Relationship between atherogenic index of plasma and childhood asthma / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and childhood asthma.@*METHODS@#This retrospective study included 86 children with asthma admitted to the Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from July 2020 to August 2022 as the asthma group and 149 healthy children undergoing physical examination during the same period as the control group. Metabolic parameters including total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood glucose, as well as general information of the children such as height, weight, body mass index, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, and feeding history, were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to study the relationship between AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and asthma. The value of AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol for predicting asthma was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.@*RESULTS@#The AIP and triglyceride levels in the asthma group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two groups (P>0.05). Before and after adjusting for height, weight, presence of specific dermatitis, history of inhalant allergen hypersensitivity, family history of asthma, feeding method, and blood glucose, multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with asthma (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal cutoff value for predicting asthma with AIP was -0.333, with a sensitivity of 80.2%, specificity of 55.0%, positive predictive value of 50.71%, and negative predictive value of 82.85%. The area under the curve (AUC) for AIP in predicting asthma was significantly higher than that for triglycerides (P=0.009), but there was no significant difference in AUC between AIP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.686).@*CONCLUSIONS@#AIP, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are all associated with asthma. AIP has a higher value for predicting asthma than triglycerides and comparable value to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Value of atherogenic index of plasma combined with Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis in the early prediction of severe hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the severity of hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) and the value of AIP combined with Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) score in the early prediction of severe HTG-AP (sHTG-AP). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 170 patients with HTG-AP who were hospitalized in The General Hospital of Central Theater Command from January 2017 to December 2021, and according to related guidelines, they were divided into the sHTG-AP group with 28 patients and non-sHTG-AP group with 142 patients. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all patients within 24 hours after admission, and the two groups were compared in terms of sex, age, laboratory test results, AIP, BISAP score, and modified CT severity index (MCTSI) score. The chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups; the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between groups. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to investigate the correlation between each factor and the severity of HTG-AP, and the binary logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the independent risk factors for sHTG-AP. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess the predictive efficacy of each indicator. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in the medical history of diabetes, lymphocyte count, albumin, Ca 2+ , triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, AIP, BISAP score, MCTSI score, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs (all P < 0.05). The sHTG-AP group had a longer length of hospital stay, higher hospital costs, and a higher AIP value. AIP (odds ratio [ OR ]=1.244, 95% confidence interval [ CI ]: 1.062-1.458, P =0.007), BISAP score ( OR =5.525, 95% CI : 1.646-18.543, P =0.006), and MCTSI score ( OR =2.029, 95% CI : 1.245-3.305, P =0.004) were risk factors for sHTG-AP. AIP, BISAP score, and MCTSI score were positively correlated with the severity of HTG-AP ( r =0.291, 0.631, and 0.649, all P < 0.001), and AIP was positively correlated with BISAP score and MCTSI score ( r =0.190 and 0.215, both P < 0.05). AIP had an optimal cut-off value of 1.095 in predicting sHTG-AP, and AIP, BISAP score, and AIP combined with BISAP score had an area under the ROC curve of 0.759, 0.887, 0.925, respectively, a sensitivity of 0.821, 0.857, and 0.786, respectively, and a specificity of 0.627, 0.817, and 0.937, respectively (all P < 0.001). Conclusion AIP is a risk factor for sHTG-AP and is correlated with disease severity, and AIP combined with BISAP score has a relatively high value in the early prediction of sHTG-AP.

Value of atherogenic index of plasma in predicting metabolic associated fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the association between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and metabolic associated fatty liver (MAFLD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 375 patients with T2DM who were hospitalized and treated in Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from September 2021 to September 2022 were enrolled, and according to the presence or absence of MAFLD, they were divided into T2DM+MAFLD group with 245 patients and T2DM group with 130 patients. Related clinical data were recorded, and AIP was calculated. According to the quartiles of AIP, the patients were divided into Q1 group (AIP≤0.20), Q2 group (0.20 0.48). The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups; the trend chi-square test was used for the trend analysis of categorical data. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of AIP on MAFLD, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to assess the value of the indicators such as AIP, body mass index (BMI), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in predicting T2DM with MAFLD. Results Compared with the T2DM group, the T2DM+MAFLD group had significant increases in BMI, systolic pressure, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and AIP and a significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein (all P < 0.05). The trend chi-square test showed that the prevalence rate of MAFLD in T2DM patients tended to increase with the increase in AIP level ( χ trend 2 =20.338, P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the Q1 group, the Q4 group had a significant increase in the risk of MAFLD (odds ratio =2.396, 95% confidence interval: 1.018-5.640, P =0.045). The ROC curve analysis showed that the diagnostic model of AIP combined with BMI and ALT had the best diagnostic performance (AUC=0.816), with a sensitivity of 70.2% and a specificity of 78.5% at the optimal cut-off value of 0.670. Conclusion AIP is an independent risk factor for MAFLD in T2DM patients, and AIP combined with BMI and ALT has a good predictive value for T2DM with MAFLD.

Relationship between blood uric acid level and plasma atherogenic index in patients with type 2 diabetes / 中国综合临床

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum uric acid level and atherogenic index of plama (AIP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A retrospective analysis of 485 T2DM patients hospitalized in the First Hospital of Qin Huangdao was performed in August 2019 to August 2021. They were divided into atherogenic phenotype group (the case group, AIP≥0.06, n=326) and non atherogenic phenotype group (the control group, AIP<0.06, n=159) with AIP=0.06 as the cut-off point. The age, sex, body mass index, uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, smoking history and coronary heart disease history were compared between the two groups. The data processing using sample t-test and chi-square test. Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results:Body mass index (27.7±3.6) kg/m 2, systolic pressure (138.4±17.5) mmHg, uric acid (351.6±93.0) μmol/L, triglyceride (3.0±3.4) mmol/L and the proportion of men (61.6%(201/326)), coronary heart disease history (24.3%(79/326)) and smoking history (33.5%(109/326)) in case group were higher than those in control group (25.8±3.5) kg/m 2, (132.2±17.7) mmHg, (291.6±73.8) μmol/L, (1.0±0.3) mmol/L, (51.6%(82/159)), (15.7%(25/159)), (19.5%(31/159)) and the level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (1.1±0.3) mmol/L was lower than that in control group (1.3±0.3) mmol/L,with all statistically significant differences ( t=5.43, P<0.001; t=3.64, P<0.001; t=7.70, P=0.001; t=10.40, P<0.001; χ 2=4.47, P=0.034;χ 2=4.60, P=0.032;χ 2=10.11, P=0.001; t=5.18, P<0.001). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in case group (21.5%(70/326)) was 4.3 times higher than that in control group (5.0%(8/159)). AIP was positively correlated with body mass index ( r=0.300, P<0.001), uric acid ( r=0.343, P<0.001), systolic pressure ( r=0.117, P=0.010), diastolic pressure (r=0.119, P=0.009), triglyceride ( r=0.724, P<0.001), total cholesterol ( r=0.226, P<0.001), while that was negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( r=-0.185, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that after excluding the interference of other factors, uric acid was still related to AIP ( OR=3.727, 95% CI=1.702-8.158, P=0.001), and the risk of AIP increase increased with the increase of uric acid level. Conclusion:The level of serum uric acid in T2DM patients is related to AIP, and high uric acid is an independent risk factor for AIP in T2DM patients.

Predictive value of atherogenic index of plasma in the assessment of acute pancreatitis / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in the assessment of acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods:598 patients diagnosed with AP admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University between January 2016 and December 2020 were recruited and divided into severe acute pancreatitis group (SAP group, n=57) and non-severe acute pancreatitis group (non SAP group, n=541) according to the Atlanta Classification (2012 revision). General clinical data and related biochemical indicators of all enrolled patients were collected, and Bedside Index of Acute Pancreatitis Severity (BISAP) score, Ranson score and CT Severity Index (CTSI) score were performed. The risk factors of SAP were analyzed by logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the evaluation value of AIP and various scoring systems on the severity of pancreatitis. Results:The AIP, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil count (NEUT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC) level, proportion of hyperlipidemia, proportion of diabetes, Ranson score, BISAP score, CTSI score of patients in SAP group were higher than those in non SAP group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AIP was an independent risk factor for SAP ( P<0.05). ROC curve showed that the are under the curve (AUC) of SAP predicted by AIP was 0.706(95% CI: 0.631-0.782, P<0.001). Conclusions:AIP is an independent risk factor for SAP, which helps to assess the severity of AP.

The relationships among atherogenic index of plasma and inflammatory adipocytokines with the severity of coronary artery calcification in coronary artery disease / 中国医师杂志

Objective:The aims of the study were to investigate the relationship among atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and inflammatory adipocytokines with the severity of coronary artery calcification (CAC) score in coronary artery disease (CAD). And then we analyzed the diagnostic value of the new markers on CAC.Methods:A total of 241 patients with CAD diagnosed by coronary CT angiography (CTA) and coronary angiography in Baoding First Central Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. According to the presence of calcification in coronary CTA, they were divided into CAC group ( n=63) and non-CAC group ( n=178). The clinical data of the patients were collected, and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between CAC score and AIP and inflammatory cytokines was analyzed. The diagnostic value of AIP and inflammatory factors in the formation of CAC in patients with CAD. Results:The levels of AIP, serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) and oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in CAC group were higher than those in non-CAC group, while the levels of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were lower than those in non-CAC group, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that CAC score of CAD patients was positively correlated with AIP, OPG and COMP ( r=0.581, 0.451, 0.326, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with FGF21 ( r=-0.294, P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that AIP, OPG, COMP and FGF21 had diagnostic value for CAC in CAD patients (all P<0.05). AIP>0.387, OPG>5.150 ng/ml, FGF21>136.35 pg/ml, COMP>733.16 ng/ml were independent factors affecting the formation of CAC (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The increase of AIP and the change of inflammatory factors can be used as markers for the diagnosis of CAC formation in CAD patients.

Evaluation value of atherogenic index of plasma for long-term prognosis of coronary artery disease / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To determine the predictive value of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) on the long-term prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods:A total of 2 500 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent coronary angiography in Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from May 2013 to November 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the AIP value, the subjects were divided into low AIP group (AIP<0.06) and high AIP group (AIP≥0.06). The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was compared between the two groups. Kaplan-meier method was used to evaluate the MACE-free survival rate, and multivariate Cox survival analysis was used to evaluate the independent predictors of MACE.Results:A total of 2 427 patients were followed up, with a follow-up rate of 97.08% and a median follow-up time of 4.29 years. There were 1 123 cases in the low AIP group and 1 304 cases in the high AIP group, among which 624 patients (25.7%) had MACE. The total incidence of MACE in the high AIP group was higher than that in the low AIP group ( HR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.22-1.68, P<0.01). Kaplan-meier curves showed that the MACE-free survival rate was significantly lower in the high AIP group ( P<0.01). After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, AIP was still associated with the prognosis of CHD patients. Increased AIP (≥0.06) was an independent predictor of MACE in CHD patients within 4 years ( HR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.14-1.58, P<0.01). Conclusions:AIP (≥0.06) was an independent predictor of MACE occurrence in patients with CAD within 4 years. AIP has a certain value in the long-term prognosis of patients with CAD.

Effect of LSG on insulin resistance and atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with obesity / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:By comparing the changes of metabolic parameters before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastectomy (LSG) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated to evaluate the effect of metabolic surgery on insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.Methods:LSG treatment were retrospectively analyzed in 54 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, detection of preoperative and postoperative 1 month, 6 month of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), measuring blood pressure, body weight, calculating body mass index, and according to the steady state evaluation model and the formula for calculating HOMA-IR and AIP. Before and after surgery, paired t test was used, and Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:FPG, FINS, TG, HOMA-IR and AIP were (6.38±2.03) mmol/L and (5.36±1.33) mmol/L, (20.42±25.77) uU/mLand (11.22±3.62) uU/mL, (1.94±2.81) mmol/Land (1.70±2.33) mmol/L, (5.60±7.52) and (2.58±0.80), (0.15±0.27) and (0.08±0.25) ,which were significantly lower than those before surgery ( P<0.05) ,HDL-C was (1.04±0.20) mmol/L and (1.10±0.18) mmol/L at 1 and 6 months after operation, respectively, which was higher than that before operation ( P<0.05) .Preoperative correlation analysis showed that AIP was positively correlated with FPG, TG and HOMA-IR ( P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( P<0.05) .The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that FPG, TG and HDL-C were independent influencing factors of AIP ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:LSG surgery can effectively reduce the blood glucose and lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with obesity, improve insulin resistance and reduce the plasma atherosclerosis index.

Correlations between C-peptide insulin resistance index, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and atherogenic index in type 2 diabetic patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between multiple parameters of islet function evaluation and atherogenic index (AIP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to observe 216 T2DM patients hospitalized in Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital in 2019. They were divided into non atherogenic phenotype group (N Group, AIP<0.06) and atherogenic phenotype group (A group, AIP≥0.06) with AIP=0.06 as the cut-off point. The general clinical indexes and evaluation indexes of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), such as insulin action index (IAI), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostasis model of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment-β (HOMA-β), C peptide insulin resistance index (HOMA IR-CP) and C peptide islet function index suitable to diabetes patients (HOMA islet-CP DM) were compared between two groups. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were performed.Results:Compared with the N group, the very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), ln (HOMA IR-CP) and ln (HOMA islet-CP DM) in A group were higher ( P<0.01), while ln (QUICKI) was lower ( P<0.05), with statistical significance. AIP was positively correlated with VLDL-C ( r=0.765), ln (HOMA-IR) ( r=0.257), ln (HOMA-β) ( r=0.189), ln (HOMA IR-CP) ( r=0.418) and ln (HOMA islet-CP DM) ( r=0.377, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with IAI ( r=-0.145, P<0.05) and ln (QUICKI) ( r=-0.254, P<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that VLDL-C and ln (HOMA IR-CP) were independent influencing factors of AIP in type 2 diabetic patients ( P<0.01) . Conclusions:AIP is positively correlated with insulin resistance and negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity. VLDL-C and HOMA IR-CP are independent predictors of AIP.

Are young Iranian women with metabolically healthy obesity at increased risk of CVD incidence? / Jovens iranianas obesas metabolicamente saudáveis têm maior risco de incidência de DCV?

Abstract Background The association between the Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) phenotype in the absence of metabolic syndrome and subsequent cardiovascular disease remains unclear. Objectives We examined the association between MHO and CVD risk in young Iranian women. Methods We studied 183 women aged 20-35 years from a population of 308 candidates. We classified participants into 4 phenotypes. We measured body composition, blood pressure, and biochemical factors in all participants. Results The Metabolically Healthy Normal Weight (MHNW) and Normal Weight Obese (NWO) phenotypes had no statistical differences in any biochemistry variables. FBS, TG, LDL/HDL, Cholesterol/HDL, hs-CRP, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were all higher in Metabolically Unhealthy Obese (MUO) than MHO individuals, whereas HDL was higher in MHO than in MUO individuals. LDL/HDL and hs-CRP were higher in MHO participants than MHNW participants, whereas HDL-c was higher in MHNW than MHO. Conclusions Results of the present study demonstrate that young women displaying the MHO phenotype have a favorable metabolic profile as shown by lower FBS, TG, LDL-c/HDL, Cho/HDL, hs-CRP, and AIP and higher HDL levels than the MUO phenotype. However, MHO individuals were still at greater risk of CVD incidence (lower HDL and higher hs-CRP levels) than MHNW individuals.

Resumo Contexto A associação entre o fenótipo obeso metabolicamente saudável (OMS) na ausência de síndrome metabólica e doença cardiovascular subsequente permanece incerta. Objetivos Examinamos a associação entre o fenótipo OMS e risco de DCV em jovens iranianas. Métodos Analisamos 183 mulheres com idade de 20-35 anos de uma população de 308 candidatas. Classificamos as participantes em quatro fenótipos. Mensuramos composição corporal, pressão arterial e fatores bioquímicos em todas as participantes. Resultados Os fenótipos com peso normal metabolicamente saudável (PNMS) e obeso com peso normal não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas em nenhuma das variáveis bioquímicas. Os níveis de glicemia sanguínea em jejum (GSJ), triglicerídeos (TG), relação LDL/HDL, HDL, proteína C reativa ultrassensível (PCR-us) e índice aterogênico do plasma (IAP) foram mais elevados em obesas metabolicamente não saudáveis (OMNS) do que em indivíduos OMSs, enquanto o HDL foi maior em OMSs do que em indivíduos OMNSs. A relação LDL/HDL e o nível de PCR-us foram mais elevados em participantes OMSs do que em participantes com PNMS, enquanto o HDL foi maior naquelas com PNMS do que nas OMSs. Conclusões Os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que mulheres jovens com o fenótipo OMS têm um perfil metabólico favorável, conforme demonstrado pelos níveis menores de GSJ, TG, relação LDL/HDL, HDL, PCR-us e IAP e pelos níveis maiores de HDL em comparação às mulheres com o fenótipo OMNS. Entretanto, indivíduos OMSs ainda apresentavam maior risco de DCV incidente (níveis menores de HDL e maiores de PCR-us) do que indivíduos com PNMS.

Atherogenic index of plasma and its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors among postmenopausal rural women of Bangladesh

Objectives There is absolute lacking of evidences on atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and its association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among postmenopausal women of Bangladesh. This prompted us to investigate this association between AIP and CVD risk factors among postmenopausal women in a rural setting. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 265 postmenopausal women aged 40–70 years who visited a primary health-care center of Bangladesh. We used modified STEP-wise approach for the Surveillance of Noncommunicable diseases risk factors questionnaire of the World Health Organization to collect data on sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors. Physical measurements were carried out following the method described in the ‘noncommunicable disease risk factors survey Bangladesh 2010’. AIP was determined by the logarithmic transformation of triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio, and association with CVD risk factors were examined by multiple linear regression analysis. Results Overall 35.5% respondents had a high risk level of AIP with a mean of 0.16 ± 0.25. After adjusting the confounders, CVD risk factors including duration of menopause (β = 0.606, p = 0.043), waist–hip ratio (β = 0.165, p = 0.003), 2-h plasma glucose (β = 0.118, p = 0.04), total cholesterol (β = 1.082, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = −1.044, p < 0.001), and metabolic equivalent of tasks (β = −0.171, p = 0.003) showed a significant association with AIP. Conclusion High AIP and its significant association with CVD risk factors demand proper lifestyle intervention for postmenopausal women of Bangladesh.

Association between atherogenic index of plasma and renal function impairment in patients with gout / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective@#To study the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)and renal impairment in male patients with gout.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis of 821 male subjects was conducted to measure the relevant biochemical indicators and to calculate the AIP, endogenous creatinine-clearance rate (Ccr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). EpiData 3.1 software was used for data entry, SPSS21.0 was used for statistical analysis, and GraphPad Prism 6.0 software was used for charts.@*Results@#Compared with control group, AIP, serum uric acid, triglyceride in gout group were significantly higher (all P<0.01), while eGFR and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly lower (both P<0.05). The composition ratio of renal function impairment in gout group was significantly higher (P<0.01). With the increase of AIP level, eGFR level decreased and serum creatinine level increased, but the overall difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), while Ccr and serum uric acid levels gradually increased (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis after adjusting for various confounding factors showed that AIP, triglyceride, and serum uric acid were risk factors for renal function damage in patients with gout (P<0.05), the relevant risk were 7.030, 1.291, 1.004 respectively. After adjusting confounding factors, the associations between triglyceride, serum uric acid and renal function injury risk changed little, while AIP showed more evident, the OR value increased from 2.629 to 6.265 and 7.030.@*Conclusions@#(1)AIP is closely related to the renal function damage of patients with gout. After adjusting various confounding factors, AIP can better reflect the renal function damage than other indicators, which is of great significance to predict the renal function damage of patients with gout. (2)That patients with gout with high uric acid level may suffer from renal atherosclerosis and have a higher risk of renal impairment. (3)Dynamic observation of AIP in gout patients is helpful for early identification of the risk of renal failure in such patients.

Correlation between atherogenic index of plasma and renal function change in the elderly patients with hypertension / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the abnormality of lipid metabolism and renal function change in elderly patients with hypertension,and to evaluate the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma(AIP) and glomerular filtration rate(GFR).Methods From July 2015 to June 2017,in Quzhou People's Hospital,182 elderly patients with hypertension were selected as observation group,and 192 elderly healthy people with normal blood pressure were selected as control group.The total cholesterol(TC),triglyeride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected,and the AIP =1og [TG/HDL-C] was calculated.The GFR was estimated by Cockcroft-Gault equation.The relationship between the estimated GFR (eGFR) and the blood lipid parameters was analyzed.Results The eGFR of the observation group and control group were (84.94 ± 19.49) mL · min-1 · (1.73m2)-1,(154.91 ± 20.44) mL· min-1 · (1.73m2)-1,respectively,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t =11.27,P ＜ 0.01).The AIP of the observation group and control group were (0.68 ± 0.03),(-0.22 ± 0.02),respectively,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t =3.43,P ＜ 0.01).There was a negative correlation between AIP and eGFR in the elderly patients with hypertension (r =-0.845,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The fact shows that abnormality of lipid metabolism in the elderly patients with hypertension is present.AIP can be used as a plasma marker of atherosclerosis and could be used as a useful and important parameter for clinical observation in the elderly hypertensive patients with renal impairment.

Association between atherogenic index of plasma and renal function impairment in patients with gout / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To study the relationship between atherogenic index of plasma ( AIP ) and renal impairment in male patients with gout. Methods A retrospective analysis of 821 male subjects was conducted to measure the relevant biochemical indicators and to calculate the AIP, endogenous creatinine-clearance rate (Ccr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( eGFR) . EpiData 3.1 software was used for data entry, SPSS21.0 was used for statistical analysis, and GraphPad Prism 6. 0 software was used for charts. Results Compared with control group, AIP, serum uric acid, triglyceride in gout group were significantly higher (all P<0.01), while eGFR and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly lower ( both P<0.05) . The composition ratio of renal function impairment in gout group was significantly higher (P<0.01). With the increase of AIP level, eGFR level decreased and serum creatinine level increased, but the overall difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05) , while Ccr and serum uric acid levels gradually increased (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis after adjusting for various confounding factors showed that AIP, triacylglycerol, and serum uric acid were risk factors for renal function damage in patients with gout (P<0.05), the relevant risk were 7.030, 1.291, 1.004 respectively, After adjusting corfounding factors, the associafions betwees triglyceride, serum uric acid and with renal function injury risk changed little, while AIP show more evident, the OR value increased from 2.629 to 6.265 and 7.030. Conclusions (1)AIP is closely related to the renal function damage of patients with gout. After adjusting various confounding factors, AIP can better reflect the renal function damage than other indicators, which is of great significance to predict the renal function damage of patients with gout. ( 2) That patients with gout with high uric acid level may suffer from renal atherosclerosis and have a higher risk of renal impairment. ( 3) Dynamic observation of AIP in gout patients is helpful for early identification of the risk of renal failure in such patients.

Correlation between cystatin C and atherogenic index of plasma change in hypertensive patients / 预防医学

Objective To understand the correlation and clinical significance between cystatin C and atherogenic index of plasma change in hypertensive patients. Methods At the Quzhou City central hospital between 2014 and 2015, 526 cases of hypertensive patients as hypertensive group and 546 cases of people with normal blood pressure in the healthy check-up as normal blood pressure group were investigated with physical examination, blood biochemical index detection and the serum cystatin C level detection. The analysis of the relationship between the serum cystatin C level and atherogenic index of plasma among two groups was done. Results The evidence that the serum cystatin C level between hypertensive group and normal blood pressure group shows respectively as: 1.12±0.44 (mg/L) and 0.81±0.22 (mg/L), atherogenic index of plasma shows respectively as:0.68±0.03 and -0.22±0.02, both differences were statistically significant (P<0.01) . As the serum cystatin C level increased, the risk of hypertension increased (OR=20.06, 95％CI: 12.67-31.76) . Plasma arteriosclerosis index in hypertensive group was correlated with systolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, LDL cholesterol, and uric acid level respectively, all differences were statistically significant. In addition to the above indicators, the serum cystatin C level in hypertensive group was correlated with serum creatinine level (all P<0.05) . Conclusion The serum cystatin C level and plasma arteriosclerosis index in patients with hypertension both were higher than those with normal blood pressure. These two indicators were correlated with systolic blood pressure and multiple blood lipid indicators. They could be used to monitor arteriosclerosis and target organ damage in patients with hypertension.

Association of AIP and serum bilirubin with coronary in-stent restenosis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To analyze the association of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)and serum bilirubin with coronary in-stent restenosis after drug-eluting stent implantation.Methods For this research we recruited 268 patients who had undergone successful drug-eluting coronary stent implantation and then received coronary angiography.Both ends (from the edge of the supporting frame≤5 mm)or the vessel's diameter stenosis ≥50% were used as the definition of restenosis.According to the results of coronary angiography,the subjects were divided into restenosis group (42 cases)and non-restenosis group (226 cases).The total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,indirect bilirubin and AIP in the two groups were compared to explore the correlation of AIP and serum bilirubin with in-stent restenosis.Results AIP in restenosis group was significantly higher than that in non-restenosis group (P＜0.05).The level of total bilirubin was significantly lower in the former group than in the latter one (P＜0.05). Conclusion AIP is a risk factor for restenosis,and serum total bilirubin is a protective factor for coronary stent restenosis.

RETROSPECTIVE GASTRIC CANCER STUDY / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

@#BACKGROUND In Mongolia, Gastric cancer is second most common cancer. 904 (603-men, 301- women) new gastric cancer cases reported in 2016 and is about twice as common in men than women. The number of new gastric cancer cases was 29.3 per 100.000 men and women in Mongolia. A greater percentage of total gastric cancer cases were III, IV stage(85.5%). In 2016, The Orkhon province had the highest rate in Mongolia (54.3 cases per 100.000 men and women). In Mongolia and Orkhon province, gastric cancer remains an important public health problem. METHODS A total of 60 gastric cancer cases diagnosed at Medipas Hospital between March 2016 and October 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The average age of all gastric cancer patients was 59.75±9.91 years. The men to women ratio was 1:0.28. The most common location of gastric cancer was upper third(59.7%), followed by middle third (26.9%) and lower third (13.4%) of the stomach. Thepercentage of total gastric cancer cases were advanced gastric cancer (66.7%) than early gastric cancer (31.7%). And One case(1.6%) diagnosed MALT lymphoma. 55% of total gastric cancer cases were treated by Endoscopic submucosal dissection and Gastroectomy surgery. CONCLUSION One reason the overall survival rate is poor in the Mongolia is that most stomach cancers are diagnosed at an advanced rather than an early stage. The stage of the cancer has a major effect on a patient’s prognosis.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATHEROGENIC INDEX OF PLASMA AND RISKS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

@#BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for >17 million deaths globally each year and this figure is expected to grow to 23.6 million by 2030. According to the WHO report, one-third of ischemic heart disease is attributable to high cholesterol. There have been some claims that the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), which is the logarithmic transformation of the just-mentioned ratio (TG/HDL-C), could be used as a significant predictor of atherosclerosis, and CVD as well. Thus, we aimed to study the relationship between AIP and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: The cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted including 117 participants aged between 40-72 years old without cardiovascular symptoms were recruited from Second General Hospital. After filled consent form, participants’ habits of smoking, alcohol usage, obesity, arterial hypertension and sedentary lifestyle were assessed through a structured questionnaire and physical examination. By using fully automated open-system analyzer, determinations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) three times and glucose twice were performed simultaneously and then their averages were calculated. At least one abnormal lipid level was considered as “dyslipidemia”. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated as the logarithmically transformed ratio of molar concentrations of TG to HDL-C. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22. RESULTS: Of total 117 participants ranging 40-72 years old, 45.3% were male and 54.7% were female with mean age 53.6±0.79. Regarding cardiovascular risk factors, 63.8% were physically inactive, 32.48% were smokers, 47% were alcohol user, 48% were hypertensive, and 18.26% were diabetic. The mean values plus standard error of lipid components were 195.5±6.09 mg/dL in cholesterol, 181.25±27.36 mg/dL in triglycerides, 60.6±1.39 mg/dL in HDL-C, 138.5±3.74 mg/dL in LDL-C, 6.27±0.26 mmol/L in fasting glucose. The dyslipidemia was detected in 54.7% of total participants and mean level of AIP was 0.33±0.03 (min=-0.52; max=1.51). The mean levels of 10 year and lifetime risk were 6.25±0.63% (min=0.2; max=33.5) and 43±1.53% (min=7.5; max=69), respectively. AIP had weak correlations with gender, smoking, anti-hypertensive drug usage, aspirin usage, 10 year and lifetime risks of CVD, hypertension, fasting glucose, body mass index, and dyslipidemia (0.2<r<0.4, р<0.05). Multivariate regression revealed that fasting glucose level (β=0.016, Cl95%; 0.005:0.027, р=0.003) and BMI (β=0.092, Cl95%; 0.002:0.035, р=0.002) were associated with AIP. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dyslipidemia is higher among the participants and cardiovascular risk factors affect AIP differently. Fasting glucose level as well as body mass index are potent risk factors to increase AIP.

Application of atherogenic index of plasma and intima-media thickness of carotid artery in renal arteriolar sclerosis patients with chronic renal failure / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To evaluate the application of atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and intima-media thickness of carotid artery (CA-IMT) in renal arteriolar sclerosis patients with chronic renal failure.Methods One hundred and twenty nine patients with chronic renal failure patients underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy from October 2013 to June 2014,the biopsy results showed that renal arteriolar sclerosis was identified in 72 patients (atherosclerosis group) and no renal arterioles sclerosis was detected in 57 patients (non-atherosclerosis group);71 healthy adults were enrolled in the study as controls.The age,height,body weight,systolic and diastolic blood pressure,the indexes of blood lipid and renal function were documented and compared among three groups.The correlation of AIP and CBMmax of common carotid artery and carotid bifurcation with blood lipid level and renal function was analyzed.Results There was significant difference in body weight among patients with atherosclerosis [(70.77 ± 14.27) kg],without atherosclerosis [(60.63 ± 12.12) kg] and the controls [(64.20 ± 8.13) kg] (t =3.071,3.391,all P ＜ 0.05).The TG [(2.43 ± 1.61) mmol/L vs.(1.02 ± 0.37) mmol/L],TC [(7.40 ± 8.80) mmol/L vs.(4.53 ±0.67)mmol/L],LDL-C[(4.40 ±2.13) mmol/L vs.(2.85 ±0.70) mmol/L],AlP[(0.15 ± 0.351) vs.(-0.127 ± 0.184)] of the atherosclerosis group were higher than those of control group (t =5.975,2.252,2.614,-5.467,all P ＜ 0.05).The HDL-C of atherosclerosis group was lower than that of control group [(0.78 ±0.16) mmol/L vs.(1.29 ±0.21) mmol/L,t =4.750,P ＜0.05].The Scr[(117.24 ± 94.27) mmol/L vs.(64.16 ± 13.42) mmol/L],BUN [(6.73 ± 3.58) mmol/L vs.(4.66 ± 1.08) mmol/L] of the atherosclerosis group were higher,and the GFR was lower [(65.60 ±23.00)ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 vs.(124.78 ± 24.35)ml · min-1l.73 m-2,t =5.118] than those of control group (t =4.730,4.702).The Scr of the atherosclerosis group was higher,and the GFR was lower [(65.60 ± 23.00) ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 vs.(95.60±53.00)ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2,t =3.514] than those of the non-atherosclerosis group [(117.24 ± 94.27) mmol/L vs.(71.35 ± 42.18) mmol/L,t =3.690].There were positive correlation between TG and LDL-C (r =0.828,0.323,P ＜ 0.05) and negative correlation between AIP and HDL-C (r =-0.489,P ＜0.05).There was positive correlation of CBMmax with Scr,BUN and AIP (r =0.394,0.289,0.528,all P ＜ 0.05),and negative correlation between CBMmax and GFR (r =-0.277,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Body weight,GFR,AIP and CBMmax are useful indicators in evaluation of renal arteriolar sclerosis in patients with chronic renal failure.AIP is a sensitive index for abnormal blood lipid level.AIP and CBMmax are important risk factors in chronic renal failure patients with renal arteriolar sclerosis.

Correlation of Serum Cystatin C with Atherogenic indices in obese individuals.

Introduction: Human obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. Cystatin C is a naturally occurring protease inhibitor and marker of cardiovascular disease. The atherogenic indices are used as an index for cardiac risk stratification. Objectives: To estimate the serum levels of Cystatin C in individuals with normal BMI, and obese, aged between 20-39 Yrs and to compare the levels of Cystatin C among these individuals and to correlate the levels of serum Cystatin C with atherogenic index of plasma and other indices. Methodology: The study population was taken from healthy volunteers of Mysore city, aged between 20-39 years of either sex. The study population was divided into 2 groups based on BMI. Each group contains sample size of 60. Fasting serum sample was analyzed for Total Cholesterol, TG, LDL-Cholesterol & HDL cholesterol by enzymatic method and serum Cystatin-C by immune-turbidimetric method using auto-analyser. Statistical Analysis: Analysis of Variance [ANOVA] was used to compare the serum levels of Cystatin C in the two groups. To correlate the serum Cystatin C with atherogenic indices for predicting the cardiovascular risk factors, Pearson’s correlation co-efficient was worked out. Results: The mean serum cystatin C levels in normal BMI group are 0.7±0.03 mg/L, and in Obese group 1.15±0.09 mg/(p value<0.001).In the study serum Cystatin C showed a positive correlation with serum triglycerides (r=0.7), Atherogenic index of plasma(AIP ) (r=0.80), TCHOL: HDL (Castelli’s Risk Index I) (r=0.71), HDL: LDL(Castelli’s Risk Index II) (r=0.70) respectively and Atherogenic coefficient (AC) {(NonHDLc)/HDLc}( r=0.60) and negative correlation with serum HDL(r=-0.52) Conclusion: Several indices had been derived from lipid profiles to establish an index for predicting the risk of having coronary event. The atherogenic index of plasma was strongly correlated with the Cystatin C, hence AIP can be used as better index for predicting the preclinical cardiovascular disease because of cost effectiveness in estimation of Cystatin C