Herbal Textual Research on Asini Corii Colla in Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Through consulting the ancient and modern literature， this paper makes a textual research on the name， origin， producing area， harvesting and processing methods of Asini Corii Colla， so as to provide a basis for the development of the famous classical formulas containing the medicinal material. Before the Tang dynasty， cow leather was the main source of Asini Corii Colla， and donkey was rare as an introduced species. From the end of Tang dynasty to Song dynasty， due to the development of doctors' understanding of the properties and effects of medicines， with the increase of the number of donkeys and the limitation of the use of cow leather， the source of Asini Corii Colla changed from cow leather to donkey skin. During the Ming and Qing dynasties， the theory of medicine property was further developed， and all doctors basically agreed that black donkey skin and E-well water were two essential factors for making genuine Asini Corii Colla. Therefore， it is suggested that Asini Corii Colla should take Equus asinus as the authentic origin in the development of the famous classical formulas， attach importance to the quality of water source， take Liaocheng in Shandong province as the authentic producing area， and the processing should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Collagen derived species-specific peptides for distinguishing donkey-hide gelatin (Asini Corii Colla) / 中草药·英文版

Objective: As an important food therapy product with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) applications, donkey-hide gelatin (Asini Corii Colla, ACC) has been used for thousands of years. However, till now few effective strategy had been proposed to distinguish ACC from other animal hide gelatins, especially closely related horse- and mule-hide gelatins, which was an embarrassment of ACC quality control. Methods: Combined mass spectrometry and bioinformatic methods have been applied to identify and verify two ACC-specific peptides (Pep-1 and Pep-2) capable of distinguishing ACC from other closely related animal gelatins with high selectivity. Results: It confirmed that these two peptides could be not only used for distinguishing ACC from highly homologous horse-hide and mule-hide gelatins as well as other animal hide gelatins. Conclusion: The present study provides a simple method for species-specific peptides discovery, which can be used for assessing the quality of animal gelatin products, and ensure they are authenticable and traceable.

Analysis of peptides and proteins from Asini Corii Colla using nano LC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

This paper aims to systematically analyze the peptides and proteins from Asini Corii Colla(ACC) through shotgun proteomics. After high-pH reversed-phase fractionation, the proteins and peptides in the hydrolysate of ACC were further separated by nano LC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS under the following conditions: Thermo Scientific EASY column(100 μm×2 cm, 5 μm, C_(18)) as precolumn, Thermo Scientific EASY column(75 μm×100 mm, 3 μm, C_(18)) for solid phase extraction, gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water(mobile phase A) and 84% acetonitrile in water containing 0.1% formic acid(mobile phase B), and MS in positive ion mode. Based on Uniprot_Equus caballus, MS data, and literature, 2 291 peptides were identified from ACC by MaxQuant, with 255 Maillard reactions(AML, CML, CEL)-modified peptides identified for the first time. Through alignment, the peptides were found to belong to 678 equine proteins. In conclusion, the combination of nano LC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS and shotgun proteomics achieved rapid and accurate identification of the proteins and peptides in ACC, which provides the key information and new insights for further investigation of chemicals and effective substances in ACC.

Study on anti-fatigue, anti-oxidative and hemostatic effects of small molecule Asini Corii Colla / 中国药理学通报

Aim: To study the anti-fatigue,anti-oxidative and hemostatic effects of small molecule Asini Corii Colla (SMACC). Methods: Rat model of complex blood deficiency was established to detect the exhausted time of swimming, hematology, superoxide dismutase (SOD), serum maleic dialdehyde (MDA), and lipid peroxide (LPO) levels, aiming to explore the anti-fatigue and anti-oxidative effects of SMACC. ICR mice were used to measure the blood clotting time (CT) and bleeding time (BT). Fevered and bleeding model and the heparinized bleeding model in rats were established to investigate the effect of SMACC in hemostasis and its possible mechanism. Results: Compared with model group, SMACC significantly prolonged the swimming time of model rats (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01) and decreased the content of serum MDA, LPO (P < 0.05,P<0.01) at doses of 1. 500,0. 750,0. 375 g. kg-1,and increased the number of lymphocytes in the blood at doses of 1. 500,0. 375 g. kg-1 (P <0. 05). SMACC of 3. 00,1.50 g kg-1 significantly reduced the BT and CT (P < 0. 05). SMACC markedly reversed the prolonged prothrombin time (P < 0. 05) and the adverse changes of the hematological indicators. Conclusions: SMACC has the pharmacological effects of anti-fatigue, anti-oxidation and enhancing endurance, and also the effects of hemostasis and convergence.

Research progress on quality control of gelatinous Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Gelatinous Chinese materia medica (GCMM), as a valuable nourishing traditional medicine in China, has been used widely for a long time. The quality control for GCMM has undergone a long development, including physical and chemical tests, thin layer chromatography, electrophoresis, spectroscopy, HPLC, DNA identification techniques, and LC-MS with unique peptide as target. The article summarizes the progress of quality control system of GCMM in recent years, analyzes the remaining problems, puts forward the feasibility protocol to further improve the quality control system, and provides ideas for the comprehensive evaluation of GCMM and its related products.

Medication Regularity Study on Prescriptions Containing Asini Corii Colla Based on Literature / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To discuss the medication regularity of prescriptions containing Asini Corii Colla;To provide data support for clinical compatibility application of Asini Corii Colla.Methods Totally 2635 articles about prescriptions containing Asini Corii Colla were retrieved from CNKI from Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2012. TCM Inheritance Support System V2.0 was employed to conduct frequency analysis and association rules analysis, with a purpose to determine the frequency, indications of disease, indications of syndrome and medicine core combination of common prescriptions containing Asini Corii Colla.Results The 2635 prescriptions containing Asini Corii Colla involved 1197 Chinese herbal medicines, 34 kinds of which were used in extremely high frequency (frequency>200). 30 kinds of indications of disease were treated in the high frequency (frequency>20). 32 kinds of indications of syndrome were treated in the high frequency (frequency>20). The combination of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Asini Corii Colla showed the highest frequency in all three herbal combinations (486 times), and Atractylodix Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Asini Corii Colla, Codonopsis Radix and Astragali Radix showed the highest frequency in all four herbal combinations (272 times).Conclusion Most of compatibility them can enrich blood and tonify qi, and have major functions for gynecological diseases and major syndromes of qi-blood deficiency.

Study on Spray Drying Technology of Instant Asini Corii Colla / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to research the spray drying technology of instant Asini Corii Colla. HPLC was used. Contents of four kinds of amino acid and collection rate of powder were used as the indexes. The single factor experiment and orthogonal test were combined in the optimization of process conditions. The results showed that the best technology of spray drying technology was medicine liquid density of 1.10 (determined under the temperature of 60℃), inlet air temperature at 165℃, the pressed air speed was 45 L·h-1, the fluid speed was 15%. It was conclud-ed that the technology was reasonable and reliable, which can provide certain reference in the industrial production.

Determination of 13 amino acids in Asini Corii Colla by RP-HPLC with precolumn derivatization / 中草药

Objective: To establish a RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of 13 amino acids in Asini Corii Colla. Methods: Asini Corii Colla was hydrolyzed for 3 h at 120°C using 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and the amino acids were determined by RP-HPLC after being derived with phenyl isothiocyanate. HPLC was performed on an Eclipse AAA column (75 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) with acetonitrile-110 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution (1:99) as mobile phase A and acetic acid-acetonitrile-water (0.05:80:20) as mobile phase B in the gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The column temperature was 42°C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Results: The 13 amino acids were separated within 36 min with a good linearity (r > 0.9977) in the range of the test concentration. The average recoveries (n = 3) were 95.2%-104.4% and the RSD values were less than 5.0%. Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate, and repeatable, which could be available for the quality control of Asini Corii Colla. It may also serve as a good reference for the determination of amino acids in other pharmaceuticals.