RESUMO
Background: In India, about 1 million people are bitten by snakes more in the rural area and they get admitted to hospitals. About 50,000, people die of snake bites every year in India. The patients admitted with poisonous snake bites were treated with polyvalent anti snake venom serum. Aim: To determine the significant difference and outcome between High Dose and Low dose Polyvalent Anti Snake Venom Serum (PVASVS), with regards to age gender and severity of coagulation abnormalities. The cost of ASV has an economic impact and if low dose ASV saves the scarce resource. Materials and Methods: 45 patients bitten by snake admitted and treated which included both males and females were taken up for this study based on Poisson model of sampling. All the patients had cellulitis, renal failure and varying degree of coagulation abnormalities. They were classified into LDG and HDG depending on the number of PVASVS they received which was ≤25 vials or >25 vials respectively. This was decided based on the treatment of ASV analyzed using chi-square contingency statistically for its significance. Results: The age and clotting time as such do not have association to distinguish HDG or LDG. It was revealed that Gender has an effect that female HDG are 26.3% (5 out of 19) as compared to male 73.7% (14 out of 19). In each group, 2 patients died out of 18, LDG (11%) 27 in HDG (7.4%) 62.9% of patients in LDG and 38.8% in HDG required hospital stay more than 10 days. Conclusions: The female gender falls in low dose conserving ASV. The LD ASV demands higher duration of stay (more than 10 days) in the hospital. The age, coagulation abnormality did not establish the significant results in the LDG and HDG.
RESUMO
Antivenom is the most effective method currently available for the treatment of poisonous snake bite. Allergic reactions to antivenom have been reported in the past. Here we shared a case of allergic reactions to antivenom in an old male patient who was bitten twice by the same snake (probably same one) at the same biting site within a month whereas the patient did not show any allergic disorder in the first bitten. Envenomations twice in a short period time by the same kind of snake are very rare. Physician should be alert to the occurrence of allergic reactions in treating this type of patients with antivenom. The skin allergy test has a certain value in predicting the allergic response before the second use of antivenom. Desensitization may reduce the incidence of allergic reactions, but this is insufficient. Rather than non-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity, patients receiving the second treatment of antivenom may develop IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity. Once happened, the antivenom treatment should be stopped promptly and anti-allergy treatment should be given immediately.