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Radiotherapy is one of the most important components of cancer treatment. Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) is the mainstream tool in the precision radiation oncology. Magnetic resonance (MR) accelerator can perform MRI for tumors during radiotherapy, deliver real-time tracing and monitoring of tumors and thus realize the MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy. Here, the latest research status and clinical application of MR accelerator in lung cancer were reviewed.
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【Objective】 To standardize the application process of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in Blood Transfusion Departments for neurological diseases. 【Methods】 Working procedures of 2 785 TPE sessions in 617 patients with neurological diseases, from January 2019 to May 2021, were analyzed and summarized. The experiences and methods during TPE, druing patient evaluation, protocol formulation and implementation, and the management of adverse reaction during or at the end of TPE were summarized to optimize the application process of each link. 【Results】 A systematic application process could standardize the responsibilities of blood transfusion physicians and neurologists in indication, adverse reaction and treatment program. During the TPE treatment, different degrees of adverse reactions were handled in time, providing a reliable guarantee for patient safety. 【Conclusion】 Standardized application process, as the basis for TPE implementation in neurologic diseases, is the premise of safety treatment for patients.
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Objective:With the fast increasing of patent applications and authorizations in the field of pharmaceutical industry in China, it is of great significance to deploy the international market in advance. This study takes the overseas patent application work of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University as an example, to explore feasible methods that suitable for research-oriented hospitals to help high-value patents enter the international market.Methods:Based on the working procedures and common ways of overseas patents declared by Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from 2018 to 2020, this study analyzes the process of international applications of scientific of technological innovation achievements of research-oriented hospitals and summarizes the elements of patent application through working practices.Results:A standardized international patent application approach in public hospitals should include the following six parts: value evaluation before international patent filing, selection of the country when entering the national phase, professional assistance of patent agency company, hospital internal audit process, multi-channel access to intellectual property management and operating capital support, professional talent team construction.Conclusions:A set of standardized procedures for the application of overseas patents in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University can help high-value patents enter the advanced market, which is operable and worthy for further generalization in other research hospitals.
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Traditional teaching approach is a method which lack of overall quality cultivation among students. However, the teaching approach which is combined with counter examples can stimulate their study interests, enhance critical thinking ability and promote theory-practice combination. Counter-example teaching approach has been applied in nursing education in these years and It plays an active role in improving nursing educational quality. This paper aims to provide reference to formulate a scheme of cultivating all-round developed nurses through summarizing the advantages and disadvantages, and application process of counter-example teaching approach used in nursing education.