Characterization, In Vitro Antioxidant And Hepatoprotective Activity Of Fungal Endophytic Extracts Of Andrographis Paniculata Leaves In Ccl4 Induced Hepatotoxicity

Objective: To isolate and characterize the endophytic fungi from the leaves of Andrographis paniculata for free radical scavenging antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity Methods: Two fungal endophytes, APLF-3 (Andrographis paniculata leaf fungi-3) and APLF-4 (Andrographis paniculata leaf fungi-4) were isolated from leaves of Andrographis paniculata to get chloroform (A3C, A4C), ethyl acetate (A3EA, A4EA) and n butanol (A3nB, A4nB) extracts. rDNA sequencing by PCR technique was carried out for identification of APLF-3 and APLF-4. All the APLF-3 and APLF-4 extracts were assayed for in vitro free radical scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical and reducing power. Then, A4EA and A4nB were screened for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity at 50 mg/kg and100 mg/kg doses. Results: The endophytic fungi, APLF-3 and APLF-4, were identified as Phyllosticta sp. ZLY-2010 isolate M13 and Aspergillus tubingensis strain Cs/7/2 respectively based on their morphological and molecular characterization. A4EA and A4nB showed significant in vitro free radical scavenging activity as compared to other extracts. A4EA and A4nB (50 mg/kg and100 mg/kg) reversed the increased serum biochemical parameters as compared to CCl4 treated group (p<0.001). A4EA and A4nB (100 mg/kg p. o) also restored the LPO, SOD and CAT levels. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the extracts (A4EA and A4nB) obtained from endophytic fungi APLF-4 contributed towards hepatoprotective activity.

Laboratory efficacy of mycoparasitic fungi (Aspergillus tubingensis and Trichoderma harzianum) against tropical bed bugs (Cimex hemipterus) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Objective:To test the effectiveness of conidial spore formulations [Aspergillus tubingensis (A.tubingensis) and Trichoderma harzianum (T.harzianum)] against tropical bed bugs,Clnex hemipterus.Methods:Spore formulations were made from two fungal strains,T.harzianum and A.tubingensis.The bed bugs were exposed to the conidial spores placed soaked onto a fabric cloth for 1 h and the mortality counts were recorded daily until 14 days.Results:Mean survival times based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant differences between all the concentrations in both the fungal isolates:T.harzianum and A.tubingensis.However,the evaluation of both the isolates in terms of virulence resulted in low lethal hours in all the concentrations except for the high concentration ofA.tubingensis (LT50 =44.629 h) at the conidial exposure of 1 × 106 spores/mL.Rapid mortality of the bed bugs was observed from Day 6 to Day 12,ranging from 13％ to 90％ in all three concentrations of A.tubingensis.With reference to the T.harzianum exposure,the concentration of 1 × 104 spores/mL displayed a gradual increase in the percentage mortality of 90 on Day 14.Conclusions:Approaches to the bed bugs treatment should be explored in-depth using a natural biological agent like fungus especially A.tubingensis to reduce this pest population,in order to replace chemical methods.

Laboratory efficacy of mycoparasitic fungi (Aspergillus tubingensis and Trichoderma harzianum) against tropical bed bugs (Cimex hemipterus) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Objective To test the effectiveness of conidial spore formulations [Aspergillus tubingensis (A. tubingensis) and Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum)] against tropical bed bugs, Cimex hemipterus. Methods Spore formulations were made from two fungal strains, T. harzianum and A. tubingensis. The bed bugs were exposed to the conidial spores placed soaked onto a fabric cloth for 1 h and the mortality counts were recorded daily until 14 days. Results Mean survival times based on Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed no significant differences between all the concentrations in both the fungal isolates: T. harzianum and A. tubingensis. However, the evaluation of both the isolates in terms of virulence resulted in low lethal hours in all the concentrations except for the high concentration of A. tubingensis (LT

Statistical optimization for tannase production by Aspergillus tubingensis in solid-state fermentation using tea stalks

Background A sequential statistical strategy was used to optimize tannase production from Aspergillus tubingensis using tea stalks by solid-state fermentation. Results First, using a Plackett-Burman design, inoculum size and incubation time (among seven tested variables) were identified as the most significant factors for tannase yield. The effects of significant variables were further evaluated through a single steepest ascent experiment and central composite design with response surface analysis. Under optimal conditions, the experimental value of 84.24 units per gram of dry substrate (U/gds) closely matched the predicted value of 87.26 U/gds. Conclusions The result of the statistical approach was 2.09 times higher than the basal medium (40.22 U/gds). The results were fitted onto a second-order polynomial model with a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.9340, which implied an adequate credibility of the model.