La necesidad de una fundamentación antropológica de la ética médica. Una mirada desde la unidad docente asistencial de bioética de la Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile / The need for an anthropological foundation of medical ethics. A look from the bioethics teaching unit of the Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile

Este ensayo entrega la propuesta de la unidad a cargo de la enseñanza de ética de la Facultad de Medicina de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, sobre la pertinencia de entregar contenidos filosóficos a los alumnos de medicina y carreras afines. Además, busca discutir si la ética médica debe ser fundada en hechos constituyentes del ser humano o si se debe prescindir de ellos. En el artículo se analizan las razones de dicha polémica. Finalmente entrega elementos que permiten concluir la importancia de la filosofía en la adquisición de las competencias deseadas para los alumnos de esta facultad y también la necesidad de fundar la ética médica en una naturaleza humana considerada teleológicamente y más allá de sus componentes materiales.(AU)

This essay presents the proposal of the unit in charge of the of ethic´s teaching at the Faculty of Medicine of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, about the relevance of brinding philosophical issues to students in medicine and related fields. It also seeks to discuss whether medical ethics should be founded on facts constituents of human being or whether to do without them. The article analyzes the reasons for the controversy. Finally, provides arguments that permits to conclude the importance of philosophy in acquiring the desired competencies for students in this faculty, and also the need of establishing medical ethics in human nature considered teleologically, beyond its material components.(AU)

Morfometría de terceros molares: un estudio de 55 casos / Third molar morphometry: a study of 55 cases

Los terceros molares son las piezas dentarias con mayor variación de forma, tamaño, número y posición. Se estudiaron 55 molares extraídos de pacientes de la ciudad de Temuco, Chile, los cuales se clasificaron por edad, género y ubicación en maxilares. Se midieron los siguientes parámetros: diámetro vestíbulo-palatino (V-P), mesio-distal (M-D), altura coronaria (C-O), longitud radicular y longitud total. Además, se cuantificaron número de raíces y cúspides para cada molar, identificando aquellos molares con anomalías de forma. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente y tabulados. Los resultados arrojaron que los molares superiores presentaron mayor longitud total que lo inferiores, donde predominó en ambos la forma unirradicular. En cuanto a la forma coronaria, se observó un predominio de la forma tricuspídea prevaleciendo el diámetro V-P para los superiores y tetracuspídea para los inferiores, donde destacó el diámetro M-D. La longitud coronaria fue mayor en los molares superiores, por el contrario de la longitud radicular la cual presentó un mayor valor para los molares inferiores.

Third molars are the teeth with the highest variation of shape, size, number and position. Fifty five molars were extracted from patients of Temuco, Chile, which were classified by age, gender and location jaw. The following parameters were measured: vestibular-palatine diameter (VP), mesial-distal (MD) diameter, coronary height (C-O), root length and total length. Additionally, number of roots and cusps were quantified for each molar identifying those with abnormal molar shape. The data were statistically analyzed and tabulated. The results showed that upper molars have higher total length than lower ones, predominating those with a one fused root. Regarding to crown shape, there was a predominance of tricuspid shape prevailing V-P diameter for upper third molars and tetracuspid for lower, noting M-D diameter. Coronary length was higher for upper molars, but root length was higher for lower molars than upper ones.

Importância pericial dos registros odontológicos decorrentes de tratamento protético / Forensic importance of dental records obtained from prosthetic treatment

A documentação odontológica produzida em decorrência das reabilitações protéticas possui caráter primordialmente clínico, pois possibilita a consulta sobre o estágio em que se encontram os procedimentos executados. Entretanto, em determinadas situações, as informações contidas nesta documentação podem possuir relevante valor legal, possibilitando o esclarecimento de questões judiciais nas diversas áreas do Direito. Nos casos de identificação de indivíduos totalmente desdentados, o profissional deve ter o cuidado em registrar a maior quantidade de detalhes possíveis sobre as particularidades anatômicas orofaciais do seu paciente e sobre os trabalhos protéticos efetuados, uma vez que os elementos dentários estão ausentes. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo evidenciar a importância pericial dos registros decorrentes de execução de tratamento protético, por meio de um relato de caso, em que é ressaltada a importância sócio-legal de se normatizar a identificação das próteses dentárias. Enquanto o Conselho Federal de Odontologia não estabelecer normas a serem observadas por Cirurgiões-dentistas e técnicos em prótese dentária, estes profissionais da Odontologia devem cumprir suas obrigações éticas e legais relacionadas ao registro de informações acerca dos tratamentos realizados, visando resguardar o exercício profissional e subsidiar adequadamente os exames periciais em casos de pacientes desdentados.

The dental records produced in the prosthetic treatments have primordially a clinical purpose, because these documents allow the consultation about the stage of execution of odontological procedures. However, in specific situations, the information contained in these documents may have relevant legal value, by clarifying several judicial questions. In cases related to the identification of edentulous individuals, the dentist must be attentive to register all possible details about the oral anatomy of the patient and denture features. In this context, the aim of this work is to show the forensic importance of prosthetic records, through a case report, by emphasizing the social and legal importance of establishing denture marking standards. Until the Federal Council of Dentistry establishes specific rules concerning the matter, and to be followed by dentists and technical in dental prosthesis, these professionals must observe their ethical and legal obligations related to the notes and data about clinical and laboratorial prosthetic procedures that they have to register in patient’s record. Thus, these dental records may protect the professional exercise and subsidize correctly the forensic exams in cases of edentulous patients.

Relaciones Transversales Faciales en Niños Chilenos de la Región del Maule / Transverse Face Relations in Chilean Children from Maule Region

Las relaciones transversales faciales presentan variaciones en las distintas etnias, su conocimiento resulta relevante en el campo de las cirugías plástica y maxilofacial, la antropología y la medicina forense. En el presente estudio se analizan las relaciones transversales faciales de 45 niños mesofaciales de la Región del Maule, Chile, mediante un análisis cefalométrico frontal y la confección de modelos del paladar. Fueron analizados las dimensiones: ancho transpalatino, ancho maxilar, ancho facial y ancho mandibular. Las dimensiones encontradas fueron superiores a las descritas en la literatura. Se encontró que el ancho transpalatino mostraba una mediana correlación con el ancho maxilar, no así con el ancho facial. No se observó dimorfismo sexual en la muestra.

The transverse face relations present variations in the different ethnic groups, their knowledge is excellent in the field of the plastic and maxilofacial surgery, the anthropology and the forensic medicine. In the present study the face cross-sectional relations of 45 mesofacial children of the maule region by means of a frontal cephalometric analysis and the preparation of models of paladar are analyzed. The dimensions were analyzed: transpalate wide, maxilar wide, face wide and mandibular wideThe found dimensions were superior to the described thing in Literature. The transpalate wide showed a medium correlation with the maxilar wide, but not thus with the maxilar wide. Not sexual dimorphism was observed in the sample.