral cada uma das palavras apresentadas auditivamente. Resultados: para a TDL, o grupo experimental apresentou maior porcentagem de erro nos estímulos de alta frequência silábica, enquanto o controle teve mais erros naqueles de baixa frequência silábica. Com relação aos tempos de reação, o grupo experimental tardou mais que os controles em resolver a tarefa. A tarefa de soletração não mostrou diferença de execução por grupos nem condições (frequência lexical e silábica). Conclusões: os resultados do presente estudo demonstram o efeito de facilitação da frequência lexical e a inibição que gera a frequência silábica alta, amplamente suportada pela pesquisa em população normatizada mediante diferentes linguagens.