Gut microbiota controls the development of chronic pancreatitis: A critical role of short-chain fatty acids-producing Gram-positive bacteria

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disorder, accompanied by pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and dysregulated gut microbiota. Recently, accumulating evidence has supported a correlation between gut dysbiosis and CP development. However, whether gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to CP pathogenesis remains unclear. Herein, an experimental CP was induced by repeated high-dose caerulein injections. The broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) and ABX targeting Gram-positive (G+) or Gram-negative bacteria (G-) were applied to explore the specific roles of these bacteria. Gut dysbiosis was observed in both mice and in CP patients, which was accompanied by a sharply reduced abundance for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producers, especially G+ bacteria. Broad-spectrum ABX exacerbated the severity of CP, as evidenced by aggravated pancreatic fibrosis and gut dysbiosis, especially the depletion of SCFAs-producing G+ bacteria. Additionally, depletion of SCFAs-producing G+ bacteria rather than G- bacteria intensified CP progression independent of TLR4, which was attenuated by supplementation with exogenous SCFAs. Finally, SCFAs modulated pancreatic fibrosis through inhibition of macrophage infiltration and M2 phenotype switching. The study supports a critical role for SCFAs-producing G+ bacteria in CP. Therefore, modulation of dietary-derived SCFAs or G+ SCFAs-producing bacteria may be considered a novel interventive approach for the management of CP.

Research progress on correlation between antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood obesity / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Childhood obesity continues to be a public health concern worldwide, which seriously affects children′s health.In recent years, children have been generally exposed to low doses of antibiotics, and antibiotic problem has drawn international attention.Domestic and foreign researches show that antibiotic exposure in the early life of children is associated with childhood obesity risk, while its specific mechanism has not been completely clear.It is possible that antibiotics may lead to changes in the normal intestinal flora colonization of infants and young children and damage the early intestinal microflora, thus increasing the risk of childhood obesity, but further research is needed to confirm this causal mechanism.

Research progress on correlation between antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood obesity / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Childhood obesity continues to be a public health concern worldwide,which seriously affects children's health.In recent years,children have been generally exposed to low doses of antibiotics,and antibiotic problem has drawn international attention.Domestic and foreign researches show that antibiotic exposure in the early life of children is associated with childhood obesity risk,while its specific mechanism has not been completely clear.It is possible that antibiotics may lead to changes in the normal intestinal flora colonization of infants and young children and damage the early intestinal microflora,thus increasing the risk of childhood obesity,but further research is needed to confirm this causal mechanism.