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Background:Cervical vertebraeare the most crucially located and play a dynamic role in the mobility and protection of the vital parts of the central nervous system, they are prone to undergo degenerative diseases like spinal stenosis, cervical spondylosis etc.Hence it is important to know the exact dimensions of cervical vertebralbody and spinal canal in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseasesrelated tocervical spine and spinal cord.Material And Methods:Normal plain radiographs of cervical spine of two hundred adult subjects of known sex (one hundred males and one hundred females) and of known age group (between 18 to 50 years) studied for Antero-posterior diameter of vertebral body (AP-VB), Height of vertebral body (HT-VB)and Canal body ratio (CBR) in C3 to C7 cervical vertebrae. Data tabulated and analysed by using software statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS).Result:Higher mean AP –VB diameter andmean Ht -VB valuesare recorded in males as compared to females.Highermean Canal body ratio (CBR) was recorded in femalesascompared to males.Conclusion:Present study showed,higher mean value of(AP-VB),(HT-VB) in males as compared to females and found to be statistically significant indicating sexual dimorphism. Canal body ratio(CBR) showed slightly higher values in females as compared to malesand found statistically significant at C6 and C7 Levels.
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Introduction: Low backache is one of the most common symptoms of lumbar canal stenosis and it developed aninterest among anatomists to do osteological analysis of lumbar canal. The aim of the current study was tocreate the morphometric database of lumbar canal dimensions in context of its applied clinical implications.Materials and Methods: A dry bone study was carried out on 47 adult human lumbar vertebral sets obtained fromvarious medical colleges in Pune District of Maharashtra. Anteroposterior (LCAP) and transverse (LCT) diametersof lumbar canal were measured by ‘Digital Vernier Caliper with 0.01 mm precision’. The data analysis was donein SPSS Version 20 and ‘ANOVA’ test was applied to evaluate statistical differences.Results: Lumbar canal antero-posterior (LCAP) diameters decreased from L1 to L5 vertebrae whereas there wasgradual increase in Lumbar canal transverse (LCT) diameter from first to fifth lumbar vertebra.Conclusion: The present study reported statistically significant differences in the dimensions of lumbar canal ofL1 to L5 in Indian population. This morphometric baseline data can be utilized in surgical management of lowback pain as a result of lumbar canal stenosis.
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Background: Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum of dry human skulls in Gujarat region was carriedout to demonstrate the anatomical variations in morphology. The measurements of the foramen magnum areclinically important because vital structures passing through it. There are certain diseases associated withcompression of structure present in foramen magnum like arnold chiari malformation (tonsillar herniation),achondroplasia, stenosis of foramen magnum, meningioma and atlanto-occipital fusion.Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure anteroposterior & transverse diameter of foramen magnum,surface area and index of foramen magnum and to observe its various shapes.Materials and methods: 326 dry skulls of adult human being were studied. Antero-posterior and TransverseDiameter were measured by using a digital vernier caliper. The surface area and foramen magnum index werecalculated. The cranial base was visually assessed for the shape of foramen magnum.Results: The mean antero-posterior and transverse diameter of the foramen magnum were 34.18 ± 2.74 mm and28.49 ± 2.13 mm respectively. The mean surface area and the foramen magnum index were 766.86 ± 104.76 mm2and 83.60 ± 6.21 mm respectively. The percentages of different shapes of foramen magnum were: Oval (42.33%),Round (32.82%), Tetragonal (8.59%), Hexagonal (7.67%), Pentagonal (4.60%), and irregular (3.99%).Conclusion: The knowledge of various dimensions & shape of the foramen magnum help to determine somemalformations like arnold chiari syndrome in which the transverse diameter is increased. The antero-posteriordiameter of foramen magnum was more than the transverse diameter and most common shape of foramenmagnum was found to be Oval.
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Objective To analyze the frequency of pelvis peristalsis in children with hydronephrosis and its correlation with postoperative percentage of improvement in anteroposterior diameter (PI－APD).Methods From Oc-tober 2015 to September 2017,the data of the children with unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO)hydro-nephrosis who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty were collected,and their pelvis peristalsis frequencies of 2 min were recorded after exposing the pelvis,while the APD and PI－APD were followed 1 year posto-peratively.The degrees of hydronephrosis were divided into mild,moderate and severe according to the Society of Fetal Urology(SFU)classifica-tion system.ANOVA was used to compare the pelvis peristalsis frequency and postoperative PI－APD between different degrees of hydronephrosis.Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between pelvis peristalsis frequency and degree of hydronephrosis.Meanwhile,Pearson test was used to analyze the correlation between pelvis peristalsis fre-quency,hydronephrosis degree and PI－APD.Results A total of 50 children were included,of which 36 patients got follow－up for 1 year postoperatively.Pelvis 2 min peristalsis frequency between different degrees of hydronephrosis [mild:(8.1 ± 3. 3)times;moderate:(6.3 ± 3.5)times;severe:(7.8 ± 3.9)times]had no significant difference (F＝0.65,P＝0. 527);no statistical correlation was observed between pelvis peristalsis frequency and degree of hydro-nephrosis or PI－APD (all P ＞0.05).Preoperative hydronephrosis degree was positively correlated with PI －APD (r＝0.54,P＝0. 001).PI－APD in severe hydronephrosis (0.48 ± 0.29)was significantly higher than that of mild hydronephrosis (0.21 ± 0.20)(P ＝0.001 ). Conclusions For children with different degrees of hydronephrosis caused by UPJO,there was no significant difference in the pelvis peristalsis frequency recorded during laparoscopic pyeloplasty.Pelvis peristalsis frequency recorded during surgery was not correlated with PI －APD,but preoperative hydronephrosis degree was positively correlated with postoperative PI－APD.
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PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to investigate changes of chest wall shape and chest compression site according to increasing age. METHODS: This study is based on 99 patients who underwent chest computed tomography (CT) scans, and classified them into six groups according to age, from 30's to 80's. Using images of sagittal and coronal sections of chest CT scans, we found the chest compression site, which is in the lower half point of the sternal body. We calculated the vertical length to the left ventricular outflow tract and to the center of the left ventricle from the lower half point of the sternal body. We also estimated the antero-posterior (AP) diameters of the lower half region of the chest to determine how the shape of the chest changes according to increasing age. In addition, we calculated the horizontal length between the surface of the chest and center of the left ventricle. Data are classified and estimated according to age group. RESULTS: The AP diameter at the compression site was not significantly changed according to increasing age. The vertical length from the compression site to the center of the left ventricle and left ventricular outflow tract was significantly changed according to increasing age. The depth between surface of body and center of left ventricle was not significantly changed according to increasing age. CONCLUSION: There is a tendency where the position of the left ventricular outflow tract and center of the left ventricle show lower positioning according to increasing age. AP diameter at the compression point was not significantly changed according to increasing age.