The correlation between lipid peroxide, total oxidation state, apolipoprotein(a) and pregnancy outcome of polycystic ovary syndrome in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship of lipid peroxide (LPO), total oxidation state (TOS), apolipoprotein (a) [apolipoprotein(a), Apo(a)] and pregnancy outcome in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) treated by ovulation induction-in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).Methods:The clinical of 215 patients with PCOS treated by IVF-ET who were admitted to Hengshui People′s Hospitalfrom May 2017 to February 2020 were collected and they were divided into clinical pregnancy group (155 cases) and biochemical pregnancy group (60 cases) according to pregnancy outcome. The levels of LPO, TOS, and Apo(a) in the peripheral blood of the two groups were detected and the data were analyzed.Results:The levels of LPO and TOS before ovulation induction and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) dayin the biochemical pregnancy group were higher than those in the clinical pregnancy group: (10.35 ± 3.67) μmol/L vs. (7.16 ± 1.59) μmol/L, (17.98 ± 3.15) mmol H 2O 2 equiv/L vs. (15.03 ± 3.21) mmol H 2O 2 equiv/L; (12.81 ± 4.09) μmol/L vs. (7.38 ± 2.14) μmol/L, (19.66 ± 3.02) mmol H 2O 2 equiv/L vs. (15.19 ± 3.34) mmol H 2O 2 equiv/L; and the level of Apo(a) was lower than that in the clinical pregnancy group: (379.8 ± 95.9) mg/L vs. (486.5 ± 100.3) mg/L, (335.8 ± 84.7) mg/L vs. (473.5 ± 112.9) mg/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). LPO and TOS before ovulation induction and HCG day were negatively correlated with the number of high-quality embryos ( P<0.01), and Apo(a) was positively correlated with the number of high-quality embryos ( P<0.01). The risk of non-clinical pregnancy for those with LPO, TOS, Apo(a) higher than the average before ovulation induction was 1.435, 1.233, 0.678 times of those with lower than the average ( P<0.05). The risk of non-clinical pregnancy for those with LPO, TOS, and Apo(a) higher than the average on HCG day was 1.443, 1.689, 0.762 times of those with lower than average ( P<0.05). After receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the curve(AUC) of all indicators before ovulation induction combined to predict clinical pregnancy was 0.844. The AUC of all indicators on HCG day combined to predict clinical pregnancy was 0.894. Conclusions:Peripheral blood LPO, TOS, Apo(a) levels are closely related to the number of high-quality embryos, and are the main influencing factors of pregnancy outcome. Therefore, dynamic monitoring of the above-mentioned index levels can provide a reference for the clinical improvement of the treatment plan.

Biomarkers for intestinal failure in short bowel syndrome: A new era in GI rehabilitation? / Biomarcadores para la insuficiencia intestinal en síndrome de intestino corto: ¿Una nueva era en la rehabilitación gastrointestinal?

Damage control and gastrointestinal surgery have come a long way from the first reported case of an enterocutaneous fistula to advances in Intestinal transplant and vacuum assisted therapy. Everything we have known in between such as intestinal resections, enteral/parenteral nutrition, delayed abdominal wall closure and intestinal reconstruction have all lead to an exponential increase in our knowledge of gastrointestinal surgery. One area that still remains a significant challenge and clinical dilemma to the general surgeon is intestinal failure in short bowel syndrome. Not only does the anatomical complexity of short bowel syndrome offer difficulties in the definite reconstruction, but also the accompanying intestinal failure increases patient morbidity and mortality. There are no current algorithms or systematic approaches to these daunting clinical scenarios and although surgery has come a long way, there is still room for determining optimal approaches. Therefore, it is critical to keep researching new ways to treat these patients. A relatively new horizon in managing intestinal failure in short bowel syndrome is the use of biomarkers. Here we present a short review on the possible future treatment. The aim of this paper is to provide a pathway for future research into the treatment of this complex area of general surgery

La cirugía gastrointestinal y de control de daños ha tenido un recorrido amplio desde el primer caso reportado de fístula entero-cutánea, hasta llegar al uso de presión subatmosférica para el cierre asistido y el trasplante intestinal. Todos los avances propuestos en el intermedio, como las resecciones intestinales, los planes de nutrición entérica y parenteral, el cierre postergado de la pared abdominal y la reconstrucción intestinal, han llevado a un aumento exponencial del conocimiento de la cirugía gastrointestinal. A pesar de esto, hay un área que permanece como un reto significativo y un dilema clínico para el cirujano general: la falla intestinal en el síndrome de intestino corto. En esta, su complejidad anatómica presenta dificultades a la hora de su reconstrucción, y su alteración funcional aumenta la morbimortalidad del paciente. Así como sucede en la mayoría de las fallas específicas de órganos, esta se caracteriza por cambios en los marcadores séricos que ya han sido bien descritos en la literatura médica. En la falla cardiaca hay elevación del péptido natriurético auricular; en la falla renal, elevación de la creatinina sérica; en la falla hepática, elevación de las transaminasas, y así sucesivamente. Estos marcadores no solo indican la gravedad de la situación, sino que se relacionan con la suficiencia del órgano en cuanto a su función y su mejoría con la rehabilitación. Ahora, ¿cuáles son los marcadores del sistema gastrointestinal? Recientemente, la seriedad de la falla intestinal y su solución han sido objeto de la observación clínica y sintomática con el fin de determinar la orientación de la rehabilitación intestinal y el momento ideal para el inicio de la vía oral. En los últimos años han surgido biomarcadores pertinentes al estudio del sistema digestivo. En esta revisión se discuten los aspectos relacionados con el presente y el futuro de los marcadores serológicos intestinales en el síndrome de intestino corto

Influence of glucose fluctuation on paraoxonase-3 and apoprotein a in T2DM patients with coronary heart disease / 中国糖尿病杂志

Objective To observe the influence of glucose fluctuation on paraoxonase-3(PON3) and apoprotein A1(ApoA1) in T2DM patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) . Methods A total of 260 subjects were enrolled in this study and dividied into three groups :T2DM patients with CHD (T2DM +CHD group ,n=100) ,T2DM without CHD (T2DM group ,n=80) and healthy subjects(NC group ,n=80) .The serum PON3 and ApoA1 levels were measured and compared in all the three groups .The 72 h dynamic glucose monitoring (CGMS ) was adopted in T2DM + CHD group ,then according to the MAGE levels ,T2DM+ CHD group was subdivided intotertiles :the lowest tertile subgroup (2.43～3.44 mmol/L ,n=31) ,the middle tertile subgroup (3.45～4.46 mmol/L ,n=39) and the highest tertile subgroup (4.47～5.45 mmol/L ,n= 30) .Influencing factors for PON3 and ApoA1 were analyzed by multivariate linear regression analysis . Results (1)The SBP ,DBP ,FPG ,2 hPG ,HbA1c ,FIns ,ApoB ,BUN ,HOMA-IR , ApoA1 and number of smokers were higher in T2DM + CHD group than in NC group .FPG ,2 hPG ,HbA1c ,FIns and HOMA-IR were higher in T2DM+ CHD group than in T2DM group(P<0.05 or P<0.01) .LDL-C ,Lp-a and hsC-RP were higher ,and the PON3 were lower in T2DM +CHD group than in T2DM group and NC group (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01);(2)With the increase of blood glucose fluctuation range ,the levels of PON3[(0.58 ± 0.10) vs (0.44 ± 0.07) vs (0.25 ± 0.01) ng/ml]and ApoA1 [(2.33 ± 1.04) vs (2.31 ± 0.71) vs(1.05 ± 0.48)g/L]were reduced(all P=0.000);(3)Multiple linear regression analysis showed that BMI ,hsC-RP ,HOMA-IR and MAGE were influencing factors for PON3. And HbA1c ,hsC-RP and MAGE were influencing factors for ApoA1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01) . Conclusion Serum PON3 level is lower and ApoA1 level is higher in T2DM patients with CHD .Glucose fluctuation may be only an influencing factor for ApoA1 level .

Level of apolipoprotein and other related indicators in adults in Hunan province / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the levels and the abnormal incidences of apolipoprotein and other related indicators in health people in Hunan province,and to provide data for establishment of reference intervals in Hunan province.Methods The people with physical examination (n =341) were chosen from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University during August 2014 ～ October 2014 (male,n =239;female,n =102) with age from 22 to 77 years old.All people were divided into 4 groups according to their age:group A aged from 22 to 42 (35.56 ± 5.39),group B aged from 43 to 48 (45.59 ± 1.59),group C aged from 49 to 55 (51.19 ± 1.81),and group D aged from 56 to 77 (63.08 ±5.84).The levels of apoAI,apoB,Lp (a),hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),and homocysteine (HCY) were detected with automatic biochemical analyzer,and were compared among different age groups and between male and female in each age group.Results Compared to male,the average levels of apoAI,and Lp (a) were significantly increased (P ＜0.05),and apoB,hs-CRP,and Hcy were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05) in the female.The levels of apoB,and hs-CRP were significantly different among 4 age groups (P ＜ 0.05).The abnormal rate in each index among 4 age groups was not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05).For groups A,B and D,the abnormal rate of Hcy was significant higher in male relative to female (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions All the indices have significant difference between male and female (P ＜0.05).The levels of apoAI,Lp (a),hs-CRP,and Hcy do not change with the changed age.However,apoB has a certain relationship with age.The level and abnormal rate of Hcy are significantly higher in male relative to female.

Impact of estimated HDL particle size via the ratio of HDL-C and apoprotein A-I on short-term prognosis of diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

BackgroundRevascularization and statin therapy are routinely used in the management of stable coronary artery disease. However, it is unclear whether the estimated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle size (eHDL-S), the ratio of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) to apoprotein A-I (apoA-I), is associated with the clinical outcomes of diabetic patients with stablecoronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsWe per-formed a prospective cohort study of 328 patients diagnosed with stable CAD by coronary angiography. Patients were followed up for a mean duration of 12 months. The patients were divided into three groups by the tertiles of eHDL-S: low eHDL-S ( 0.79,n= 99). The associations between the baseline eHDL-S and short-term out-comes were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional regression.Results The low eHDL-S group had higher trig-lyceride, hemoglobin A1c, uric acid, and leukocyte count than the other groups. During the follow-up period, 47/328 patients experienced a pre-specified outcome. According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the incidence of pre-specified outcomes was lower in the high eHDL-S group (P = 0.04). However, eHDL-S was not independently associated with adverse outcomes in Cox proportional hazards regression (haz-ard ratio (HR): 0.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.01-11.24,P = 0.493).ConclusionAlthough the eHDL-S was associated with inflammatory biomarkers, it was not independently associated with the short-term prognosis of diabetic patients with stable CAD in the era of revascularization and potent statin therapy.

Niveles séricos de lipoproteína (a), apoproteínas A1 y B100 y otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población de adultos del área urbana de san josé, Costa Rica / Serum levels of lipoprotein (a), apolipoproteins A1 and B100, and other cardiovascular risk factors in an adult population of the urban area of san jose, Costa Rica

Introducción y objetivos: La enfermedad cardiovascular es la primera causa de muerte en Costa Rica, razón por la cual seplantea el estudio de nuevos factores de riesgo en una población adulta de la provincia de San José.Métodos: Este estudio evaluó las concentraciones séricas del perfil lipídico, glucosa, lipoproteína (a), apoproteínas A1, B100y otros factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular en una población de 430 adultos con edades entre los 20 y 60años del área metropolitana de San José, Costa Rica.Resultados: La prevalencia de hiperlipoproteinemia (a) (≥ 0,3 g/L), hiperapoproteinemia B (> 0,65 g/L), hipercolesterolemia(> 5,17mmol/L), intolerancia a la glucosa (5,55-6,98 mmol/L) y diabetes mellitus (≥ 6,99 mmol/L) en la población es de67,8%, 87,4%, 46,3%, 14,2% y 5,7% respectivamente, sin diferencias significativas por sexo. La prevalencia de hipertrigliceridemia(>1,69 mmol/L) en la población es de 45,3%, siendo significativamente mayor en hombres que en mujeres (53,4%vs 37,2%; p = 0,001). Un porcentaje considerable de la población estudiada con niveles elevados de lipoproteína (a) (n =313) mostró simultáneamente uno o varios parámetros del perfil lipídico y la glucosa elevados. El 52,1 % presentó colesteroltotal ≥ 5,17 mmol/L; 44,4% triglicéridos ≥ 1,69 mmol/L; 25,2% HDL-colesterol < 1,03 mmol/L; 67,4 % LDL-colesterol ≥2,58 mmol/L, 45,0 % índice de Castelli ≥ 4,5, 17,9% glucosa ≥ 5,55 mmol/L y 88,8% apoproteína B > 0,65g/L. La prevalenciade síndrome metabólico en la población en estudio y según los criterios diagnósticos establecidos por la OrganizaciónMundial de la Salud es de 4,2%, fue mayor entre el género masculino (7,3% vs 1,7%; p = 0,008)...

Introduction and objectives: Cardiovascular disease is the first death cause in Costa Rica. This investigation proposes thestudy of new risk factors in an adult population of the province of San José.Methods: This study evaluated the lipid profile, glucose and other related cardiovascular risk factors in 430 adults aged20 to 60 years, residents of the metropolitan area of San José, Costa Rica.Results: The prevalences of hyperlipoprotein (a) (≥ 0,3 g/L), hyperapoprotein B (> 0,65 g/L), hypercholesterolemia (> 5,17mmol/L), impaired glucose tolerance (5,55-6,98 mmol/L) and diabetes mellitus (≥ 6,99 mmol/L) were 67,8%, 87,4%, 46,3%, 14,2% and 5,7% respectively, without significant differences between genders. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia(>1, 69 mmol/L) was 45,3%, being higher among the male population (53,4% vs. 37,2%; p = 0,001). A significantpercentage of the people included in this study had simultaneously high levels of lipoprotein (a) (n =313) and high levelsof another coronary risk factors such as: high cholesterol (52,1% had levels ≥ 5,17 mmol/L); high triglycerides (44,4% hadlevels ≥ 1,69 mmol/L); low HDL-cholesterol (25,2% had levels < 1,03 mmol/L); high LDL-cholesterol (67,4% had levels ≥2,58 mmol/L), high Castelli Index (45,0% had levels ≥ 4,5) , high glucose (17,9% had levels ≥ 5,55 mmol/L) and finally highlevels of apoprotein B (88,8% had levels > 0,65 g/L). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the studied population,according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, was 4,2%, being higher among the male group (7,3% vs.1,7%; p = 0,008)...

Construction of a VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 Bi-targeting oligopeptide-based fusion protein A7/G6-LDP and its anti-angiogenic activity / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To construct a VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 bi-targeting oligopeptide-based fusion protein A7/G6-LDP and investigate its anti-angiogenic activity and the mechanism of action. METHODS: PCR and overlap PCR were used to construct the fusion protein A7/G6-LDP expression vector that consists of the gene encoding G6, A7, LDP, and the linker peptide. The product was purified by affinity chromatography and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. The binding activity to endothelial cells was examined by ELISA and immunocytochemical staining. The inhibition of HMEC-1 proliferation was determined with CCK-8 assays. The phosphorylation of AKT and c-Raf was detected by Western blotting. HMEC-1 migration was determined using a wound healing assay and tube formation was measured after incubation on Matrigel. RESULTS: The data of DNA sequence confirmed that the A7/G6-LDP fusion protein was correctly constructed. The fusion protein was recovered in high yield (up to 20 mg·L-1) and high purity after His-tag purification. A7/G6-LDP bound to HMEC-1 and HUVEC, respectively; in addition, it inhibited endothelial cell proliferation more effectively than LDP alone when used higher concentration. Moreover, A7/G6-LDP disrupted the formation of endothelial tube structures and inhibited endothelial cell migration. The mechanistic study showed that A7/G6-LDP decreased the phosphorylation of AKT in HMEC. CONCLUSION: The engineered VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 bi-targeting oligopeptide-based fusion protein A7/G6-LDP effectively inhibits anti-angiogenesis. It might serve as a drug delivery carrier in targeted cancer therapy.

Effect of silkworm chrysalis oil on apoprotein and lipid-metabolizedenzyme level in hyperlipidemia rats / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the regulation of the silkworm chrysalis oil on the plasma lipid in hyperlipidemia rats and its mechanism. Methods: The rat model of hyperlipidemia was built by high fat diet and then ig administration of silkworm chrysalis oil for six weeks to observe TQ TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, ApoAI, ApoB, LCAT, LPL, and HL levels in the serum of rat every two weeks, then killed the rats in the sixth week, weighed the liver, and detected the LPL and HL levels in the liver. Results: Compared to the indexes of model group, the blood lipids (TG and TC), lipoprotein (HDL-C and LDL-C), apoprotein (ApoAI and ApoB), LCAT, LPL, and HL levels of the rats in every group treated with silkworm oil were significantly different (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, and the change of the relative enzyme level was earlier than that of the blood lipid and lipoprotein level. Conclusion: The silkworm chrysalis oil could regulate the plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in the serum of rats by activating apoprotein and correlating lipid-metabolizedenzyme, thereby to treat the hyperlipidemia.

Anti-atherosclerotic Effect of Jiawei Zexie Tang in Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To study the antiatherosclerotic effect of Jiawei zexie tang(GWZXT) and the possible mechanisms.METHODS: 48 healthy male SD rats were randomized to 5 groups,i.e normal control,model group,simvastatin group,and high dosage and low dosage GWZXT groups.Artherosclerosis rat model was established by feeding high fat forage and the corresponding drugs were administered intragastrically.Changes in serum levels of APoAⅠ,ApoB,Zn,Cu,Ca and Mg and the ultrastructure were detected.RESULTS: In high dosage GWZXT-treated group compared with model group,the Zn,Ca and ApoB levels decreased significantly(P

Activation of Urease Apoprotein of Helicobacter pylori

H. pylori produces urease abundantly amounting to 6% of total protein of bacterial mass. Urease genes are composed of a cluster of 9 genes of ureC, ureD, ureA, ureB, ureI, ureE, ureF, ureG, ureH. Production of H. pylori urease in E. coli was studied with genetic cotransformation. Structural genes ureA and ureB produce urease apoprotein in E, coli but the apoprotein has no enzymatic activity. ureC and ureD do not affect urease production nor enzyme activity ureF, ureG, and ureH are essential to produce the catalytically active H. pylori urease of structural genes (ureA and ureB) in E.coli. The kinetics of activation of H. pylori urease apoprotein were examined to understand the production of active H. pylori urease. Activation of H. pylori urease apoprotein, pH dependency, reversibility of CO2 binding, irreversibility of CO2 and Ni2+ incorporation, and CO2 dependency of initial rate of urease activity have been observed in vitro. The intrinsic reactivity (ko) for carbamylation of urease apoprotein coexpressed with accessory genes was 17-fold greater than that of urease apoprotein expressed without accessory genes. It is concluded that accessory genes function in maximizing the carbamylating deprotonated E-amino group of Lys 219 of urease B subunit and metallocenter of urease apoprotein is supposed to be assembled by reaction of a deprotonated protein side chain with an activating CO2 molecule to generate ligands that facilitate productive nickel binding.

Analysis of Lp(a) Phenotype in Patients with end Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis / 대한신장학회잡지

BACKGROUNDS: Cardiovascular diseases is one of the major causes of death in patients with end stage renal disease(ESRD) receiving hemodialysis. Elevated plasma concentrations of lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] have been established as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated the pattern of apolipoprotein(a)[apo(a)] phenotypes in Korean ESRD patients on hemodialysis and evaluated the relationship between Lp(a) concentration and apo(a) phenotype. METHOD: Fasting serum Lp(a) was measured in 100 patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis and in 100 age-and gender-matched normal subjects as control. Apo(a) phenotyping was also performed with SDS-PAGE using Phast system in both groups. RESULT: Lp(a) concentrations were significantly elevated in ESRD patients as compared with the controls(19.2mg/dL, 9.8-38.9mg/dL vs. 4.3mg/dL, 1.0-18.8mg/dL)(p<0.05). Ninety eight patients had apo(a) phenotypes of high molecular weight such as S3, S3S4, S3S5, S4, S4S5, and S5. The distribution of apo(a) isoform in the ESRD patients was not different from that of normal controls. With common apo(a) isoforms such as S3, S4 and S5, elevation of Lp(a) level was demonstrated in ESRD patients compared with normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Most of Korean ESRD patients on hemodialysis had apo(a) phenotypes of high molecular weight. And elevation of serum Lp(a) in these patients could be due to the nongenetic factors related with renal failure rather than the apo(a) polymorphism.