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1.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2022 Sept; 59(9): 909-917
Artigo | IMSEAR | ID: sea-221577

RESUMO

Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasite which resides in the infected sand flies. Control of Leishmaniasis remains a source of grave concern worldwide. Studies on Leishmaniasis triggered because of its outbreak in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, East Africa and South America. There is an urgent need for new therapeutic interventions such as vaccine and new drug targets as it develops resistance towards the available drugs. Quercetin, a derivative of polyphenolic flavonoid exhibits various biological activities by interacting with proteins and nucleic acids. In this study, computational analysis was performed to identify the potential drug target of Quercetin in Leishmania species by molecular docking. The newly predicted targets were subjected for subcellular localization prediction and determined the protein-protein interaction networks that would aid in the development of anti-Leishmanial drugs. This study helps in the identification of targets and development of anti-Leishmanial drugs.

2.
The Korean Journal of Parasitology ; : 1-8, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | WPRIM | ID: wpr-742313

RESUMO

There is no effective treatment modality available against different forms of leishmaniasis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the penetration and efficacy of selenium and glucantime coupled with niosomes and compared them with their simple forms alone on in vitro susceptibility assays. In this study, the niosomal formulations of selenium and in combination with glucantime were prepared. The size and morphology of the niosomal formulations were characterized and the effectivity of the new formulation was also evaluated using in vitro MTT assay, intra-macrophage model, and gene expression profile. From the results obtained, no cytotoxicity effect was observed for niosomal and simple forms of drugs, as alone or in combination. Niosomal formulations of the drugs significantly showed more inhibitory effects (P≤0.001) than the simple drugs when the selectivity index was considered. The gene expression levels of Interleukin (IL-10) significantly decreased, while the level of IL-12 and metacaspase significantly increased (P≤0.001). The results of the present study showed that selenium plus glucantime niosome possess a potent anti-leishmanial effect and enhanced their lethal activity as evidenced by the in vitro experiments.


Assuntos
Expressão Gênica , Técnicas In Vitro , Interleucina-12 , Interleucinas , Leishmania tropica , Leishmania , Leishmaniose , Lipossomos , Selênio , Transcriptoma
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(1): 52-60, Jan.-Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-842826

RESUMO

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a tropical disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. The current drugs for CL may be effective but have serious side effects; hence, alternatives are urgently needed. Although plant-derived materials are used for the treatment of various diseases in 80% of the global population, the validation of these products is essential. Gelatin capsules containing dried Artemisia annua leaf powder were recently developed as a new herbal formulation (totum) for the oral treatment of malaria and other parasitic diseases. Here, we aimed to determine the usefulness of A. annua gel capsules in CL. METHODS: The antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity of A. annua L. capsules was determined via in vitro and in vivo studies. Moreover, a preliminary evaluation of its therapeutic potential as antileishmanial treatment in humans was conducted in 2 patients with uncomplicated CL. RESULTS: Artemisia annua capsules showed moderate in vitro activity in amastigotes of Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis; no cytotoxicity in U-937 macrophages or genotoxicity in human lymphocytes was observed. Five of 6 (83.3%) hamsters treated with A. annua capsules (500mg/kg/day) for 30 days were cured, and the 2 examined patients were cured 45 days after initiation of treatment with 30g of A. annua capsules, without any adverse reactions. Both patients remained disease-free 26 and 24 months after treatment completion. CONCLUSION: Capsules of A. annua L. represent an effective treatment for uncomplicated CL, although further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate its efficacy and safety.


Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Artemisia annua/química , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Cricetinae , Resultado do Tratamento , Folhas de Planta/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 20(1): 48-55, Jan.-Feb. 2016. graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-776467

RESUMO

Abstract In the present context of emergence of resistance aligned with the conventional anti-leishmanial drugs and occasional treatment failure compelled us to continue the search for replaceable therapeutic leads against Leishmaniainfection. Various ginger spices of the Zingiberaceae family are widely used as spices, flavouring agents, and medicines in Southeast Asia because of their unique flavour as well as due to their medicinal properties. Zerumbone, a natural component of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, has been studied for its pharmacological potential as antiulcer, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial. In this study, we have shown that zerumbone could induce ROS mediated apoptosis in Leishmania donovani promastigotes and also found effective in reducing intracellular amastigotes in infected-macrophages. We emphasized the potential of zerumbone to be employed in the development of new therapeutic drugs against L. donovaniinfection and provided the basis for future research on the application of transitional medicinal plants.


Assuntos
Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmania donovani/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Zingiberaceae/química , Leishmania donovani/ultraestrutura , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação
5.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 2015 Feb; 52 (1): 14-22
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-157950

RESUMO

Proteases have been considered as an important group of targets for development of antiprotozoal drugs due to their essential roles in host-parasite interactions, parasite immune evasion, life cycle transition and pathogenesis of parasitic diseases. The development of potent and selective serine protease inhibitors targeting L. donovani secretory serine protease (pSP) could pave the way to the discovery of potential antileishmanial drugs. Here, we employed different classical serine protease inhibitors (SPIs), such as aprotinin, N-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), N-tosyl-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), benzamidine (Bza) and pSP-antibody to determine the role of the protease in parasitic survival, growth and infectivity. Among the different classical SPIs, aprotinin appeared to be more potent in arresting L. donovani promastigotes growth with significant morphological alterations. Furthermore, aprotinin and anti-pSP treated parasites significantly decreased the intracellular parasites and percentage of infected macrophages. These results suggest that SPIs may reduce the infectivity by targeting the serine protease activity and may prove useful to elucidate defined molecular mechanisms of pSP, as well as for the development of novel antileishmanial drugs in future.


Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Leishmania donovani/efeitos dos fármacos , Leishmania donovani/genética , Leishmaniose/tratamento farmacológico , Vacinas contra Leishmaniose/imunologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Serina Proteases/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/uso terapêutico
6.
Biol. Res ; 45(2): 111-116, 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-648569

RESUMO

The leishmaniases are severe parasitic diseases that occur worldwide, caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Studies with medicinal plants can lead to a range of possibilities for treating and improving the patients' quality of life. Research on Azadirachta indica fractions and extracts has shown that they have excellent anti-leishmanial activity based on bioactivity-guided fractionation of ethanolic extracts of leaves and seeds and in vitro activity against promastigotes. In this research the most efficient extracts and fractions were selected for tests on intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis. The ethanolic extract of the leaves and dichloromethane and chloroform fractions had IC50 values of 38, 3.9 and 1.2 μg/mL for promastigotes and 9.8, 1.1 and 0.6 μg/mL for amastigotes, respectively, at 72 hours. For the ethanolic extract and dichloromethane fraction from nut tegument, the IC50 was 2.7 and 2.1 μg/mL for promastigotes and 0.4 and 0.6 μg/mL for amastigotes. The cytotoxicity of the fractions presented selectivity that was between 8 to 32 times more toxic to promastigotes and 15 to 72 times to amastigotes than to macrophages. The extracts and fractions from leaves and fruits were more effective against amastigotes, and the fractionation increased activity against both promastigotes and amastigotes, enabling us to obtain potentially active fractions with low toxicity.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Azadirachta/química , Leishmania mexicana/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Frutas/química , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Folhas de Planta/química
7.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 54(1): 61-66, Jan.-Feb. 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-576759

RESUMO

The dichloromethane extract of Almeidea coerulea stems yielded the (11-hydroxyrutaecarpine alkaloid reported for the first time from this species) and the triterpene (28-hydroxy-28, 29-dihydrolupeol). The dictamine, skimianine, sitosterol and stigmasterol were also isolated from methanol extract. Extracellular forms of Leishmania amazonensis (promastigotes) was tested with dichloromethane extract and 28-hydroxy-28, 29-dihydrolupeol with showed anti-leishmanial activity above 0.1 mg/mL and 75µg/mL (inhibited 50 percent promastigote growth), respectively.

8.
Trop. j. pharm. res. (Online) ; 8(2): 127-131, 2009. tables, figures
Artigo em Inglês | AIM | ID: biblio-1273114

RESUMO

Purpose: Dregea volubilis Benth, commonly known as Jukti in Bengal, is used in the treatment of boils and abscesses from ancient times. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the active compounds and as well as their anti-leishmanial and anti-tumour activities. Methods: Dried and crushed fruits of Dregea volubilis were extracted by petroleum ether (40 - 60°C); the best solvent system had first been verified by analytical Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The extract was subjected to TLC and column chromatography (CC) to isolate the pure compounds. Spectra data were obtained by Infra Red pectroscopy, Mass Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - Proton Magnetic Resonance (PMR), Carbon Magnetic Resonance (CMR) and Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT) - for structure elucidation of the isolated compound(s). One of the compounds isolated was screened for anti-leishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani and anti-tumour activity on K562 leukemic cell line. Results: A pentacyclic triterpenoid compound was isolated and designated as taraxerone, and then characterized as d-friedoolean-14-en, 3 one together with ß-sitosterol and a long chain lipid fraction.. This compound showed in vitro anti-leishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania donovani(strain AG 83) and anti-tumour activity on K562 leukemic cell line. Conclusion: A pentacyclic triterpenoid compound designated as taraxerone and characterized as Dfriedoolean-14-en, 3 one together was successfully isolated. The structure was determined on the basis of spectral analysis (IR, MASS, NMR (PMR, CMR and DEPT) and the compound demonstrated in vitro anti-leishmanial and anti-tumour activities


Assuntos
Humanos , Análise Espectral , Apocynaceae , Triterpenos , Petróleo , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 103(8): 778-780, Dec. 2008. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-502297

RESUMO

A series of ring substituted 3-phenyl-1-(1,4-di-N-oxide quinoxalin-2-yl)-2-propen-1-one derivatives were synthesized and tested for in vitro leishmanicidal activity against amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis in axenical cultures and murine infected macrophages. Structure-activity relationships demonstrated the importance of a radical methoxy at position R3', R4' and R5'. (2E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,6,7-trimethyl-1,4-dioxy-quinoxalin-2-yl)-propenone was the most active. Cytotoxicity on macrophages revealed that this product was almost six times more active than toxic.


Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Camundongos , Antiprotozoários/química , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/química , Leishmania mexicana/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinoxalinas/química , Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Antiprotozoários/toxicidade , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/toxicidade , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Quinoxalinas/farmacologia , Quinoxalinas/toxicidade , Relação Estrutura-Atividade
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