Métodos, modelos y evaluación en la autopsia psicológica: Una revisión bibliográfica en Iberoamérica / Methods, models and evaluation in the psychological autopsy: a bibliographic revision in Ibero-America / Métodos, modelos e avaliação na autópsia psicológica: uma revisão bibliográfica em Ibero-América

Resumen La Autopsia Psicológica (AP) es una técnica de evaluación retrospectiva útil en el campo clínico-forense que desde sus inicios de aplicación ha sido utilizada para reconstruir el perfil psicológico y el estado mental de personas fallecidas, permitiendo, además, aclarar la causa o circunstancia de una muerte, pero que, a pesar de la diversidad de instrumentos utilizados, hoy en día sigue presentando algunos vacíos metodológicos y no cuenta con una herramienta estandarizada que facilite su utilización. Es por ello que, a través de un estudio de diseño teórico, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para analizar la literatura existente en Iberoamérica, mediante las siguientes categorías: métodos de aplicación y de estudio, modelos y evaluación. Con ellas se logró identificar 37 artículos seleccionados de siete bases de datos científicas que muestran los resultados de estudios desarrollados durante el periodo 2001-2017. Se evidencian como hallazgos significativos una mayor producción de investigación teórica, orientadas a definir y clarificar el objetivo y proceso de aplicación de la AP y la implementación de entrevistas semiestructuradas como principal medio de recolección de información. Finalmente, se destaca la importancia de generar investigaciones centradas en la validación de instrumentos de AP que permitan consolidar su carácter científico.

Abstract The Psychological Autopsy (PA) is a retrospective evaluation technique useful in the clinical forensic field that since its beginning of application has been used to reconstruct the psychologic profile and the mental status of deceased people, allowing, furthermore, to clarify the cause or circumstance of a death, but that, despite the diversity of instruments used, today it still presents some methodological lacks and does not count on a standardized tool that facilitates its use. That is why, through a study of theoretical design, a bibliographic revision to analyze the existing literature in Ibero-America was performed, by means of the following categories: methods of application and study, models and evaluation. With them one can identify 37 studies selected from seven scientific databases that show the results of studies developed during the 2001-2017 period. As significant findings are evinced a greater production of theoretical investigation, oriented to define and clarify the objective and process of applicationof the PA, and the implementation of semi-structured interviews as main way to collect the information. Finally, one highlights the importance of generate investigations centered in the validation of instruments of PA that allows consolidate its scientific character.

Resumo A Autópsia Psicológica (AP) é uma técnica de avaliação retrospectiva útil no campo clínico-forense que desde os seus inícios de aplicação tem sido utilizada para reconstruir o perfil e o estado mental de pessoas falecidas, permitindo, além disso, aclarar a causa ou circunstância de uma morte, mas que, apesar da diversidade de instrumentos utilizados, hoje em dia segue apresentando alguns vazios metodológicos e não conta com una ferramenta estandardizada que facilite a sua utilização. É por isso que, através de um estudo de projeto teórico, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica para analisar a literatura existente em Ibero-América, mediante as seguintes categorias: métodos de aplicação e de estudo, modelos e avaliação. Com elas alcançou-se identificar 37 artigos selecionados de sete bases de dados científicas que mostram os resultados de estudos desenvolvidos durante o período 2001-2017. Evidencia-se como descobertas significativas uma maior produção de investigação teórica, orientada para definir e clarificar o objetivo e proceso de aplicação da AP, e a implementação de entrevistas semiestruturadas como principal meio de recolecção de informação. Finalmente, destaca-se a importância de gerar investigações centradas na validação de instrumentos de AP que permitam consolidar o seu caráter científico.

Usage and Dosage of Kaihoujian Throat Spray (for Children) in Treatment of Acute Pharyngitis and Acute Tonsillitis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the effective dose range of Kaihoujian throat spray (for children) in treating acute pharyngitis and acute tonsillitis, in order to provide the reference for the usage and dosage in clinic. Method:A total of 160 juvenile SD rats were divided into 16 groups according to the body mass grade, namely normal group, model group, amoxicillin or ribavirin group, compound Yizhi Huanghua group and different doses of Kaihoujian (for children) groups. The different doses of Kaihoujian (for children) groups were divided into 12 treatment groups based on 2 sprays/time, 4 times/day, 4 sprays/time, 4 times/day, 6 sprays/time, 4 times/day, 8 sprays/time, 4 times/day, 2 sprays/time, 6 times/day, 4 sprays/time, 6 times/day, 6 sprays/time, 6 times/day, 8 sprays/time, 6 times/day, 2 sprays/time, 8 times/day, 4 sprays/time, 8 times/day, 6 sprays/time, 8 times/day, and 8 sprays/time, 8 times/day. Except for normal group, all of the remaining groups were included in three animal models, namely 5%ammonia-induced acute pharyngitis in rat, B type streptococcus haemolyticus-induced acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis in rabbit, and adenovirus-induced acute pharyngitis in mice. Then the optimal usage and dosage of Kaihoujian throat spray (for children) were evaluated based on pharyngeal lesion score and htoxylin eosin(HE) staining. Result:There were significant differences in pharyngeal and tonsil lesions between the model group and the normal group (PPPConclusion:The clinical usage and dosage of Kaihoujian throat spray (for children) in treating acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis were suggested to be 2 sprays/times, 6~8 times/day for 1~3 year-old children; 3~6 sprays/times, 6~8 times/day for 4~6 year-old children and 5~8 sprays/times, 6~8 times/day for 7~12 year-old children.

Research progress in safety for medicinal and edible Areca catechu / 中草药

Areca catechu is not only Chinese medicinal material but also one of traditional foods in Southeast Asia and China. In this paper, the usage and security were reviewed to discuss the effect of A. catechu on human health. Meanwhile, we put forward suggestions for the security of A. catechu and they may contribute to the medicinal and edible industry of A. catechu in future.

The Experience and Understand on Drug Dispensing by Automated Drug Dispensing Machine / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To introduce how to use the automated drug dispensing machine to prepare drugs in single dose and to introduce our experience in the application of this machine. METHODS:The working principe, application context, and the functional advantage of the machine were introduced, and the problems encountered in the use of the machine was analyzed based on our experience, and the prospect of the machine was discussed. RESULTS: The machine enjoys the advantages of raising work efficiency, lowering dispensing error rate and bringing about convenience for patient to use, but it has its limitation in that it proposes higher requirement for software and hardware environment. CONCLUSION: The application of this automatic system will be more widespread with people’s increasing demand on medical care.